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PubMedDate not supplied

Community attitude to divorce in leprosy.

Divorcing a leprosy afflicted spouse is one of the manifestations of social stigma attached to leprosy. It mostly depends on the community's decision resulting from the physical and social threat perceived. In order to find out who were prone to divorce their leprosy afflicted spouses, 1199 community members drawn from two States, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh, were asked what their advice would be if a spouse of leprosy patient approached them for advice. The responses were cross tabulated against their demographic characteristics. While, only a small proportion of respondents advised divorce in Andhra Pradesh, they were mainly females, above SSC educated, those who did cultivation, labourers and were from poor economic group. On the other hand, in Orissa, a high proportion of the respondents suggested divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of preventive group intervention for children of divorce].

Following the results of American intervention programs for children of divorce, the effects of a preventive group program for 10 to 12 year old children of divorced families were studied within a pretest-posttest design. The aim of the intervention was to decrease children's fears, increase their feelings of self-esteem and to improve the relationship to their parents. The program consists of 10 group-sessions about divorce related changes and experiences in the children families and 3 evenings for their parents. Subjects were 5 boys and 2 girls. The results show that after the intervention fears are decreased, feelings of self-esteem are increased and the subjective perception of the own family is more positive than before. The results are discussed in terms of the further development of interventions for children of divorce.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Marriage and divorce after spinal cord injury.

The outcome o,f marriages contracted after spinal cord injury suffered by males was examined via the questionnaire method. Of those whose first marriage occurred after their injury, the divorce rate was 24.4%. Of those whose were married prior to injury and then remarried following injury, 16.4% were divorced. If all post-injury marriages are considered, the divorce rate is 23.1%. This is close to the divorce rate of the United States as a whole. The outcome of post-injury marriages was also examined with respect to time since injury, level of injury, presence of post-injury children, and post-injury education and employment. Particular attention was given to those males who had never been married prior to their injury.

Divorce↗
PubMed1998

Marital conflict, divorce, and children's adjustment.

This article summarizes current research on children's adjustment after separation and divorce, and then focuses on the contributions of marital conflict, marital violence, and hostile family environments to children's adjustment during marriage and after divorce. Children living in marriages with frequent and intense conflict are significantly more likely to have substantial adjustment problems before parental divorce and compromised parent-child relationships. These findings suggest that the deleterious effects of divorce per se have been overstated, with insufficient attention paid in the clinical and research literature to the damaging effects of highly troubled marriages on children's adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Psychological impact of separation and divorce.].

This study focuses on the psychological impact of divorce on ex-spouses. Data was gathered through a questionnaire that was handed to 127 people of which 97 were women and 30 men. Most subjects were selected from a list of names supplied by organizations offering assistance to separated and divorced people. Results at first show the socio-demographic characteristics of the people consulted. A brief review of the correlative analysis data then provides an overview of the variables likely to affect or help improve the social and psychological experience of people confronted with a broken relationship. Are therefore studied in succession aspects such as the adaptation in detail of ex-spouses following divorce and the emotional attachment of the ex-partner. Results are discussed in function of various clinical approaches that could make it easier for ex-spouses to adapt to the changes in lifestyle at the outcome of divorce.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1978

Psychiatry and psychotherapy. Is a divorce imminent?

Despite the long tradition of psychiatrists practicing psychotherapy, many psychiatric and medical leaders are predicting and urging a reorientation of psychiatry toward the medical model. They would leave psychotherapy to psychologists, social workers and the like. Many social, governmental and institutional factors favor such a change. The marriage of psychiatry and psychotherapy has always been an uneasy one, and the push for divorce may be irresistible. The author cautions that a divorce could be detrimental to medicine by substituting, in the name of "science," a dehumanized, technological psychiatry for the current "moral" treatment. One alternative to divorce is a broader approach to psychiatry, combining biological, neuromedical, socioenvironmental and psychodynamic factors. The divorce, though imminent, should be resisted.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Marriage, divorce, and remarriage from retrospective data: a multiregional approach.

"In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 [U.S.] Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960-1965, 1965-1970, and 1970-1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described." Consideration is given to "the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Economic dependency and divorce: implications for the private sphere.

"This paper asserts a connection between economic dependency and divorce. It argues that, because dependency deprives women of equal access to the public sphere and because it confines them, through normative definition, to the private sphere, it reduces their likelihood of seeking divorce. The paper also argues, contrary to recent findings, that socioeconomic development should be linearly and positively associated with divorce. Data from 51 nations are examined and multiple regression analysis [suggests] considerable support for these arguments."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

[Divorce rate increases if the index of consumer sentiment declines].

"The development of the total divorce rate (the sum of the marriage-duration specific divorce rates) [in the Netherlands] in the years 1973-1992 can be explained by an index of consumer sentiments, viz. the index of the willingness to buy (lagged one year).... The index of the willingness to buy explains the strong increase of the divorce rate in the early 1980s, the decrease in the mid 1980s and the strong increase in 1992." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1994

Divorce in the family life cycle.

"We present the results of [a] study conducted in the years 1986-1988 in three big cities in Poland.... The sample population consisted of persons who divorced in the years 1983-1984....[The focus is on] a detailed evaluation of the sources of divorce and a discussion of the determinants, in relation to the family life cycle. The paper constitutes an attempt at an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of divorce; the approach combines demographic and sociological perspectives."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1996

[The impact of parental divorce on the relationships of young adults].

"The 1993 Netherlands Fertility and Family Survey shows that parental divorce has an impact on (the attitudes towards) relationships of young adults. Children of divorced parents leave home at an earlier age and have a stronger preference for cohabitation. Once a relationship (cohabitation or marriage) has started, it is more likely to end in separation or divorce." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1997

Changes in the divorce rate and age distribution in China since the 1980s.

"The divorce rate in China during the 1980s was much higher than before for a number of reasons. In order to understand this phenomenon, the authors will make a comparison between the divorce rates, and the age and duration of the marriage at the time of divorce in the early 1980s and in the late 1980s and early 1990s."

Asia↗
PubMed1989

Divorce among physicians. Comparisons with other occupational groups.

This study had two goals--to evaluate critically the literature regarding the quality and stability of physicians' marriages and to present national data regarding the divorce-proneness of physicians in comparison with other occupational groups. The conclusions from the literature review were that (a) there is no sound evidence that physicians have lower marital quality than other groups, and (b) methodological weaknesses in past research leave open the question of whether physicians are more prone or less prone to divorce than other groups. The conclusion from new analyses of 1970 and 1980 US census data was that both male and female physicians have a lower tendency to divorce than other occupational groups, including other groups of professionals.

Divorce↗
PubMed2002

Six-year follow-up of preventive interventions for children of divorce: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Compared with their peers with nondivorced parents, adolescents with divorced parents are more likely to have mental health problems, drop out of school, and become pregnant. The long-term effects of intervention programs for this population are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of 2 programs designed to prevent mental health problems in children with divorced parents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Six-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of 2 intervention programs (mother program: 11 group and 2 individual sessions; mother plus child program: mother program and 11 group sessions for children) and a control condition (books on postdivorce adjustment), which was conducted in a large metropolitan US city from April 1998 through March 2000. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 218 families (91% of the original sample) with adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years were reinterviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Externalizing and internalizing problems, diagnosed mental disorders, drug and alcohol use, and number of sexual partners. RESULTS: Eleven percent of adolescents in the mother plus child program (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8%-18.2%) had a 1-year prevalence of diagnosed mental disorder compared with 23.5% (95% CI, 13.8%-33.2%) of adolescents in the control program (P =.007). Adolescents in the mother plus child program had fewer sexual partners (mean [SE], 0.68 [0.16]) compared with adolescents in the control program (1.65 [0.37]; P =.01). Adolescents with higher initial mental health problems whose families were in the mother plus child program had lower externalizing problems (P =.007) and fewer symptoms of mental disorder (P =.02) compared with those in the control program. Compared with controls, adolescents whose mothers participated in the mother program and who had higher initial mental health problems had lower levels of externalizing problems (P<.001); fewer symptoms of mental disorder (P =.005); and less alcohol (P =.005), marijuana (P =.02), and other drug use (P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents of divorced parents, the mother program and the mother plus child program reduced symptoms of mental disorder; rates of diagnoses of mental disorder; levels of externalizing problems; marijuana, alcohol, and other drug use; and number of sexual partners.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Parental relationships, coping strategies, received support, and well-being in adolescents of separated or divorced and married parents.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of the perceived quality of the parental relationship and family status on coping strategies, received support, and well-being in adolescents from separated or divorced and married parents. Two hundred forty-four matched adolescents from separated/divorced and married households were drawn from an initial sample of 1,044 students who were tested at five colleges and three high schools of a large metropolitan and rural area. Regression analyses supported the hypothesis that a perceived poor parental relationship, and not family status, was associated with low life satisfaction and sense of future, and high anxiety in adolescents of divorced and married households. Hierarchical regression techniques revealed that coping strategies and received support did not mediate the association between a perceived poor parental relationship and low levels of well-being in adolescents from divorced and married households. The findings underscore the importance of intervening with adolescents within the context of their family relationships.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Negative cognitive errors and positive illusions for negative divorce events: predictors of children's psychological adjustment.

This study examined the relations among negative cognitive errors regarding hypothetical negative divorce events, positive illusions about those same events, actual divorce events, and psychological adjustment in 38 8- to 12-year-old children whose parents had divorced within the previous 2 years. Children's scores on a scale of negative cognitive errors (catastrophizing, overgeneralizing, and personalizing) correlated significantly with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and self-esteem, and with maternal reports of behavior problems. Children's scores on a scale measuring positive illusions (high self-regard, illusion of personal control, and optimism for the future) correlated significantly with less self-reported aggression. Both appraisal types accounted for variance in some measures of symptomatology beyond that explained by actual events. There was no significant association between children's negative cognitive errors and positive illusions. The implications of these results for theories of negative cognitive errors and of positive illusions, as well as for future research, are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Divorcing mothers and social support: testing the specificity of buffering effects.

The circumstances under which social support buffers the negative effects of stress have been a subject of much research. The hypothesis that social support is effective only when it matches the needs elicited by particular stressors was studied in a sample of divorcing mothers. Predictions were made regarding which types of support (Parenting, Emotional, and Tangible) would buffer the effects of Parenting, Social, and Tangible stress on depressive symptoms and on general psychological distress of divorcing mothers. Results did not support the specificity of social support buffering effects, though the stress and support scales often showed direct relationships to criterion measures. Implications were discussed for the assessment of support with multiple models, for future research designs, and for planning prevention programs to meet the needs of divorcing mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The children of divorce parenting intervention: outcome evaluation of an empirically based program.

Examined efficacy of an empirically based intervention using 70 divorced mothers who participated in a 12-session program or a wait-list condition. The program targeted five putative mediators: quality of the mother-child relationship, discipline, negative divorce events, contact with fathers, and support from nonparental adults. Posttest comparisons showed higher quality mother-child relationships and discipline, fewer negative divorce events, and better mental health outcomes for program participants than controls. More positive program effects occurred for mothers' than children's reports of variables and for families with poorest initial levels of functioning. Analyses indicated that improvement in the mother-child relationship partially mediated the effects of the program on mental health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗