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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lung cancer detection. Results of a randomized prospective study in Czechoslovakia.

A randomized prospective study of lung cancer detection was begun in 1976 to evaluate semiannual screening by radiologic and sputum cytologic study in comparison to screening at a 3-year interval, and to no screening. In a high-risk population of 6364 men (aged 40 to 64 years), the initial prevalence of lung cancer was 0.28% (18 cases), the annual incidence was 0.35% per year (66 cases during 3 years), the proportion of Stage I cases was 31% (26/84), and Stage II was 17% (14/84), "curative" resections were 27% (23/84), and 5-year survival was 23% (19/84). The study confirmed the ability of radiologic screening to detect lung cancer at an earlier stage when treatment by resection can be accomplished. The fate of a high-risk population submitted to screening was better than that of a population with no screening where lung cancer was discovered by symptoms, accidental x-rays, or at autopsy. A matter of lesser importance was the frequency of screening. The absolute numbers of 5-year survivors detected by screening were practically the same for either compared screening frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Blood groups of Roms (Gypsies) in Czechoslovakia.

Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B--25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O--0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive--89.54%, Rh negative--10.46%; Rh - (D)--0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

The impact of forecasting methodology on the accuracy of national population forecasts: evidence from the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia.

"This study considers the accuracy of national population forecasts of the Netherlands and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.... We look at the demographic components employed in each forecast, the procedure to extrapolate fertility and the level at which assumptions for each component are formulated. Errors in total population size, fertility, mortality and foreign migration, and age structure are considered. We discuss trends in errors and methodology since 1950 and compare the situations in the two countries. The findings suggest that methodology has only a very limited impact on the accuracy of national population forecasts."

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1990

Lack of benefit from semi-annual screening for cancer of the lung: follow-up report of a randomized controlled trial on a population of high-risk males in Czechoslovakia.

Cigarette-smoking males (6,364), aged 40-64, were randomized into an intervention group which received 6-monthly screening by chest X-ray and sputum cytology, and a control group which received no asymptomatic investigation. After 3 years, both groups entered a follow-up period during which they received annual chest X-rays. Lung cancer cases detected by screening were identified at an earlier stage, more often resectable, and had a significantly better survival than "interval" cases diagnosed mainly because of symptoms. Comparison of the 2 groups showed a higher incidence of lung cancer in the intervention group, despite the follow-up period when both groups received annual examinations. There was no significant difference in mortality between the 2 groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Molecular characterization of beta-thalassemia in Czechoslovakia.

We have identified different beta-thalassemia mutations in 93 members of 34 families of Czech or Slovakian descent using gene amplification, hybridization with specific 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes, sequencing of amplified DNA, and gene mapping. The G----A mutation at IVS-I-1 was found in 18 families; other Mediterranean mutations were IVS-II-1 (G----A), IVS-II-745 (C----G), IVS-I-110 (G----A), and codon 39 (C----T); these were present in 9 additional families. The G----T mutation at codon 121, known to cause Heinz-body beta-thalassemia, was present in 3 families, and the frameshift at codons 82/83 (-G), first described in the Azerbaijanian population, in 2 families. A newly discovered allele was a frameshift at codons 38/39 (-C). One beta-thalassemia allele was incompletely characterized. We observed in 2 families a T----C mutation at position +96 UTR (untranslated region) relative to the termination codon; this mutation likely is a rare polymorphism. alpha-Thalassemia was rare; only one person carried the -alpha 3.7 heterozygosity, and one other had a yet to be identified alpha-thalassemia-1, while seven had the alpha alpha alpha anti 3.7 triplication.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1975

A contribution to the phenotype distribution of phosphoglucomutase in Czechoslovakia (the district of Ceské Budĕjovice).

A population sample of 416 unrelated donors from Ceske Budejovice (southern Bohemia) was investigated for the phenotypes of phosphoglucomutase (PGM). The calculated frequencies of the alleles PGM1-1 and PGM2-1 0.770 and 0.230, respectively, correspond to the expected frequencies of the phenotypes PGM 1 equals 0.593, PGM 2--1 equals 0.354, and PGM 2 equals 0.0529. No rare phenotype was detected.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Occurrence of the ACP01 allele in Czechoslovakia.

During a paternity test an unexpected type of red cell acid phosphatase isozyme (ACP1) was found in one family. The mother was of type A and type B was diagnosed in the son. The whole family was then subjected to ACP1 phenotyping and to the enzyme assay. Five members of the family were found to have unexpected types of ACP1 isozymes. The average activity was approx. 50% of normal values. It is presumed that a silent ACP01 allele was found in the family investigated and that the grandfather was its first carrier.

Acid Phosphatase↗