Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Early detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The status of prostate cancer early detection.

Prostate cancer represents an increasing public health burden that may be controlled by early detection interventions. Several studies using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and digital rectal examination (DRE) in men without known prostate disease have been reported. Recent studies are reviewed, and recent preliminary results of the American Cancer Society-National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS-NPCDP) are presented. Results show that the rate of early prostate cancer detection can be increased by coordinated use of TRUS, PSA, and DRE. The ACS-NPCDP data indicate that the positive predictive value of recommendations to biopsy is improved when based on a combination of studies. Examination by TRUS alone is least specific and least cost-effective, whereas the combination of PSA and DRE is less costly and more specific with equal sensitivity to cancer. Additional data are needed to determine if prostate cancer death rates will be altered by early detection interventions. Physicians and patients need to be informed of the possible risks and benefits of early detection interventions.

American Cancer Society↗
PubMed1994

Skin cancer prevention: a link between primary prevention and early detection?

The aim of this paper was to determine if there is any link between primary prevention and early detection for skin cancer. Results from a study of a large random sample of Gold Coast residents (N = 995) identified an association (P < 0.01) between individual primary prevention and early detection activities. People were also more likely to use both prevention methods if they had personal experience with skin cancer (P = 0.01) or if they were male (P = 0.05). Future primary prevention and early detection skin cancer programs might be most effective if they are combined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An evaluation strategy for the early detection of postoperative delirium.

The aim of the present study was to identify clinical signs detective of the postoperative delirium at the early stage for nursing management. A total of 66 inpatients undergoing cardiac surgery were interviewed using the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) and NEECHAM Confusion Scale (NCS) preoperatively and on days 1 and 3 postoperatively. The mean onset of delirium occurred on postoperative day 1.3. Development of delirium was detected early by cognitive impairments in the DRS subscales of perceptual disturbance, hallucination, and cognitive status, and the NCS subscales of attention, command, orientation, and verbal skill. These results suggest that assessment of cognitive status on postoperative day is an important strategy in the early detection of postoperative delirium.

Confusion↗
PubMed1997

Early detection of apoptosis using a fluorescent conjugate of annexin V.

Apoptosis of mammalian cells is accompanied by various morphological changes including nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and cell surface changes. Methods developed over the past few years have focused on detection of DNA-associated changes that occur rather late in apoptosis. However, detection of apoptosis at early stages, before gross morphological changes, is critical for understanding the pathways of programmed cell death. In this report, we describe a rapid and reliable assay for detecting early stages of apoptosis. This assay is based on the observation that soon after initiating apoptosis, most mammalian cell types translocate phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the cell surface. Once on the cell surface, PS can be specifically detected by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled annexin V (annexin V-FITC), a protein with a strong, natural affinity for PS. Using this assay, we have detected apoptotic cells in culture, in real time, using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. In combination with vital dye staining, the progressive stages of apoptosis were observed. PS redistribution occurs earlier than DNA-associated changes and membrane leakage. In addition, PS externalization occurs during apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. Therefore, the annexin V binding assay provides an excellent indicator for the early stages of apoptosis.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed1976

A procedure for the early detection of noise-susceptible individuals.

Currently used threshold audiograms fail to detect the early stages of noise-induced hearing impairment. Threshold shifts may reach 10 to 15 dB before the impairment is detected. Loudness difference limen and critical band phenomena should provide an earlier and more sensitive test for such hearing impairment.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1983

Role of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease.

The efficacy of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in the early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease was evaluated in 38 subjects. The subjects included 5 non-smokers, 21 smokers with minimal or no respiratory symptoms and 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Each subject consented to a respiratory questionnaire, detailed physical examination, chest X-ray examinations, detailed pulmonary function tests and 99mTc-radio aerosol-inhalation lung imaging. Perfusion lung imaging with 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin was performed in 22 subjects. A significant correlation (P less than 0.001) was observed between the degree of abnormalities on radio-aerosol imaging and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate and mean transit time analysis. Abnormal radio-aerosol patterns and deranged PFTs were observed in 21 subjects each. Of 21 subjects with abnormal radioaerosol pattern 8 had normal PFTs. Of 21 subjects with abnormal PFTs 8 had normal aerosol images. Aerosol lung images and PFTs were abnormal more frequently than perfusion lung images. The results suggest that radio-aerosol lung imaging is as sensitive an indicator as PFTs for early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease and can be usefully combined with PFTs for early detection of alteration in pulmonary physiology in smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Early detection and prevention of diabetic nephropathy: a challenge calling for mandatory action for Mexico and the developing world.

During the last decades, developing countries have experienced an epidemiologic transition characterized by a reduction of infectious diseases and an increase of chronic degenerative diseases. This situation is generating tormenting public health, financial, and social consequences. Of particular relevance is type 2 diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, particularly cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy, because mortality of the patient with diabetes is, in most instances, related to these complications. There is a clear need to implement diagnostic and treatment strategies to reduce risk factors for development of diabetes (primary prevention), to detect risk factors of chronic complications in early stages of diabetes (secondary prevention), and to prevent further progression of those that already have renal injury (tertiary prevention). Microalbuminuria is an early marker of renal injury in diabetes, and its early detection can help the timely use of renal preventive measures, which would avoid the extremely high costs of renal replacement treatment for end-stage renal disease as well as that of other cardiovascular complications. Preventive strategies are of very little or no impact, if the primary physician has limited knowledge about the natural history of diabetic nephropathy, the beneficial effect of early preventive maneuvers for delaying its progression, and the social and economic impact of end-stage renal disease. It is therefore imperative to assure in our health systems that general practitioners have the ability and commitment to detect early diabetes complications, in order to promote actions that support regression or retard highly morbid cardiovascular and renal conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of early detection of breast cancer in Great Britain (author's transl)].

A large-scale trial of methods of early detection of breast cancer has been started in Great Britain. This non-randomized trial aims to compare breast cancer mortality over several years among women aged 45-64 years who have been offered various services for early detection of breast cancer. A quantitative assessment of benefits (lives saved) and costs (unnecessary surgery, radiation hazard, and use of health service resources) will be made. A total population of over 250,000 women living in eight districts is being studied in the trial. In two districts the women are invited for annual screening by clinical examination and mammography; in two other districts they are invited to teaching sessions to learn breast self-examination. The remaining four districts, with a population of 120,000 women, serve as a comparison and have no extra services beyond conventional diagnostic facilities. A register of all breast histology among these women has been set up, and, for those who have breast cancer, details of diagnosis, treatment and annual follow-up are recorded. All changes to the population are noted, and the cause of all deaths recorded. Factors influencing acceptance of early detection programmes, and the sensitivity and specificity of different screening methods are being studied. Mortality rates from breast cancer in the three types of population (screening, self-examination and comparison groups) will be the main index of effectiveness, but other questions relative to evaluation of screening, such as lead-time natural history of pre-invasive neoplasia, and identification of high-risk women, will also be assessed.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Development and validation of a plasma miRNA-CEA biomarker panel for early detection of lung cancer.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring the critical need for early detection to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a plasma microRNA biomarker panel for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer in a Japanese cohort. We enrolled 525 participants, comprising 261 LC cases and 264 non-LC controls, divided into optimization and validation cohorts. A 12-miRNA panel was optimized and further combined with CEA to enhance diagnostic performance. The miRNA-alone model demonstrated robust performance in both the optimization (AUC = 77.0%) and validation cohorts (AUC = 77.9%). Integration with CEA significantly improved accuracy, achieving AUCs of 86.2% in optimization and 84.9% in validation, with particularly high performance in late-stage cancers (AUC = 94.4%) and squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 90.7%). Sensitivity and specificity thresholds were evaluated, enabling model customization for diverse clinical scenarios. These findings highlight the potential of the miRNA-CEA panel as a minimally invasive tool for early LC detection, especially in non-smoking populations.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Attitude of family of psychiatric patients to psychiatric research, especially to early detection of schizophrenic psychoses].

OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes of relatives of mentally ill patients to psychiatric research, especially to early detection of schizophrenic psychosis, and to evaluate the potential stigmatization effect of an early diagnosis of schizophrenic psychosis. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to relatives of mentally ill patients, all members of a self-help group in Switzerland. They were asked to answer structured questions about their personal attitude to psychiatric research in general, their willingness to support an affected person to participate in a research project, their attitude to early detection of schizophrenia and to the potential stigmatization of an early diagnosis. RESULTS: 88% of the relatives (n = 200) have a positive attitude to research in psychiatry. 47% would support their affected family member to participate in a research project whereas 39% would not. 52.5% fully share the expectation of psychiatric research to attain a better course by earlier detection of psychosis, 24.5% tend to agree. 20.5% of the respondents indicate a fear of stigmatization for the affected by earlier diagnosis, while 12% fear stigmatization for themselves. CONCLUSIONS: A surprising fact is the positive attitude of relatives to psychiatric research in general, but also to early detection of schizophrenic psychosis. But this cannot lead to the conclusion that relatives are supporting the participation of an affected family member in research. The small number of relatives that fears a stigmatization by earlier diagnosis of schizophrenic psychosis shows that stigmatization depends on other factors than the diagnosis, i.e. psychiatric hospitalization or medication side effects. These findings encourage psychiatric research to increase knowledge of the early phase of schizophrenia in favor of patients and their relatives.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early detection of genital chlamydial infection in women: an economic evaluation.

A decision analysis model was constructed for comparison of early detection of asymptomatic genital chlamydial infection in women by the direct immunofluorescence antibody (DFA) test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with no intervention. Early-detection programs using the DFA test and ELISA were shown to be cost-effective in female populations where the prevalences of chlamydial infection exceeded 6% and 7%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the two most important factors were the probability of developing pelvic inflammatory disease and the cost of the test. The DFA method was more appropriate for an early-detection program because of its higher sensitivity.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1981

[Early detection of lung cancer. Possibilities--limits--organization].

The aim of early detection of lung cancer is to detect patients in a resectable stage. Immunological methods don't solve this problem as yet. The only procedure which has some efficiency now, is the control of risk groups by periodic chest radiography. The improvement of the screening modalities is proposed. The development of sputum cytology for early detection of lung tumors with central localization is a problem of high research priority.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prostate-specific antigen and early detection of prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is biochemically a 33-kDa serine protease and is the prototype of tumor marker most useful in investigating basic science and clinical application of prostate cancer. As an immunohistopathological marker, PSA is especially effective in the identification of distant metastatic prostate carcinoma and in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder from prostate carcinoma. As a serologic marker, PSA is most useful in staging, monitoring and in early detection of recurrent disease. The greatest value of PSA is as a screening aid along with digital rectal examination for early detection of prostate cancer. PSA-based screening tests have been performed in various regions of the world and have yielded prostate cancer detection rates proportional to that of incidence rates in the countries. Most significantly, PSA detects early nonpalpable prostate cancer. Approximately 85% of the prostate tumors detected through PSA have the clinical features associated with medically important cancer. Further, a majority of the tumors, 70%, are confined to the organ. Although the issues of cost-benefit and increase in ultimate survival rate are still being evaluated in two large-scale randomized national trials, timely and definitive therapies of these potentially lethal tumors can result in high cure rate and improve the quality of patients' life.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1994

Enhancing the early detection of melanoma within current guidelines.

Queensland has the highest reported incidence of malignant melanoma in the world, and early detection offers the possibility of reducing the burden of this cancer in the short term. We report on a survey of 995 residents of the Gold Coast, Queensland, regarding behavioural aspects of the early detection of skin cancer. Survey results suggest that although many people report some form of skin examination behaviour, by either checking their own skin, having another nonmedical person check their skin, or by going to their general practitioner for a skin check, much of this activity may be inadequate. They indicate that current early detection could be enhanced by encouraging individuals and general practitioners to extend the coverage of the examinations they already conduct.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health responsibility and workplace health promotion among women: early detection of cancer.

The importance of health responsibility as one aspect of a health-promoting lifestyle has been emphasized repeatedly. Yet there are only a few empirical studies of its role in preventive behavior. We examined the relationship between health responsibility and early-detection practices for breast and cervical cancer. A group of 253 women employees of a large industrial company participated in a cancer screening program subsidized by the employer. They completed questionnaires assessing health responsibility and reported early-detection practices: frequency of breast self-examination and physician breast examinations, frequency of Pap tests, and time lapsed since last Pap test and breast examinations. Health responsibility was a significant independent predictor of breast examination indicators but not of Pap tests. Education level was an important predictor for Pap tests, and age predicted most early-detection practices. The findings lend some support to the role of health responsibility in initiating breast examinations. Better prediction of early-detection practices could be achieved by adding cognitive and emotional components to the existing responsibility scale and by distinguishing between retrospective and prospective responsibility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks: recommendations from the CDC Working Group.

The threat of terrorism and high-profile disease outbreaks has drawn attention to public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks. State and local health departments are enhancing existing surveillance systems and developing new systems to better detect outbreaks through public health surveillance. However, information is limited about the usefulness of surveillance systems for outbreak detection or the best ways to support this function. This report supplements previous guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Use of this framework is intended to improve decision-making regarding the implementation of surveillance for outbreak detection. Use of a standardized evaluation methodology, including description of system design and operation, also will enhance the exchange of information regarding methods to improve early detection of outbreaks. The framework directs particular attention to the measurement of timeliness and validity for outbreak detection. The evaluation framework is designed to support assessment and description of all surveillance approaches to early detection, whether through traditional disease reporting, specialized analytic routines for aberration detection, or surveillance using early indicators of disease outbreaks, such as syndromic surveillance.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of routine annual esophagram for early detection of carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to achieve increased survival rates for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, early detection of the disease is vital. Serial esophagrams were evaluated to clarify which interval would be effective for early detection of carcinoma of the esophagus during routine examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were grouped into three, according to the experience and the time of the previous roentgenograms before the definite diagnosis. RESULTS: Five patients were in Group 1, in which roentgenographic examination had been done within 12 months prior to the diagnosis. Retrospective observation revealed a slight but certain abnormal shadow at the same location as the esophageal tumor seen on the second films. In Group 2, seven had received an esophagram between 12 and 24 months before the diagnosis. In contrast to Group 1, neither abnormality nor findings indicating esophageal tumors were detected on the former x-ray films, in all seven cases. Group 2 was characterized by relatively small tumors and low stage of the disease. Mean tumor length was 4.1 +/- 2.9 cm, and three of seven were classified as Stage I and two as Stage IIA. On the other hand, most of the 177 patients in Group 3, with no previous examination of the esophagus within 24 months before the diagnosis, had far advanced disease. Mean tumor length was 6.3 +/- 2.6 cm. Only nine (5.1%) were classified as Stage I, whereas 115 (65.0%) were classified as Stage III or IV. CONCLUSION: In light of these data, for populations in which esophageal cancer frequently occurs, esophageal examination every 12 months will no doubt contribute towards the early detection of lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Early detection of Parkinson's disease. Implications for treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is characterised by cardinal clinical features and specific pathological findings. It is possible to detect PD early on in the course of the disease, and certain laboratory studies may identify preclinical stages. Based on this information, and the hypothesis that there is a long preclinical period, there appears to be a window of opportunity to influence the natural course of the disease. Postulates regarding pathogenesis, such as oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, have led to the discovery of abnormal mitochondrial function in PD and a search for biochemical markers. Functional imaging studies have detected subclinical nigral dopaminergic dysfunction in individuals at risk of developing PD. Current symptomatic therapies are aimed at enhancing dopaminergic transmission. However, some commonly used PD medications may have alternative actions with both symptomatic and neuroprotective consequences. Bromocriptine has been postulated to have antioxidant effects and amantadine to have N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonistic properties. Both have been reported to be associated with improved survival in PD. Additionally, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors may provide neuroprotection. Recent new medications are also under study with regard to neuroprotection. Despite these advances, until there is a better understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD, there will be no definitive long-term benefit of early diagnosis and treatment of PD.

Antiparkinson Agents↗