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PubMed1993

Genetic analysis by DNA fingerprinting in tsetse fly genomes.

Genomic DNA from tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae: Glossina Wiedemann) was analyzed by hybridization using the whole M13 phage as a probe to reveal DNA fingerprinting (DNAfp) profiles. Intrapopulation variability, measured by comparison of DNAfp profiles of tsetse flies from a large colony of G. brevipalpis, showed a high degree of polymorphism similar to that found in other animal species. Different lines of G. m. morsitans, G. m. centralis, G. m. submorsitans, G. p. palpalis and G. p. gambiensis established from small colonies displayed less genetic variability than the G. brevipalpis population. The analysis of pedigree relationships within an inbred line of G. m. centralis conformed to a Mendelian inheritance pattern. In the pedigree presented no mutations were observed, one fragment was linked to the X chromosome, and three fragment sets were linked, but most fragments showed independent segregation. M13 revealed no characteristic DNAfp profile differences between the subgenus Glossina and the subgenus Nemorhina, but a conserved distribution pattern was found in the laboratory colonies within each subspecies. M13 also revealed line specific DNA fragments that may be useful as genetic markers to expand the present linkage map of G. m. morsitans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Genomic DNA fingerprints and phenotypic characteristics of serotype B Haemophilus influenzae isolates from Italy.

Three different restriction enzymes (PstI, EcoRI, SspI) were used to analyze the total genomic DNA fingerprints of 52 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) isolates collected between 1982 and 1992 from patients and carriers in central-northern Italy. The same isolates were also characterized by biotyping and antimicrobial agent susceptibility typing. In addition, 13 Hib reference strains from Sweden and the Netherlands were subjected to DNA fingerprinting and compared to Italian isolates. Both genotypic and phenotypic analysis revealed low variability among the Italian study isolates. Most were biotype I and all study isolates but one were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, third-generation cephalosporins and cotrimoxazole. Among the 52 Italian isolates, 3 distinct DNA patterns were identified, and 88.5% of study strains belonged to the same DNA group. There was sharing of the predominant DNA profile among isolates cultured in different years from different geographical areas and different invasive, respiratory and surface infections. However, another DNA pattern was only found in carrier isolates and in one surface infection isolate. Comparison by DNA fingerprinting showed that the majority of Italian isolates were closely related to most of the analyzed Swedish and Dutch reference strains, previously shown by other techniques to be predominant in those areas. This finding provides additional support for the hypothesis that there may be a dominant European Hib clone. The results show that DNA fingerprinting is a reliable method for Hib characterization and may be a useful additional epidemiological tool for this microorganism.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2003

[DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the epidemic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia, and to determine M. tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family". METHODS: Two hundred and six IS6110 DNA fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis strains from three provinces (city) were transferred to digital data, compared with the world M. tuberculosis DNA fingerprinting database, and then clustered by Gel compare 4.1 software. The clustering values in different patients with tuberculosis were compared by chi(2) test. Risk factors for recent transmission were calculated using odd ratios. RESULTS: No M. tuberculosis strains were found the same as those of DNA fingerprint database. 56.8% (117/206) fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis shared by least two-thirds of the IS6110 fragments and their Spoligotyping fingerprinting patterns were consistent with those of M.tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family". There were significant differences between female and male, different age groups (< 42 years old) and older (>or= 42 years old) (P < 0.05). Odd ratio was 5.06 in the group younger than 42 years old (95% CI: 1.00 - 34.34) and was 4.43 (95% CI: 0.94 - 28.76) in males. CONCLUSION: M. tuberculosis strains of "Beijing Family" were popular in Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia. Men and younger age group (< 42) were shown to be infected by identical strains more often than women and older aged which might play an important role in the recent transmission of tuberculosis in these areas. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis could be used to trace the source of tuberculosis infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Normalizing the background and removing the trend in one-dimensional DNA fingerprint images.

Maximizing an individual's genetic information from its DNA fingerprint image depends on the number of bands distinguished from the background. To approach this goal, the background should be normalized while the information is preserved. Morphological operators have been used by some authors to normalize the background for two-dimensional gel images. Methods such as mean, median and "maxpolygon" are presented in this work to normalize the background in DNA fingerprint images. Mean and median methods will lead to some deformations. Visual evaluation of the results show that the original shape of the column signals are better preserved by the maxpolygon.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1995

DNA fingerprinting of Streptococcus pyogenes from patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis by means of random amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis.

In recent years, several DNA fingerprinting methods have been tried for the epidemiological investigation of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. We chose the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method for the typing of pre- and post-antibiotic treatment S. pyogenes isolates obtained from 14 patients with pharyngotonsillitis. Isolates from 4 patients had been collected 10 years earlier than from the others. Hence epidemiological connections between the strains were unlikely. Both pre- and post-antibiotic treatment isolates showed identical RAPD patterns, indicating that recurrences in these patients had been caused by homologous strains of S. pyogenes. It was possible by means of RAPD to differentiate between 12 different T-types and occasionally between clones of the same serotype of S. pyogenes. The RAPD method is an easier alternative to traditional DNA-typing techniques and provides quick results with minimal technical complexity.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1996

Chromosomal assignment of human DNA fingerprint sequences by simultaneous hybridization to arbitrarily primed PCR products from human/rodent monochromosome cell hybrids.

We have developed a technique for the simultaneous chromosomal assignment of multiple human DNA sequences from DNA fingerprints obtained by the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Radioactively labeled human AP-PCR products are hybridized to DNA fingerprints generated with the same arbitrary primer from human/rodent monochromosome cell hybrids after electroblotting to a nylon membrane. Human-specific hybridization bands in the human/rodent fingerprints unambiguously determine their chromosome of origin. We named this method simultaneous hybridization of arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting products (SHARP). Using this approach, we determined the chromosomal origins of most major bands of human AP-PCR fingerprints obtained with two arbitrary primers. Altogether, the chromosomal localization of near 50 DNA fragments, comprehensive of all human chromosomes except chromosomes 21 and Y, was achieved in this simple manner. Chromosome assignment of fingerprint bands is essential for molecular karyotyping of cancer by AP-PCR DNA fingerprinting. The SHARP method provides a convenient and powerful tool for this purpose.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

DNA fingerprinting for forensic identification: some statistical issues.

In DNA fingerprinting work, it is well known that, although fragment lengths of a sample are uncorrelated, measurement errors of fragment lengths are correlated. Unless the fragment length is very large, the measurement errors are directly proportional to fragment lengths. In the currently practiced matching procedures for forensic identification, these facts are ignored or inadequately used. Some of these issues are addressed in this study. Based on available empirical observations, an appropriate statistical model and techniques are proposed. These techniques lead to the definition and construction of elliptical match windows, instead of independent interval (linear) windows currently used. Simulation experiments indicate that the performance of the proposed procedure is superior to the current procedures. Further, the proposed procedure does not make use of some assumptions underlying the current procedures. Extensions of the procedure to utilize replicate measurements of crime-scene and/or suspect's samples are indicated.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic similarity using DNA fingerprinting in cattle to determine relationship coefficient.

The relation between relationship coefficient and genetic similarity was evaluated using DNA fingerprinting in Japanese Black cattle. We proposed a new method for evaluating heterozygous and homozygous minisatellite loci. Genetic similarity by DNA fingerprinting was estimated by two methods--band sharing (BS) and a new evaluation called genetic similarity (GS). Linear regressions of the relationship coefficient (y) on levels of BS (x1) and GS (x2) yielded the equations y = 0.049 + 0.684x1 and y = -0.206 + 1.149x2, with highly significant correlation coefficients of .631 and .813, respectively. It was suggested that DNA fingerprinting could be applied to estimate the relationship coefficient not only in cattle but also in other species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of DNA fingerprinting to determine parentage in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).

The detection of high levels of genetic variability by DNA fingerprinting probes has allowed researchers to accurately assess relatedness. Multiple-mating strategies are characteristic of the mating systems of small mammals. As such, techniques that provide an accurate indication of how individuals are related genetically is of great importance to assess the mating system of a species. In this study, we applied the DNA fingerprinting technique to captive and wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) to determine its usefulness for parentage analysis in wild populations. We found that DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Hae III and probed with Jeffrey's minisatellite 33. 15 identified a large amount of polymorphism in both groups of muskrats. The DNA fingerprinting technique correctly assessed parentage within the captive group. In the wild population, paternity was assigned between two adult males based on diagnostic fragments and similarity of banding patterns. The likelihood that paternity could be misassigned to a full sibling was high in this free-ranging population. However, because natal dispersal in muskrats is male biased, it is unlikely that two brothers would associate with the same female.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Intra-species differentiation of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA fingerprinting with arbitrary primered polymerase chain reaction.

A method was developed to obtain reproducible DNA fingerprints from isolates of Trypanosoma evansi by PCR-based amplification using arbitrary primers (AP-PCR). Only one out of 10 randomly designed 12-mer primers generated DNA fingerprint profiles that revealed intra-species differences in T. evansi. The technique was applied in association with parasitological and serological examinations to investigate animal-to-animal transmission during an outbreak of surra in Thailand. The AP-PCR method has the advantage of being simple, fast and sensitive to diagnosis and characterization of the parasites since it does not require prior DNA sequence information. The technique should prove useful for the proper understanding of epidemiology and for designing rational control programs for trypanosomosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of Streptomyces--producer of aminoglycoside antibiotics, monomycin and kanamycin, and the strain 344 obtained by fusion of their protoplasts by the method of restrictive total DNA fingerprinting].

The method of total DNA restriction finger prints was applied to the study of Streptomyces monomycini INA 1465 producing monomycin, Streptomyces kanamyceticus INA K-13 producing kanamycin and strain 344 isolated after fusion of the protoplasts of strain 1465 and K-13, which produced albofungin and chloralbofungin, aminoglycoside antibiotics. For preparing the finger prints of the strains splitting by endonucleases BamHI, PstI, PvuII, and BgIII was used. The finger prints showed that strain 344 was related to the strain of S. monomycini and markedly differed from the strain of S. kanamyceticus. Strain 344 was likely to result from reconstruction (probably 20-kb deletion) of the genome of S. monomycini INA 1465 induced by the preparation and regeneration of its protoplasts. The reconstruction could affect the genome area with localization of the genes involved in monomycin biosynthesis and monomycin resistance genes.

Cell Fusion↗
PubMed1992

DNA fingerprinting in horses using a simple (TG)n probe and its application to population comparisons.

A synthetic polynucleotide (TG)n was hybridized to equine DNA digested with HinfI and hypervariable hybridization patterns were obtained. Mendelian inheritance of these DNA fingerprinting patterns was confirmed by pedigree analysis. Estimates of the probabilities of identical band patterns in unrelated individuals of different breeds (Swedish Trotters, North Swedish Trotters, Thoroughbreds and Arabians) were in the range 1 x 10(-4) - 7 x 10(-6). The variability derived with the (TG)n probe in horses was higher than what we obtained with several other commonly used probes for DNA fingerprinting. Individuals within breeds tended to be more similar to each other with regard to DNA fingerprint pattern than to individuals of other breeds. Moreover, a parsimony analysis made on the basis of the hybridization patterns gave clustering of individuals within breeds. The possibility of using hypervariable probes for the identification of breed-specific characters is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A genetic factor model for the statistical analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints.

A novel concept is described for the statistical analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints. Utilizing this method, it is shown by simulation that the application of multilocus DNA fingerprints to paternity testing is robust against deviations from idealistic assumptions made about underlying models and parameters. Partial homozygosity, allelism and linkage at the DNA loci involved, as well as variations in estimates of band-sharing probabilities were studied for effects on the resulting paternity probabilities. None of the above-mentioned phenomena appear to change these values to an extent relevant for decision making in paternity cases.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

DNA fingerprinting of single colonies of Helicobacter pylori from gastric cancer patients suggests infection with a single predominant strain.

In each of six gastric cancer patients, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR DNA fingerprints of 18 single colonies of Helicobacter pylori from the gastric antrum, corpus, and cardia were identical and matched that of the parental isolate. In three additional gastric cancer patients, 17 of 18 single-colony DNA fingerprints were identical to each other and to the DNA fingerprint of the corresponding parental isolate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Diversity of DNA sequences among enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 detected by PCR-based DNA fingerprinting].

A random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) fingerprinting method has been developed to differentiate Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC) O157:H7 isolates. This method uses an oligonucleotide of arbitrarily chosen sequence to prime DNA synthesis from pairs of sites to which it is matched or practically matched and results in strain-specific arrays of DNA products. By the RAPD analysis using A07(5'-TGCCTCGCACCA-3'), EHEC strains tested in this study were found to be divided into 5 groups. The RAPD arrays among 5EHEC clinical isolates from a single outbreak were identical from each other, and different from other origin. The data indicate that the RAPD method is feasible for investigating the source of an outbreak associated with EHEC O157:H7 infection.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1991

Multiple paternity in wild common shrews (Sorex araneus) is confirmed by DNA-fingerprinting.

We have tested for the occurrence of multiple paternity in wild common shrews by karyotypic analysis and DNA-fingerprinting of five wild-caught females and their litters. Karyotypic data suggest that some litters were sired by more than one male, but provide no definitive evidence. By using DNA-fingerprinting, it was possible to establish that two males sired the litter of two females. The present report shows that multiple paternity is not a rare phenomenon in the common shrew and by using DNA-fingerprinting it is possible to assign individual offspring to different male parents even when none of the putative fathers are available for inspection.

Animals↗