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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromatin structure in globozoospermia: a case report.

Sperm nuclear abnormalities in patients with globozoospermia have not been well characterized and may lead to the high rates of fertilization failure and embryo loss reported in patients with this form of teratozoospermia. This study used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), and single cell gel eletrophoresis assay (COMET) to assess if globozoospermia is associated with sperm chromatin structure abnormalities, DNA fragmentation, or both. The flow cytometric SCSA measures abnormal chromatin structure based on the susceptibility of sperm nuclear DNA to acid-induced denaturation in situ. COMET measures DNA fragmentation in individual sperm nuclei based upon gel electrophoretic patterns. Although sperm concentration (113 million/mL) and motility (66%) were normal in the patient, there was complete acrosome deficiency. TEM and SCSA data confirmed light microscopic examination that showed that sperm populations included a mixture of round and elongated sperm heads. Even though 100% of sperm had abnormal head morphology, only 13% demonstrated DNA denaturation (COMPalpha(t)), which is below our threshold of 15% COMPalpha(t), and consistent with high-fertility patients. Of interest, 13% of the sperm were also positive in the COMET assay, supporting our previous observations that SCSA-positive cells are also positive for DNA fragmentation. It was unexpected but of great interest that a human sperm population with 100% sperm morphology abnormalities had a chromatin integrity at the molecular level that is equivalent to sperm populations shown in previous studies to be highly fertile. These data are the first reported using SCSA and COMET assays to evaluate a patient with globozoospermia and support previous reports that intracytoplasmic sperm injection of globozoospermia may result in fertility/pregnancy. Lower success rates seen in some patients may be due to unrelated factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Study on the effect of mouse pregnancy immunological tolerance induced by oral antigen administration].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of mouse pregnancy immunological tolerance induced by oral administration of antigens and investigate oral tolerance (OT) therapy of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. METHODS: The mouse models of spontaneous abortion CBA/J x DBA/2 were established, then we administrated the models by oral proper dosage antigens ovum albumin (OVA), trophoblast menbrane antigens trophoblast membrane antigen (TMA)1, TMA2 and observed the changes of embryo loss rate (ELR) as compared with the control groups: group without immunization, group of active immunization by injecting intraperitoneally spleenocytes and blank control by feeding normal saline (NS). RESULTS: (1) The results showed that the ELR of group without immunization, group of active immunization and control blank were 29%, 8% and 28%, respectively. (2) Expect the groups of low dosage single-fed, the ELR can be decreased significantly by oral administration of suitable dosage of antigen OVA and TMA2 as compared with group without immunization and blank control (P < 0.05) and no changes was found as compared with group of active immunization (P > 0.05), the ELR of group OVA 2 mg x 5-fed (4%) and TMA2 2 mg x 5-fed (3%) was the lowest of all. (3) The ELR had not been decreased after administration of TMA1 groups as compared with group without immunization and group blank (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that pregnancy immunological tolerance can be induced efficiently and the ELR can be decreased significantly by oral administration of proper dosage antigens of OVA and TMA2.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the embrotoxic properties of the repellent diethyltoluamide].

With application to the skin of an albino female-rat over the whole period of its pregnancy of the repellent diethyltolueneamide (DETA) in doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg the overall embryonal fatality was found to go up, the size and weight of the rattlings to be down; there was recorded a lagging development of the newborns and a high postnatal death rate. The preparation could easily overcome the placental barrier, it was demonstrable in the placenta, fetuses, as well as in the bodies of newborn rattlings, even 3 months after their birth.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

[Action of the herbicide Ramrod on the embryogenesis of white rats].

The embryotoxic and teratogenic activity of the acetanilide Ramrod is subjected to experimental testing. Studies are conducted on 103 white unbred female rats, to which the preparation was administered throughout the full gestation period, at doses 1/5, 1/10, 1/30 and 1/40 LD50. Following in reduction of the preparation, an increase in the total embryonal lethality was noted, conditioned entirely by the considerable rise, as compared to controls, of the pre-implantation deaths of embryos. The embryotoxic action of the preparation was furthermore manifested with a decrease in body weight and in the craniocaudal fetal sizes. Upon giving 1/5 and 1/10 LD50 Ramrod, a slight teratogenic effect was recorded. Ramrod at dose 1/40 LD50 exerted no effect whatsoever on embryogenesis.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed2003

Day 2 vs. day 3 embryo transfer after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A prospective, randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare, in a prospective, randomized study, implantation and pregnancy rates between day 2 and day 3 embryo transfer intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 106 patients undergoing ICSI cycles who had at least 1 embryo suitable for cryopreservation were prospectively randomized into 2 groups: group I, embryo transfer performed on day 2; group II, embryo transfer performed on day 3. RESULTS: Patient ages did not differ (P = .58) between groups I (33.1 +/- 4.5) and II (32.7 +/- 4.4). The number of oocytes retrieved from group I (13.7 +/- 5.2) was similar (P = .82) to that retrieved from group II (13.7 +/- 5.4). In addition, there was no difference (P = .30) in the number of oocytes retrieved at metaphase II between groups I (10.6 +/- 4.4) and II (9.7 +/- 4.2). Fertilization and cleavage rates were also similar (P = .58 and P = .50, respectively) between groups I (78.2 +/- 14.0% and 98.7 +/- 4.3%) and II (76.2 +/- 14.8% and 99.8 +/- 1.24%, respectively). The total number of embryos and of embryos transferred were similar (P = .22 and P = .36; respectively) for groups I (8.0 +/- 3.0, 2.8 +/- 0.7) and II (7.16 +/- 3.2, 2.6 +/- 0.8). Pregnancy rates per transfer, implantation rates and abortion rates were also similar for groups I (43.4%, 20.8% and 8.7%, respectively) and II (41.5%, 24.1% and 23%, respectively) (P = 1.0, P = .57 and P = .24, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that extending the embryo culture period from 2 to 3 days for patients who had at least 1 embryo left for cryopreservation had no effect on implantation, pregnancy or abortion rates in an ICSI program.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Mouse embryo yield and viability after euthanasia by CO2 inhalation or cervical dislocation.

Efficient production of transgenic mice requires high yields of viable, healthy embryos. Cervical dislocation (without prior anesthesia) rather than CO2 inhalation as a means of euthanasia has been justified on the basis of the increased yield of viable ova, but controlled studies have not directly supported this contention. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) Guides, and respective Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) have supported the use of CO2 as a preferred, humane method. The study reported here was undertaken to determine the relative yields of viable embryos from mice euthanized either by inhalation of 100% CO2 or by cervical dislocation. Inbred and hybrid mouse strains, representative of common strains used in genetic engineering experimentation included C57BL/6, FVB/N, and B6SJLF1. There was no difference in the embryo yields in comparisons using the two methods of euthanasia (P = 0.534). Decisions regarding the method of euthanasia can be made on the basis of criteria other than those associated with embryo yield and viability.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

In vitro production of cattle embryos: review and Belgian results.

This paper reviews the overall process of in vitro production and cryopreservation of bovine embryos in Belgium. Three laboratories are involved in this field, one at the University of Liège, one at the University of Ghent and ours at the University of Louvain-La-Neuve. Each one uses this technology as a tool to reach different goals. This paper refers mainly to the work done in Louvain-La-Neuve. Oocytes are obtained by punction of 2-4 mm follicles on slaughtered cow ovaries. They are matured in hormone-supplemented TCM199 containing 10% heat-treated fetal calf serum. In vitro fertilization by Percoll-selected spermatozoa is followed by in vitro culture in oviduct-conditioned medium for 7-9 days. Six calves have been born from in vitro produced blastocysts. Recently, full development was obtained in conditioned medium without protein supplementation. This finding will allow further investigations on oviduct/embryo molecular communication and research of oviduct-secreted embryotrophic proteins which were impaired in previous culture systems using serum-supplemented media. In vitro produced blastocysts were frozen-thawed and non-surgically transferred: 7/19 recipients remained pregnant beyond 2 months. Embryo loss was high between day 21 and 35 (31%).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of infrared impulse laser irradiation on the development of albino rat embryos].

Development of the white rat embryos has been studied under effect of infrared laser beams (wave length--0.89 mcm, impulse frequency--300 Hz) during various periods of pregnancy. Exposure of the female rats for 256 and 128 sec produces an increased preimplantational death of embryos and certain disturbances in formation of the osseous skeleton in some embryos.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the embryotoxic action of kalipsol].

The effect of calipsol on the course of pregnancy and the embryonal development in albino rats was studied. It was found that single injections of the drug in a dose of 200 mg/kg on the 7th or 8th day of pregnancy induced no disorders in the pregnancy course and the embryonal development. At the administration in a dose of 40.0 mg/kg on the 11th, 13th, 15th days of pregnancy calipsol was shown to exert a marked embryolethal action and at the administration on the 7th, 9th, 11th days of pregnancy in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg increased the number of fetuses with hemorrhages into the internal organs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The embryotoxic effects of monohydric alcohols].

We have compared the embryotoxic effect of aliphatic alcohols on antenatal embryogenesis of rats and the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.1) in embryonic hepatocytes. The embryotoxic activity of the used alcohols in equitoxic doses (assessed as the lethal effect) showed some dependence on their chemical structure. Earlier it has been demonstrated that there is a similar dependence for the mutagenic effects of the alcohols at the chromosomal level. All tested compounds, with the exception of decanol, distinctly retarded the development, but did not exert any teratogenic action. The administration of aliphatic alcohols also led to a significant decrease in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in fetal hepatocytes.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A preclinical study of the embryotoxic properties of cucumarioside and its effect on adult generative function].

The preclinical study of embryotoxicity of a new immunomodulator cucumariosid was carried out. Cucumariosid at long-term use exerts no effect on the generative function of rats, the general condition of pregnant females and the postnatal development of the offspring, possesses no teratogenic action. The use of the drug in the preimplantation period of pregnancy and the implantation period produces the contraceptive effect.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗