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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Mortality from cancer of the digestive system in Italy: 1950-1975 cross-sectional rates and cohort analysis.

In this study of mortality from cancer of the digestive system in Italy, 1950-1975, both cross-sectional rates and cohort analysis were used. The study found that in both sexes age-standardized rates for cancer of the colon, rectum, liver and biliary tract, and pancreas are increasing whereas the rates for cancer of the stomach are decreasing. Rates for esophagus cancer have remained fairly constant. Cohort analysis showed different trends for selected sites. As to cancer of the stomach, for both sexes, cohorts born up until about 1881 have constant or increasing rates; cohorts born after 1881 have declining rates. For cancer of the esophagus in males the rates reach a peak in the 1896 birth-cohort; cohorts born prior to 1896 show an increase in rates and cohorts born later show a decline. For cancer of the colon, liver and biliary tract, and pancreas, the rates rise constantly for all ages and all cohorts in both sexes. The rates for cancer of the rectum rise after age 75 whereas below that age the rates tend to level off and decline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Phenotypic flexibility of digestive system in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

This study examined the restoration of the digestive capacity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus) following a long period of food deprivation. Fifty cod (48 cm, 1 kg) were food-deprived for 68 days and then fed in excess with capelin (Mallotus villosus Müller) on alternate days. Ten fish were sampled after 0, 2, 6, 14 and 28 days and the mass of the pyloric caeca, intestine and carcass determined. Two metabolic enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase) were assayed in white muscle, pyloric caeca and intestine, and trypsin activity was measured in the pyloric caeca. A delay of 14 days was required before body mass started to increase markedly, whereas most of the increase in mass of both the pyloric caeca and intestine relative to fish length occurred earlier in the experiment. By day 14, the activities of trypsin and citrate synthase in the pyloric caeca as well as citrate synthase in the intestine had reached maxima. The growth of the digestive tissues and restoration of their metabolic capacities thus occur early upon refeeding and are likely required for recovery growth to take place. The phenotypic flexibility of the cod digestive system is therefore remarkable: increases in trypsin activity and size of pyloric caeca resulted in a combined 29-fold increase in digestive capacity of the fish during the refeeding period. Our study suggests that Atlantic cod are able to cope with marked fluctuations in food availability in their environment by making a rapid adjustment of their digestive capacity as soon as food availability increases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Echo-endoscopy of the digestive system].

Endoscopic ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract allows a precise ultrasound study of the accessible gastrointestinal walls (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum) and, through these walls, of the adjacent organs (lymph nodes, posterior mediastinum, pancreas, extrahepatic biliary ducts and perirectal region). This method is better than computerized tomography to evaluate the local and regional extension of oesophageal and cardial carcinomas producing little or no stenosis and of gastric and rectum carcinomas and lymphomas. It is the examination of choice to detect a perianastomotic recurrence of these cancers and to evaluate submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. This method, with no morbidity, is better than computerized tomography or ultrasonography in the aetiological diagnosis of obstacles in the biliary tract and in the diagnosis and pretherapeutic assessment of pancreatic cancer or endocrine tumors.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1991

Efficiency of feed utilization and rate of feed passage through the digestive system.

The relationship of efficiency of feed utilization determined by the feed conversion ratio (FCR) to the rate of feed passage through the digestive system of juvenile chickens was studied and three different methods of measuring feed passage rate (FPR) were evaluated. The FPR did not differ between sexes that had different FCR, nor did it differ between commercial broiler strains that differed in FCR. Feed restriction did not affect FPR. There was little correlation between FCR and FPR in any of the groups evaluated and the FPR was similar for high- and low-FCR groups. There was some evidence for increased FPR in birds grown at 32.2 C compared with those grown at 26.7 C. Similar results were obtained for FPR whether the tracer dye was given in the feed, or in a gelatin capsule, or no tracer dye was used. Repeatability of FPR obtained on the same individuals at different ages was very low.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Response of the digestive system of Helicoverpa zea to ingestion of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and characterization of an uninhibited carboxypeptidase B.

Carboxypeptidase activity participates in the protein digestion process in the gut of lepidopteran insects, supplying free amino-acids to developing larvae. To study the role of different carboxypeptidases in lepidopteran protein digestion, the effect of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI) on the digestive system of larvae of the pest insect Helicoverpa zea was investigated, and compared to that of Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor. Analysis of carboxypeptidase activity in the guts showed that ingested PCI remained active in the gut, and completely inhibited the activity of carboxypeptidases A and O. Interestingly, carboxypeptidase B activity was not affected by PCI. All previously described enzymes from the same family, both from insect or mammalian origin, have been found to be very sensitive to PCI. Analysis of several lepidopteran species showed the presence of carboxypeptidase B activity resistant to PCI in most of them. The H. zea carboxypeptidase B enzyme (CPBHz) was purified from gut content by affinity chromatography. N-terminal sequence information was used to isolate its corresponding full-length cDNA, and recombinant expression of the zymogen of CPBHz in Pichia pastoris was achieved. The substrate specificity of recombinant CPBHz was tested using peptides. Unlike other CPB enzymes, the enzyme appeared to be highly selective for C-terminal lysine residues. Inhibition by PCI appeared to be pH-dependent.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

[Digestive system diseases and style of nutrition among secondary school students].

In the paper there was examined 246 pupils from secondary school. The auditorial survey including 23 questions was drawn up. The questions referred to digestive diseases occurrence among members of family, pupils under the survey, their style of nutrition, financial status of their family. It was interesting how kind of food, keeping regular hours, behaviour during eating is connected with frequency of digestive disease occurrence. 14.5% of pupils suffered from alimentary tract diseases especially constipation and peptic ulcer. A large percentage (46.2%) do not eat regularly, and 85% is in a hurry, doing something else during eating. 39.4% of examined use spices, ketchup, mustard every time, 17.5% do not eat vegetables, fruit at all, 45.9% eat sweets every day. Before leaving for school 45.9% pupils do not even eat breakfast. 69.1% of subjects claimed that stress is a reason of occurence their digestive disorders. In the paper abnormal style of nutrition is more frequent among pupils complaining of digestive system diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Chemical oxygen demand using closed microwave digestion system.

A new approach to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) using a closed microwave digestion (CMD) system to replace the conventional, time-consuming open reflux (OR) method is proposed. The procedure uses a laboratory-grade closed microwave digestion system (one magnetron) for the digestion of small volume of samples (3.0 mL) in a completely closed (90 mL) Teflon vessel, digesting 10 samples at a time in the range of COD values of 5-1000 mg L(-1). The digestion time required is 15 min as compared to the 2 h required for the conventional OR method. Chloride ion interference can be removed up to 6000 mg of Cl- ions L(-1) as compared to the 2000 mg of Cl- ions L(-1) removed by conventional OR method. The present work reveals that the filtration of effluent samples by membrane filter or homogenization is not essential to obtain reproducible results. The proposed method is cost-effective; saves time, energy, and reagents with providing precise results for both the pure organic compounds and wastewater samples; and is ecofriendly.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of alcohol extract of pig bile on digestion system].

OBJECTIVE: To study effect of alcohol extract of pig bile(AEB) on digestion system. METHODS: Action of AEB in vitro and vivo were observed. RESULTS: AEB could suppress the spontaneous movement of isolated intestinal smooth muscles in rabbit, markedly antagonize the intestinal propelling movement of carbon ink and experimental diarrhea caused by castor oil in mice, obviously inhibit growth of microbe. CONCLUSIONS: AEB could improve the condition of digestion.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the effect of dimecron on the digestive system of a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus.

The effect of exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.32 mg/L) of Dimecron for 20 days on the digestive system of a fresh water teleost fish, Channa punctatus has been studied. The most conspicuous pathological changes in the liver were vacuolation of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, enlargement of nuclei, rupture of the cell membrane, liver cord disarray, damage of connective tissue, infiltration of phagocytes and necrosis. The mucosa of stomach was ruptured and the gastric glands were degenerated. The mucosal epithelium of intestine and pyloric caeca was also degenerated. The mucus secreting goblet cells showed hyperactivity and the intestinal lumen was filled with mucus. No conspicuous changes were noted in the rectum except for hypersecretion of mucus. Histochemical tests revealed that alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were inhibited by Dimecron treatment. However, acid phosphatase showed slight increase in activity. Biochemical tests for enzyme activity confirmed the histochemical findings. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly inhibited in liver and intestine. There was a slight elevation in the activity of acid phosphatase in the liver and pyloric caeca of exposed fish, but this was not statistically significant. The glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly inhibited in the liver, intestine and pyloric caeca.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Methods of assessing the state of the digestive system in mass examinations of rural population].

On the basis of physician's logic a questionnaire has been elaborated for identifying the most common diseases of digestive system during mass medical check-ups of rural population. 98 combinations of signs were considered in the diagnostic algorithm for making conclusions regarding 11 diseases. The programme elaborated envisages recommendations on the volume of examinations necessary for verification of diagnoses. The questionnaire and rules governing it were verified for 152 patients. By means of mathematical statistics methods the informativeness of the signs used have been assessed. The analysis showed a great diagnostic value of choosing signs on the basis of physician's logic taking into account their pathogenetic correlation. The efficiency of questionnaires have been demonstrated and sufficient under conditions of automated examinations sensitivity (on the average for diseases 78.1%) and specificity (on the average for diseases 70.0%).

Algorithms↗