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PubMed1985

Experimental porcine eperythrozoonosis: T-lymphocyte suppression and misdirected immune responses.

Immune responses and hematologic alterations were investigated in splenectomized pigs after IM inoculation with Eperythrozoon suis. Early hematologic alterations were massive parasitism of RBC, severe hypoglycemia, moderate bilirubinemia, and mild anemia; later findings included severe anemia, minimal parasitism of RBC, spontaneous agglutination of RBC at 25 C and 4 C which was reversible at 37 C, transient thrombocytopenia, and mild bilirubinemia. The humoral immune responses consisting of a transitory hyperglobulinemia and increase of indirect hemagglutination (IHA) titers against E suis were attributed to immunoglobulin M cold agglutinins. Cell-mediated immune responses, measured by phytohemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, were reduced after massive parasitemia. Blastogenesis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide mitogen was increased before the hyperglobulinemia and an increase in IHA titer. There was an increase in the uptake of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes cultured without mitogens after the decline in total globulin concentration and IHA titer.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗

PubMed1967

Exacerbation of latent erythrocytic infections in deer following splenectomy.

Eight adult deer and 4 fawns, from wild populations, were splenectomized and observed for evidence of hemo-parasitic relapses. The animals were maintained indoors under tick-free conditions and in the absence of known arthropod vectors. Following splenectomy 2 adult deer and 2 fawns developed acute Eperythrozoon infections, 3 adult deer developed acute Theileria infections, 2 adult deer developed a demonstrable Anaplasma marginale parasitemia, and 1 adult deer exhibited a low level parasitemia of a plasmodial-like intraerythrocytic parasite. The remaining deer failed to develop a parasitemia following splenectomy. In the absence of a specific parasitemia no drop occurred in packed cell volume following splenectomy.

Anaplasmosis↗

PubMed1984

[A contribution on splenectomy in swine].

Splenectomy as a diagnostic operation has gained great importance for discovering latent infection with Eperythrozoon suis. The surgical technique is described. A specially developed thread ligature guide for the ligature of the A. and V. lienalis at the dorsal pole of the spleen is presented, that allows exact setting of the ligature. For maintaining deep anaesthesia the hypnotic Etomidat is applicated by permanent infusion.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗

PubMed1982

Hemoparasitism, humoral immunodeficiency, and an IgG1 fragment in a cow.

An adult cow with nonregenerative anemia was found to be infected with Eperythrozoon wenyoni and Trypanosoma theileri. Further laboratory testing revealed hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, decreased numbers of circulating B lymphocytes, and presence of a serum immunoglobulin G1 fragment. Reduced B-lymphocyte regions in lymphoid tissue, evidence of chronic nephritis, and infection with Fasciola hepatica and Sarcocystis spp were found at necropsy. The cause of the acquired humoral immunodeficiency and the serum immunoglobulin G1 fragment was undetermined.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗

PubMed1978

[Protozoa of small mammals in the Neusiedlersee region].

During the years 1975 and 1976, 169 mammals (26 species) were investigated for their parasites. It was possible to recognise 33 different species of protozoans, belonging to the following genera: Trypanosoma, Giardia, Hexamita, Entamoeba, Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma Frenkelia, Hepatozoon, Babesia, Balantidium, Pneumocytis, Grahamella, Eperythrozoon.--Epidemiology and eventual pathogenic effects are briefly discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detecting Trypanosoma vivax in South American cattle.

The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) as used in Africa for detecting bovine trypanosomiasis was adapted for use in South America and evaluated. Antigen consisted of Trypanosoma vivax laden bovine blood fixed in a 60 : 40 : : acetone : methanol solution. The test detected initial titres of 1 : 50 and 1 : 100 at an average of 13.1 and 15.9 days post parasitaemia (PP). Maximum titres as high as 1 : 400 developed in eight calves at an average of 23.4 days PP. In another calf, 109 days PP were required. Efficacy in detecting sero-positive calves throughout the course of infection was 81.1 and 96.4 per cent at serum dilutions of 1 : 100 and 1 : 50 respectively. No false positive reactions occurred when sera from 36 haemoparasite-free calves were tested. Cross reactivity did not occur when sera from calves singularly infected with Trypanosoma theileri, T evansi, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia argentina, B bigemina and Eperythrozoon spp were similarly tested in the IFAT. No significant differences were found in IFAT results of surveys in which both conventional serum samples and sera eluted from dried blood samples on filter paper from the same calf were used.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Eperythrozoonosis in sheep].

In 1990/91 eperythrozoonosis in the sheep was seen in our clinic for the first time. In 10 animals out of 4 flocks infection with Eperythrozoon ovis was diagnosed. Most of the animals showed a transient parasitaemia with a temporary anaemia. A chronic high grade parasitaemia and anaemia were produced in one sheep by splenectomy. This animal showed haemoglobinuria following a haemolytic attack. In a lamb a high grade chronic parasitaemia occurred spontaneously. The parasitaemia lasted for over 7 months, and the lamb eventually died.

Anemia↗

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