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PubMedDate not supplied

Sudden cardiac deaths and ventricular extrasystoles on days with four levels of geomagnetic activity.

Four hundred and eighty sudden deaths were studied on 4009 consecutive days from 1976-1986, according to each of 4 levels of geomagnetic activity. Ventricular extrasystoles (VPCs) recorded by 24-hour Holter monitoring were studied on 364 days. 211 cardiac outpatients were studied. It was shown that both sudden deaths and VPCs were significantly more frequent on days with the lowest/quiet level of geomagnetic activity.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac↗
PubMed1989

The contribution of an extrasystole to postextrasystolic potentiation in papillary muscles of guinea pigs.

It is well known that a short rest period during the regular stimulation of isolated cardiac muscle induces a transient increase of subsequent twitch tension, although the mechanism of postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) is still unclear. This paper is concerned with the contribution of an extrasystole to the PESP using isolated papillary muscle of guinea pigs. We have found that the length of the coupling interval of the extra-stimulation prior to the rest interval affected the degree of PESP in a coupling interval-dependent way at the same rest period, and the PESP of the same coupling ratio increased and decreased at the rest period was prolonged. Theophylline increased the strength of steady-state twitch tensions, whereas the dependency of PESP on a coupling ratio of extra-stimulation was removed and the PESP decreased with prolonged rest periods. The evidence suggests that the coupling ratio of extra-stimulation might vary the relative contributions of trans-sarcolemmal Ca influx and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A method for the individual choice of anti-arrhythmia preparations in extrasystole].

Pharmacological analysis of arrhythmogenesis was approved in 60 patients with ventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia (EA). Individual choice of anti-arrhythmia agents (AAA) was realized by successive drug-induced block of slow calcium cancels by isoptin and rapid sodium channel by class I AAA. Changes of arrhythmogenesis were registered electrocardiographically. Acute tests with isoptin revealed a good antiarrhythmic effect in 46.67%, with AAA--in 30%. It is concluded that methods of pharmacological analysis of arrhythmogenesis widely used in experimental cardiology may be used in the clinic for individual choice of AAA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-arrhythmic effectiveness of neogilurhythmal in extrasystolic arrhythmia].

The paper provides the results of differential neogilurythmal therapy in 20 patients with high-grade atrial and ventricular premature contractions in the presence of coronary heart disease. The detection of cardiac arrhythmias and evaluation of the antiarrhythmic efficacy of neogilurythmal were performed by Holter monitoring and transesophageal electrophysiological study. After the baseline studies, the antiarrhythmic efficacy of the drug was evaluated during an acute drug test and then during a 8-day course of the therapy. In the acute drug test, the dose of neogilurythmal was 50% of the daily dosage. The studies indicated that neogilurythmal in a dose of 80 mg/day was beneficial in affecting both the atrial and ventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia. The agent failed to alter heart rate, sinus nodal function and atrioventricular conduction. Thus, neogilurythmal is low toxic and produces no adverse effects when given in the definite dosage range.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of combined application of nitrogen baths and 6 month physical training on physical work capacity and extrasystole in patients with ischemic heart disease and stable stenocardia].

AIM: To study effects of combined use of general artificial nitric baths and bicycle exercise for 6 months on physical performance (PP) and extrasystole (ES) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) of functional class I-II. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 129 CHD with SAP patients entered the study. Of them, 44 patients received balneotherapy (a course of general artificial nitric baths); 37 patients took the baths and exercised on bicycle ergometer; 48 patients took the baths, exercised on bicycle ergometer in the outpatient clinic and continued the exercises for 6 months. The patients were examined with spiroveloergometry and ambulatory Holter ECG monitoring. RESULTS: The latter group of patients achieved the highest training effect manifesting with increased PP and coronary heart reserve, an antiarrhythmic effect (a 73.3% fall in the mean number of ventricular ES for 24 hours, a 72.2% one in this number of supraventricular ES). CONCLUSION: A significant efficacy is shown of combined use of general nitric baths and bicycle exercise with prolongation for 6 months in CHD patients and SAP of functional class I-II with ES.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1990

[Electro-vectorcardiographic study of ventricular extrasystole in arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle].

The morphology of ventricular extrasystole (VES) in 46 cases of arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle (ADRV) was correlated with the point of origin located by intracavitary mapping. The cases concerned 41 of left bundle-branch block (LBB) with various axes on the frontal plane (FP), 4 of right bundle-branch block (RBB), and 5 of atypical morphology (frontal plane shifted inferiorly and increased R from V1 to V6; on the horizontal plane, clockwise rotation of the loop oriented anteriorly and leftward). There is a good correlation with the site of origin: VESs which were LBB in appearance originated in the right ventricle (apex, septum, infundibulum); VESs which were RBB in appearance originated in the apex of the left ventricle, while the atypical VESs started in the upper posterior septum. A study of morphology may therefore also give an indication of the location of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Rhythmic inotropic phenomena in ventricular extrasystoles].

Mechanic activity of the heart was examined in 310 patients of different age groups with ventricular premature heart beat. Tetrapolar impedance rheocardiography was used to study postextrasystolic potentiation and mechanic restitution. It is shown that mechanic restitution is a sensitive indicator of heart failure. The time of complete restitution progressively increases with developing heart failure. With progression of heart failure, postextrasystolic potentiation increases. The authors describe potentiation and mechanic restitution in children. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of an analysis of postextrasystolic potentiation and mechanic restitution of heart contractility only with regard to concrete correlations between durations of the pre-extrasystolic and postextrasystolic intervals. Provided the method of determining postextrasystolic potentiation and mechanic restitution is adhered to, these indicators can be used in comprehensive assessment of heart failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Rhythmographic analysis of atrial extrasystole in patients with sick sinus syndrome].

The comparative analysis of 141 electrocardiograms showing premature atrial contraction from 43 patients with the sick sinus syndrome and 19 subjects with normal sinus nodal function revealed new electrocardiographic signs suggesting sinus dysfunction: an increase in the postextrasystolic pause by more than 135% of the preextrasystolic interval; greater full compensatory pause values; extrasystolic appearance of a full compensatory pause with the coupling interval of less than 68% of the presystolic interval; an increase in the sinus cycle followed the postextrasystolic pause by greater than 50 msec. The proposed criteria show a 5.7-fold increase in the informative value of ECG analysis in the diagnosis of the sick sinus syndrome in premature atrial contraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Anti-arrhythmia effect of long-term encainide in chronic ventricular extrasystole].

The long term efficacy and tolerance of encainide were studied in 48 patients with chronic/ventricular extrasystoles (VES) treated for 6 months. Holter monitoring was performed before treatment and at each dose increment (75 mg/day; 150 mg/day and 225 mg/day) during the first week of titration, and then after 1 month and 6 months of treatment. The dose administered in the long-term study corresponded to the minimum effective dose during the titration phase (the dose which reduced the number of VES/24 hours by at least 75%). The average number of VES/hour decreased significantly from 480.6 before treatment to 2.0 at the end of the study. The frequency of episodes of ventricular tachycardia decreased significantly during treatment. The commonest side effects were vertigo, visual disturbances and headaches. Treatment was interrupted because of side-effects or inefficacy in 6 patients. The surface ECG showed significant lengthening of the PR, QRS and QTc periods and encainide appeared to have aggravated the ventricular arrhythmias of 4 patients receiving 200 mg/day. The plasma concentrations of encainide and its two principal metabolites were measured during the titration phase, at 1 month and after 6 months of treatment. 15.6 per cent of patients were slow and 84.4% of patients were rapid metabolizers. The wide individual variations of plasma concentrations and the absence of correlation between the plasma concentrations of encainide and its metabolites and the antiarrhythmic effect suggest that the compound and its metabolites play a role in the antiarrhythmic effect of the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Regional differences in frequency-corrected QT duration in multi-electrode ECG in ventricular extrasystole].

Issuing from the pathophysiological significance of a prolongation of the QT-time for the diagnostics and therapy of ventricular arrhythmias examinations on 15 patients with ventricular extrasystoles by means of multi-electrode-ECG are demonstrated in comparison to 10 test persons with healthy heart. 2 regions on the thoracic surface with significant prolongation of the QT-time in the group of patients are described: Regio hypochondriaca parasternally left and left posterior axillary line at the level of the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebral body.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of the efficacy of propafenone and amiodarone in the treatment of chronic ventricular extrasystole].

30 patients (mean age 56 +/- 18 years) suffering from multiple ventricular extrasystoles (VES) of various origin, like ischemic, hypertensive, valvular and congenital cardiopathy, and arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, were treated during 12 days by a daily dose of 900 mg of propafenone (15 cases) or 600 mg of amiodarone (15 cases). The study was randomized and a portable ECG was used for 24 h. At the time of entering into the study (H0) the patients were without any therapy. The mean total number of VES was 16,878 +/- 9,212 in the propafenone group (2,062 +/- 2,342 of them being repetitive) and 19,497 +/- 7,930 in the amiodarone group (2,907 +/- 3,615 of them being repetitive). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant, even with the use of Holter (H1) ECG monitoring one week later. After 12 days of treatment (H2) a significant decrease in the number of total VES was noted: by 78% with propafenone (76% isolated and 89% repetitive VES) and by 77% with amiodarone (74% isolated and 91% repetitive VES). The difference between the effect of the two drugs was not significative. After 12 days of wash-out (H3) the number of VES returned to initial values with propafenone but not with amiodarone where the values were still decreased after 82 days of wash-out (H4). Both drugs produced significant bradycardia which was more apparent and more spread out during the nyctohemeral with amiodarone. Propafenone affected rather the maximal and diurnal frequencies. No correlation was found between the bradycardic and antiarrhythmic effect. Amiodarone was well tolerated and propafenone produced minor digestive and neurosensory troubles in about half the cases, only in one patient a more pronounced arrhythmogenic effect was observed. In conclusion, the efficacy and the good hemodynamic tolerance of the two drugs was found to be similar in the short-term treatment of chronic, isolated or repetitive VES, irrespective of their etiology.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of the anti-arrhythmic activity of carbamazepine, novocainamide and obzidan in ventricular extrasystole].

Twenty-six patients with different diseases of the myocardium complicated by ventricular extrasystole were studied by means of intermittent 24-hour ECG-monitoring using the "Malysh" apparatus. Control of treatment was performed on the 4th-6th day. Carbamazepine effect was observed in 2/3 of patients and significantly exceeded effects of obzidan and novocainamide. No direct relationship was revealed between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic parameters of carbamazepine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effectiveness of alpha-methyldopa in complex ventricular extrasystole by inhibition of central sympathetic activity].

Twelve patients (11 men, 1 woman) suffering from coronary heart disease, with a mean age of 59 +/- 9 years, were examined before and after 2 weeks of treatment with alpha-methyldopa by means of a 24-hour ECG. Statistical evaluation of the 24-hour analysis of ventricular arrhythmias revealed a decrease of the ventricular extrasystoles from 1605 +/- 2088 to 385 +/- 291 (p less than 0.01). A similar result was also found for couplets, which decreased significantly from 25 +/- 46 to 1.0 +/- 1.5 after treatment with alpha-methyldopa. Statistical evaluation of the maximal grade of arrhythmias according to Lown's classification showed a significant improvement in the Lown grades from 4.2 to 3.2 in all patients (p less than 0.001). Ventricular tachycardia, present in 5 of 12 patients, were prevented in all cases by alpha-methyldopa.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of the effectiveness of mexitil in the treatment of patients with extrasystole in old and advanced age].

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and action of mexitil on minute volume, myocardial function and vegetative regulation of cardiac activity were studied in 25 patients aged 60-89 years, suffering from chronic IHD with stable ventricular extrasystoles. With mexitil dosage of 400-600 mg orally per day there was a marked antiarrhythmic effect in 68% of patients. A similar effect in 64% of patients was observed with a single dose of mexitil (300 mg orally per day) as early as 1-2 h after its administration and maintained for 8-10 h. The above dose of mexitil produced a statistically significant slowing down of cardiac rhythm without changing atrioventricular conductivity. No effect of mexitil on arterial blood pressure was found, nor did it exert cardiodepressive action or any purposeful effect on the vegetative regulation of the heart.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamic prognostic significance of ventricular extrasystole in patients with a history of myocardial infarct].

Prognostic value of ventricular extrasystoles was assessed by round-the-clock Holter's ECG monitoring at different dates after myocardial infarction. Correlation between complex ventricular arrhythmias and poor vital prognosis was more obvious 1 month after myocardial infarction than it was 12 months after the infarction. Recurrent ventricular arrhythmias were associated with the poorest vital prognosis.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature↗
PubMed1987

Mechanically induced ventricular extrasystoles in the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart. A model to study cardiac arrhythmia and to differentiate antiarrhythmic drugs.

Pressure pulses applied to an isolated perfused guinea-pig heart via underwater hydrodynamic pressure waves during early diastole induce ventricular extrasystoles (VES). Intensity of pulse pressure and number of VES in relation to number of stimuli show a narrow and reproducible relation following a sigmoid function. Thus we were able to establish a pressure dose-response function between hydrodynamic peak pressure and percentage of VES-responses to mechanical stimulation. In overriding the natural heart rate a ventricular rhythm can be maintained for several hours. In the hypoxic or anoxic heart repetitive automatism can be induced by pulse pressure stimulus. In severe ischemia ventricular fibrillation may occur. In this model differentiation between various classes of antiarrhythmic drugs seems possible in setting up pressure dose-response curves for different concentrations of these drugs. The inhibition of VES is limited to class I antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine, lidocaine) while specific Ca-antagonists (class IV) are ineffective, thus showing that induction of VES is mediated by a Na channel-dependent process. Preliminary data show that these results can be extended to in situ experiments using an external mechanical stimulator.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Changes in the sinus beat following extrasystole as evidenced by the Holter ECG].

In order to establish the nature and extent of alterations of a sinus beat following a ventricular extrasystole (VES), all two-channel Holter ECGs from 1984-86 were analyzed retrospectively. All passages suspicious for T wave alterations in the miniaturized ECG were written with 25 mm/sec paper speed and the sinus beats before and after a VES were compared (without interposed VES and ventricular tachycardia). In 57 men and 43 women, 100 ECGs were found with monomorphic (25%) or polymorphic (75%) VES. On the basis of clinical, noninvasive diagnostic procedures, 65 patients had cardiovascular disease. In 42 patients from all those investigated, alterations of the T wave of the postextrasystolic sinus beat were seen. These took the form of flattening in 62%, a rise in 26% and inversion of the T wave in 12% (chiefly on channel 2). While the ST segment and the U wave were always unaltered, a shortening of PQ was observed in 40%. These alterations in the T wave and the PQ time do not allow a distinction between persons with and without cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗