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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[A case of tuberculous lymphadenitis found as an abdominal mass penetrating the duodenum].

A 42-year-old woman who complained of epigastralgia was referred to our hospital because of an abdominal mass found by ultrasonography. CT and MRI scans revealed that the abdominal mass, 4 cm in diameter, located on the left side of the right kidney. Gastroduodenoscopy detected a deep ulcerative lesion covered with a yellowish coat in the second portion of duodenum. A sonolucent area at the bottom of the ulcerative lesion seemed to expand to the abdominal mass on ultrasonic endoscopy. Tuberculosis was one possible differential diagnosis. Pathological examination including Ziehl-Neelsen staining using biopsy specimens taken from the bottom of the ulcerative lesion did not show tuberculosis infection. However, polymerase chain reaction analysis using the biopsy specimens revealed that gene expression of tuberculosis was positive. We determined that tuberculous lymphadenitis penetrated the duodenum forming an ulcerative lesion in the duodenum. The administration of anti-tubercular medicine for 6 months male the abdominal mass disappeared and the duodenal ulcerative lesion formed an ulcer scar. We report here a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis penetrating the duodenum which was successfully treated by conservative therapy without surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of the ascorbic acid supplementation on NADH-diaphorase myenteric neurons in the duodenum of diabetic rats.

We assessed the ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the myenteric neurons in the duodenum of rats. Fifteen rats with 90 days of age were divided into three groups: control (C), diabetics (D) and ascorbic acid treated diabetics (DA). After 120 days of daily treatment with AA, the duodenum was submitted to the NADH-diaphorase (NADH-d) histochemical technique, which allowed us to evaluate the neuronal density in an area of 8.96 mm2 for each duodenum, and also to measure the cellular profile area of 500 neurons per group. The supplementation promoted an increase on AA levels. The neuronal density (p < 0.05) was higher in the group DA when compared to group D. There were no significant differences in the neuronal areas, when we compared groups C (204 +/- 16.5) and D (146.3 +/- 35.84) to groups D and DA (184.5 +/- 5.6) (p > 0.05). The AA-supplementation avoided the density reduction of the NADHd myenteric neurons in the duodenum of diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Motor effect of neurokinins on the rat duodenum: evidence for the involvement of substance K and substance P receptors.

The motor effects of kassinin (KAS), substance P (SP) or neurokinin A (NKA) on rat duodenum have been investigated in vivo (urethane anesthesia) or in vitro. Intravenous neurokinins produced a phasic contraction of the duodenum that was unaffected by atropine, hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin. KAS, NKA and SP were almost equieffective in producing this phasic contraction. In addition KAS and NKA (but not SP) induced a tonic contraction with a superimposed series of rhythmic contractions. SP did not produce tonic or rhythmic contractions even in doses producing maximal effects on blood pressure. The KAS-induced tonic and rhythmic contractions were unaffected by atropine or hexamethonium and potentiated markedly by tetrodotoxin. Similar findings were obtained after topical application of neurokinins on the outer surface of the duodenum in vivo or recording the mechanical response of the longitudinal muscle in vitro. The phasic component of the KAS- or SP-induced contraction was reduced selectively, both in vivo and in vitro by [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]SP, an SP antagonist. It is concluded that two types of receptors mediate the motor effects of neurokinins in the rat duodenum, one of which is of the SP-P type and is mainly involved in producing the phasic contraction. The other receptor is of the SP-K type and mediates mainly the tonic contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The role of Treitz' ligament in regulating the evacuation of solid food from the duodenum].

In the chronic experiments on dogs by means of modified method of multiple drainage of the intestinal fistulas, the effect of the Treitz ligament transection on dynamics of solid carbohydrate food evacuation from the duodenum was studied. It was established that in the norm, evacuation from the duodenum was submitted to exponential law and depended on absolute quantity of food evacuated from the stomach. After the Treitz ligament transection, the evacuation through intestine had a non-exponential character. The operation led to disturbance in co-ordination between evacuatory function of the stomach and that of duodenum, and also had the depressive effect on intestinal emptying. The conclusion is made of the functional role of the Treitz ligament as active regulator of solid food evacuation from the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The duodenum. Part 1: History, embryogenesis, and histologic and physiologic features.

Long before the Christian era, the duodenum was named and its function in controlling gastric emptying was conjectured. It received almost no further attention until the Eighteenth century when its relation to the bile and pancreatic ducts became know. The embryogenesis of the duodenum and the histological features of the organ are described as well as the gross movements that explain the mature relations of the duodenum to the surrounding structures. The "sphincters" of the duodenum are mentioned and evaluated.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1989

Computerized morphometric analysis of the chick embryo duodenum organogenesis.

A computerized morphometric analysis was performed on histological sections of the proximal and distal limbs of the chick embryo duodenum, from the 8th to the 15th day of incubation, with the aim of evaluating the quantitative aspects of organogenesis. A semiautomatic digital system was used. The areas of total section, of the lumen, of the wall and of its components (subserous stratum, muscle layer, lamina propria, epithelium) and the thickness of the epithelium and muscle layer were measured; the mean +/- S.E.M. of the values obtained was calculated. The percentage of shrinkage, due to the histological procedures, was calculated for each day. The values obtained were added to the measurements of each area and thickness thus giving the true value of each parameter measured. The differences between the mean values of the areas of the proximal and the distal tract were statistically evaluated. Exponential curves and r coefficient were determined to evaluate the general growing pattern of the mean area of the components of the duodenal wall, as a function of age. The main results are the following: the areas of the wall components of the proximal limb are always greater than the corresponding areas of the distal limb of the duodenum. There are some differences between the proximal and the distal limbs of the duodenum in the growing pattern of the intestinal wall components. The anlage of the duodenum also has a different developmental pattern compared with that of the chick embryo ileum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in patients with severe chronic pancreatitis.

A duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was carried out in 57 patients with chronic pancreatitis and a benign tumorous enlargement of the head of the pancreas. The resected tissue showed a diameter of more than 5 cm in 64% of the patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 1.8%. The postoperative hospitalization period was 19 days (median). In a follow-up period of 2.0 years (median) with a minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 10.5 years, the late mortality rate was 3.6%. Of the patients, 85.7% are completely rehabilitated occupationally. In contrast to the Whipple procedure, the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas preserves stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and extrahepatic bile ducts in an advantageous way. The subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas decompresses the common bile duct without disturbance of the blood flow to the duodenum.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Morphometric analysis of the state of the intramural nervous apparatus of rat duodenum].

Structural organization of the intramural apparatus of the duodenum has been studied in normal white rats. By means of a planimeter, the area of the nerve cells and their nuclei has been estimated in serial sections of the cranial and caudal parts of the duodenum; a definite regularity on the nerve cell types distribution has been stated in different parts of the duodenum. Concentration of afferent nerve elements has been noted in the cranial part of the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Malignant glomic tumor of the duodenum].

A brief review of literature and description of an extremely rare case of duodenum glomic tumour are presented. The tumour of the duodenum was detected roentgenologically and endoscopically in a woman of 51, 3 months after the appearance of weakness, pains, and black stool. Pancreaticoduodenal resection was performed. The tumour, 17 X 15 X X 6 cm in size, coming from the duodenum wall and growing into the choledochus wall, was found. Histologically, the tumour consisted of bundles and knots of elongated cells and roundish cells with clear perinuclear zones. Invasive growth into the choledochus wall, polymorphism, mitoses, necroses, vascularity were noted. The death resulted from bleeding 23 days after the operation. No cases of malignant glomic tumours of the duodenum could be found in the literature.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

[Arterial vascularization of the 3rd and 4th portions of the duodenum. Recent acquisitions].

New knowledge on arterial blood supply of the 3rd and 4th parts of theduodenum. Injection of the digestive arterial system in 15 adult subjects allows the study of the blood supply of the 3rd and 4th parts of the duodenum. Although the duodeno-pancreatic arches are constantly found, the authors showed that the branches to the duodenum have a variable layout. On the right of the superior mesenteric artery, the distribution of the branches is always regular on both sides of the 3rd part of the duodenum. On the other hand, on the left of this artery, there is sometimes a vascular hiatus which may extend to the duodeno-jejunal angle. Although in 60 per cent of the cases, this part of the duodenum is well supplied with blood on both surfaces, in 40 per cent of the cases on the other hand, there exists an avascular area on both sides. This lay-out is not favorable for division and anastomosis of this segment of the digestive tract.

Celiac Artery↗
PubMed1983

[Enhancement of the contraction of the isolated duodenum and Oddi's sphincter of rabbits by alpha adrenergic agents].

Effects of some alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists were investigated on the isolated rabbit sphincter of Oddi and duodenum. In both preparations, noradrenaline (10(-6)-10(-5) M) inhibited the rhythmic spontaneous contractions, and the inhibition was observed more markedly in the sphincter than in the duodenum. In the duodenum, phenylephrine (10(-6)-10(-5) M) induced an inhibition of the contractions of rapid onset followed by an increase in contraction height. The response resembled that by noradrenaline in the presence of propranolol 10(-6) M. 10(-5) M of phenylephrine introduced the increase in contractions more remarkably than 10(-6) M of the drug. Isoproterenol (10(-7)-10(-6) M), as well as noradrenaline in the presence of phentolamine 10(-5) M, produced an inhibition of slow onset which was maintained throughout the presence of the drug. The inhibition by noradrenaline with phentolamine was more intense than that without phentolamine. Qualitatively similar responses to phenylephrine and isoproterenol were observed on the sphincter of Oddi. In both preparations, tetrodotoxin at 10(-7) M potentiated the inhibition induced by noradrenaline, depressed the increase in contractions by phenylephrine, but hardly affected the response to isoproterenol. The results indicate that, in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum in rabbits, adrenergic agonists produce inhibition of the contractions via alpha- and beta-receptors in the smooth muscle fibres, and abrupt inhibition by alpha-agonist may cause excitatory response mediated through neural consequence.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in bronchus, esophagus, colon, and duodenum from the same individual.

The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene has been investigated in cultured normal human bronchus, colon, duodenum, and esophagus obtained from the same patient. The highest total metabolism was found in bronchus and duodenum, while the highest mean binding level was observed in the bronchus followed, in order, by the esophagus, duodenum, and transverse colon. A 30-fold interindividual variation in the binding level was found in each of the four organs studied, and a positive correlation between the binding levels in bronchus, colon, and duodenum was found. In human bronchus, a positive correlation was found between level of binding of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA and the amount of both benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-diol and the combined group of 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene 9,10-diol, and water-soluble metabolites. A significantly higher relative amount of benzo(a)pyrene tetrols and benzo(a)pyrene 9,10-diol was formed by human bronchus compared to the gastrointestinal tissues, while a higher level of benzo(a)pyrene phenols was formed by the latter. The relative distribution of benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adducts was similar in all four organs, the major DNA adduct being formed by trans-addition of anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxide-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene to the 2-amino group at guanine. These results indicate that the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by at least four different organs is qualitatively similar but that quantitative differences exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum: influence of long-term healing on mechanical strength and collagen distribution.

Mechanical properties, rupture pattern (morphologic characteristics) and distribution of collagen concentration in incisional wounds of rat stomach and duodenum after 80 days of healing were compared with previous observations on 40-day wounds and with intact tissue. Increased energy absorption (breaking energy) was found in wound tissue of stomach and duodenum after 80 days. No other differences were found between 40 and 80 days of healing. The weakest point of the healing wound was 4-5 mm lateral to the incision line, in the margin of the biochemically active zone. The results indicate that the functionally important part of the healing process in stomach and duodenum occurs early, but some activity persists for at least 80 days postoperatively. The main activity in late wound healing probably is remodelling of scar tissue, completing restoration of tissue strength. Suture materials and technique are unimportant for late healing phases in stomach and duodenum. It is emphasized that a detailed biomechanical account of wound properties is necessary to describe the development of a wound's mechanical strength.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of drugs on electromechanical activities of the stomach and duodenum of conscious dogs].

Responses of the gastric antrum and duodenum to some drugs were studies in fasted state of conscious dogs using implanted force transducer and/or electrodes. Continuous i.v. infusion of pentagastrin (12-30 micrograms/kg-hr), secretin (1.8 u/kg-hr) and atropine (30-120 micrograms/kg-hr) suppressed the development of the interdigestive myoelectric complex or the interdigestive contractions. During infusion of atropine or secretin, action potentials superimposed on basic electric rhythm (BER) and contractions were frequently observed in the duodenum in spite of motor quiescence in the antrum. A bolus i.v. injection of bethanechol (10-20 micrograms/kg) clearly produced action potentials and contractions in the duodenum, while, in the antrum, only a few contractions were observed. Pentagastrin (12-30 micrograms/kg-hr, 5-10 micrograms/kg i.v.) induced weak but high-frequency contractions in the antrum, whereas, in the duodenum, contractions were scarcely observed except the case of the infusion of the drug over 30 min. The drug also changed the frequency and amplitude of BER remarkably in both regions. Phentolamine (3.0-6.0 mg/kg-hr, 1.0-1.5 mg/kg i.v.) introduced strong contractions similar to the interdigestive contractions. The result indicates that diminution of the adrenergic nerve activity of the myenteric plexus is one of the factors participating in occurrence of the interdigestive contractions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids during continuous liquid formula perfusion of the duodenum.

The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids was studied in 16 normal volunteers and 8 cholecystectomy patients during continuous liquid formula perfusion of the duodenum. The fasting bile acid pool size in the 16 normals (5.534 +/- 1.472 mmol) exceeded the circulating pool size (3.643 +/- 1.126 mmol) by 33.4% +/- 13.4. The difference between fasting and circulating pool sizes was significantly and inversely related to the percentage of the fasting pool that was emptied in the duodenum during the first perfusion hour (r = -0.76; P < 0.001). No relation was found between the circulating bile acid pool size and the calculated rate of recycling of the pool, but a strong relation was found between the cycling pool and the basal hourly bile acid outputs (2.08 +/- 0.77 mmol/hr) in the duodenum (r = 0.82; P < 0.001). In cholecystectomy patients the circulating pool size (3.30 +/- 1.39 mmol) and the basal bile acid output (1.65 +/- 0.98 mmol/hr) were slightly lower than in the normal volunteers. The bile acid pool size was not related to the cycling rate and there was a strong relation between pool size and bile acid secretion (r = 0.85; P < 0.001). As the fasting pool, measured using the method of Duane et al. (1975. J. Lipid Res. 16: 155-158), is probably overestimated by +/-14%, the remaining difference of +/-19% with the pool circulating during formula perfusion might be caused by incomplete gallbladder emptying. In these experimental conditions basal bile acid outputs reflect closely the size of the circulating bile acid pool in normals as well as in cholecystectomy patients.-Rutgeerts, P., Y. Ghoos, and G. Vantrappen. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids during continuous liquid formula perfusion of the duodenum.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Relations between the electric activity of the pyloric sphincter and activities of the stomach and duodenum].

Indwelled electrodes led electrical activity from the stomach, pyloric sphincter and duodenum in hunger, after feeding or administration of carbachol and morphine as well as after transthoracic vagotomy. In intact resting animals the pyloric sphincter develops slow potentials in the rhythm of stomach antral portion and sometimes in the rhythm of duodenum. Acceleration of the slow potentials rhythm occurring after transthoracic vagotomy in the stomach antral portion, develops in the pyloric sphincter as well. Spike activity of the antral portion spreads over to the sphincter depending on amplitude, frequency and duration of the burst of spikes. Migrating myoelectrical complex develops successively in the stomach antral portion and in the pyloric sphincter. During increased activity of the duodenum (after carbachol or morphine) the bursts of spikes in the rhythm of the duodenum slow waves can occur simultaneously in the pyloric sphincter, too.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Kinetics of calcium transport in the hamster duodenum and ileum.

Dietary calcium is absorbed chiefly from the small intestine, and characteristics of the transport process differ depending on site. Because transport behavior is crucial to calcium homeostasis, we characterized kinetics of duodenal and ileal calcium transport in vivo in the hamster. We measured net calcium transport with 40Ca and flux into the animal (influx) with 45Ca over the concentration range of 0- 25 mM. Nonmediated transport was twice as great in duodenum as in ileum. Mediated transport showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Kt for mediated transport (4.3 mM) was the same in duodenum and ileum, whereas Vmax (mumol/h per g) was twice as great in ileum (290) as in duodenum (137). Thus, Kt defines similar carrier function at both sites, but Vmax suggests calcium transport capacity is doubled in ileum. The lower nonmediated transport in ileum limits secretion and the higher Vmax absorbs calcium at a greater rate, permitting the ileum to move luminal calcium against a concentration gradient more effectively than the duodenum. Thus, ileal calcium transport, by its site and functional characteristics, makes a crucial contribution to calcium homeostasis in the hamster.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Rupture of third duodenum (author's transl)].

The authors report a case of complete rupture of the third duodenum after blind trauma of the abdominal wall. They discuss pre op diagnosis with amount to X ray findings; surgical management included resection of the left part of the 3rd duodenum, 4th duodenum, and 1rst jejunal loop, with latero terminal anastomosis of the lower part of the 2nd duodenum to the jejunum; uneventfull recovery.

Adolescent↗