Coccidia (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of swine.
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Eimeria teetari n. sp. (Eimeriidae. Sporozoa) in Indian partridges.
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Endogenous stages of Eimeria tuskegeensis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus.
Endogenous stages of Eimeria tuskegeensis were studied in experimentally infected cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus. Almost all parasites were located on the basilar side of the nucleus in epithelial cells on the sides and tips of villi of the small intestine. The endogenous cycle consisted of three generations of schizogony followed by gametogony. First-, second-, third-generation schizonts could be distinguished by time of appearance, size and shape of the schizont, and number, size, shape, and arrangement of merozoites. Immature gametogonous stages appeared to 84 hr postinoculation (PI) and developed into mature microgametocytes and macrogametes by 96 hr PI. Microgametocytes had a mono-centric type of development. Intermediate macrogametes had small, basophilic wall-forming bodies and mature macrogametes had large, eosinophilic wall-forming bodies. It was not possible to determine whether these were two distinct types of wall-forming bodies or whether they were different stages of a single type. Two nuclei were seen in the host's epithelial cells parasitized by schizonts, microgematocytes, macrogametes, and oocysts. This binucleate condition was apparently parasite-induced.
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[Life cycle and cytochemical study of the endogenous developmental stages of Eimeria akeriana (coccidiida, Eimeriidae) from the Asia Minor gerbil].
Three generations of schisonts in the life cycle of Eimeria akeriana, the intestinal parasite of Meriones blackleri, were determined. Gametogony begins in 94 hours, the first oocysts discharge in 5.5--6 days and lasts 14.5 to 15 days after the oocyst administration. A cytochemical study of the distribution of the nucleic acids, proteins and amylopectin at the stages of endogenous development of E. akeriana has revealed a considerable similarity among the parasites of Eimeria though each type is characterized by some cytochemical peculiarities.
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The endogenous stages of Eimeria utahensis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii.
The endogenous life cycle of Eimeria utahensis is described from experimentally infected kangaroo rats, Dipodomys ordii. The endogenous asexual cycle consisted of 4 generations of meronts. First-generation meronts were concentrated in the anterior third of the small intestine. The succeeding generations of meronts and the sexual stages were concentrated in the middle third of the small intestine. First-generation meronts had a mean diameter of 9.7 micrometer and contained 12 to 16 merozoites. Second-generation meronts had a mean diameter of 8.0 micrometer and contained 12 to 16 merozoites and a residual body. Third-generation meronts had a mean diameter of 12.4 micrometer and contained 4 to 8 merozoites. Fourth-generation meronts had a mean diameter of 8.6 micrometer and contained 16 to 24 merozoites. Young gamonts were located in epithelial cells of the crypts of the small intestine. Shortly after the parasites entered the epithelial cells, the infected cells became displaced into the lamina propria, and most of the mature gamonts were in this location. The nuclei of host cells containing young sexual stages became greatly elongated and flattened. A few young gamonts were seen in cells in which the host cell nuclei were dividing. During development, nuclei of microgamonts became arranged on the periphery of numerous compartments. Only one type of wall-forming body could be distinguished in the macrogamonts.
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Life cycle of Isospora burrowsi n sp (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the dog Canis familiaris.
Exogenous and endogenous stages of Isospora burrowsi n sp from the dog are described. Oocysts were spherical or ellipisoidal and 17 to 22 by 16 to 19 micrometer (mean 20.3 by 17.3 micrometer). Micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule were not present. Sporocysts were 12 to 16 by 8 to 11 micrometer (mean 14.4 by 9.7 micrometer). Stieda body was absent, but a sporocyst residuum was present. Endogenous stages were in the caudal three-fifths of the small intestine and in the cecum. Mature 1st-generation schizonts (11 to 18 by 9 to 18 micrometer) were present on the 4th day of infection. One day later, mature 2nd-generation schizonts (18 to 35 by 17 to 22 micrometer) were present. Immature gamonts were found 5 days after infection, and unsporulated oocysts were also present later that day. The prepatent period was 6 days, and the mean patent period was 11 days. The oocysts of I burrowsi differ markedly in size from all other Isospora species from dogs, except Isospora ohioensis; however, the endogenous stages of the 2 species differ.
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[Eimeriidae and helminths of swine and wild boar in Belgium. Incidence of antitoxoplasmic antibodies].
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Dorisa n. gen. (Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae).
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Eimeria duszynskii sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae), a parasite of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi Girard.
Eimeria duszynskii sp. n. is described from 21 of 35 (60%) mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi Girard, from the Provo River, Provo, Utah. Sporulated oocysts of E. duszynskii were spherical with a thin transparent oocyst wall and an average diameter of 12.2 (range, 11.6--12.9) micron. Micropyle, polar granules, and oocyst residuum were absent. Sporocysts were ovoid with one slightly flattened side and 6.0 (range, 5.2--6.3) X 9.1 (range, 8.4--10.0) micron in size. Sporocyst residuum was coarsely granular and compact. Stieda and substieda body were absent. Sporozoites had transverse banding on one end.
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Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the big bend slider, Trachemys gaigeae (Testudines: Emydidae), in New Mexico.
Twenty-nine Big Bend sliders Trachemys gaigeae (Hartweg, 1934) were collected from Socorro County, New Mexico, and their feces examined for coccidial parasites. Three (10%) of the turtles were found to be infected with at least 1 coccidian. Seven Eimeria spp. (E. chrysemydis, E. graptemydos, E. marginata, E. pseudemydis, E. pseudogeographica, E. stylosa, and E. trachemydis) were harbored by T. gaigeae. All represent new host and distributional records for these previously described coccidians. In addition, a single sympatric western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) harbored E. chrysemydis, E. graptemydos, and E. trachemydis. The latter coccidian is reported for the first time from C. picta bellii.
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Four new coccidia (Apicomplexia: Eimeriidae) from anoles (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) in the Dominican Republic.
Fecal samples from 25 Anolis armouri, 2 Anolis bahorucoensis, 48 Anolis cybotes, and 21 Anolis olssoni (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) from southern Hispaniola were examined for coccidian oocysts. Two eimerians and 2 isosporans are herein described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria schwartzi n. sp. from A. armouri are ellipsoidal, 22.7 (20.8-25.0) x 15.7 (14.6-17.7) microns, with spherical to subspherical sporocysts, 7.9 (6.2-9.4) x 7.4 (6.2-8.3) microns. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora reui n. sp. from A. bahorucoensis are spherical to subspherical, 18.2 (15.6-20.0) x 17.8 (15.6-19.8) microns, with ovoid sporocysts, 11.9 (10.4-12.7) x 8.5 (7.5-9.4) microns. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora hendersoni n. sp. from A. armouri and A. cybotes are spherical to subspherical, 23.2 (20.8-26.0) x 21.1 (18.4-23.9) microns, with ellipsoidal sporocysts, 14.7 (12.5-15.6) x 10.0 (9.2-11.4) microns. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria avilae n. sp. from A. olssoni are cylindrical, 29.3 (26.0-33.3) x 15.9 (13.5-18.9) microns, with ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.2 (9.4-11.4) x 6.8 (5.2-8.0) microns.
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A description of Isospora amphiboluri (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the inland bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps (Sauria: Agamidae).
Fecal samples from 50 captive inland bearded dragons, Pogona vitticeps (Ahl, 1926), bred in California, were examined for coccidian parasites. Sixteen (32%) of the lizards were found to be passing oocysts of Isospora amphiboluri Cannon, 1967, previously described from bearded dragons Pogona barbata (Cuvier, 1829) from Australia. Sporulated oocytes were spherical to subspherical, 25.3 x 25.1 (23-26 x 23-26) microns, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.0 (1.0-1.1). A micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule were absent. Sporocyts were ovoidal, 17.0 x 11.4 (16-18 x 11-12) microns, with a shape index of 1.5 (1.4-1.7). A sporocyst residuum, Stieda, and substieda bodies were present, but parastieda bodies were absent. Sporozoites were elongated, 13.9 x 3.5 (12-15 x 3-4) microns in situ, containing spherical anterior and posterior refractile bodies. The occurrence of I. amphiboluri in P. vitticeps is a new host and geographic record for the parasite. Photomicrographs of the oocysts and endogenous life cycle stages of I. amphiboluri are presented for the first time.
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New host and geographic records for coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from North American turtles.
Two-hundred-fifty-three turtles, representing 26 species within 5 families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Testudinidae, Trionychidae) were examined for coccidia. Of these, 127 (50%) were found to harbor 1 or more of 28 species of eimerians, or isosporan, or both. One-hundred-thirteen (89%) of the infected turtles were aquatic species, whereas only 14 (11%) of the infected turtles were terrestrial species. Two-fold more aquatic turtles were infected with coccidia (113 of 200, 57%) compared to only 26% (14 of 53) of the terrestrial species. This report documents 14 new host and 8 new geographic records for eimerians from turtles in Arkansas and Texas.
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A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from humans.
A new coccidian parasite has been found in stool specimens of humans with and without diarrhea. The oocyst of this parasite measures 8.6 microns in diameter (7.7-9.9 microns), with ovoid sporocysts 4.0 x 6.3 (3.3-4.4 x 5.5-7.1) microns. Each oocyst has 2 sporocysts and each sporocyst contains 2 sporozoites. Based on these characteristics and the structures observed by electron microscopy, this parasite has been classified in the genus Cyclospora. We propose the name Cyclospora cayetanensis n. sp. for this new human parasite.
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Experimental transmission of Caryospora bigenetica Wacha et Christiansen, 1982 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from a rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, to rodents and pigs.
Caryosporan oocysts were found in the feces of a diamond rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, kept in ZOO Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic. Comparison of oocyst structure with hitherto described Caryospora species from snakes revealed that they were Caryospora bigenetica Wacha et Christiansen, 1982. The rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, represents a new host for C. bigenetica. The common vole (Microtus arvalis) and gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were successfully infected with a mixture of C. bigenetica oocysts and sporocysts following oral inoculation. All experimentally infected animals displayed clinical signs of dermal coccidiosis, including swellings of the face, ears, footpads, and scrota or vagina. Gerbils developed more severe clinical signs of infection and had a higher mortality than voles. Developmental stages of C. bigenetica were found in connective tissue of the nose, cheeks, ears, scrotum or vagina. Transmission of C. bigenetica caryocysts between common voles and mice, between mice and common voles, common voles and gerbils, and common voles and pigs was demonstrated. This study demonstrates that C. bigenetica can be transmitted by predation or cannibalism between different species of rodents and pigs.
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Eimerian guilds (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Richardson's (Spermophilus richardsonii) and Wyoming (Spermophilus elegans) ground squirrels.
Feces of Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) were examined to determine occurrence and prevalence of eimerian species and to compare guilds in these hosts to previously described guilds from Wyoming ground squirrels (Spermophilus elegans). Six species of Eimeria were collected from 100 Richardson's ground squirrels: Eimeria beecheyi (36% infected); Eimeria bilamellata (13%); Eimeria callospermophili-Eimeria morainensis complex (41%); Eimeria lateralis (6%); and Eimeria spermophili (9%). The species composition and prevalences were essentially identical in the 2 congeneric hosts. Three species were consistently more (> 30%) and 3 were consistently less (< 20%) prevalent in both host species. Furthermore, in both squirrel species the rare species were more prevalent in juveniles. Eimerian guilds such as these may be common to many species of ground-dwelling sciurid squirrels. The report of E. beecheyi in Richardson's ground squirrel constitutes a new host record for this species.
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Experimental study of Eimeria robertsoni (Protozoa, Eimeriidae) in the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus.
A 6 1/2-day prepatent period and a patent period of at least 22 days followed single oocyst infection of a young coccidia-free hare with Eimeria robertsoni. Size of oocysts increased significantly during patency and was negatively correlated with oocyst output. Oryctolagus cuniculus remained negative after inoculation per os of E. robertsoni of snowshoe hare origin.
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Eimeria haematodi sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus, in Papua New Guinea.
Eimeria haematodi sp. n. is described from the rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus, in Papua New Guinea. Oocysts ovoid to slightly pyriform, and measured 24.7 to 40.0 by 20.8 to 35.0 micronm (32.3 by 27.6 micronm). Oocyst wall approximately 1.5 micronm thick and two-layered. Micropyle (5 to 7 micronm) and oocyst residuum (10 to 12 micron) present; polar granule absent. Sporocysts ellipsoidal, 12.0 to 17.0 by 7.9 to 9.8 micronm (13.3 by 8.4 micronm), with thin convex Stieda body, and granular sporocyst residuum (4.0 to 5.0 micronm). Thirteen out of 30 wild lorikeets (43.3%) were infected with E. haematodi.
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