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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The measurement of the characteristics of x-ray radiation generated by video display terminals by using thermoluminescent detectors].

Exposure doses of X-rays generated by video displays were measured by means of highly sensitive TLD-500K type detector based on thermoluminophore Al2O3 and DTG-4 type detector based on thermoluminophore LiF. Individual human doses and doses accumulated on the display's surface can be measured. Trials showed efficiency of the method to evaluate the efficacy of protective screens for reducing the irradiation exposure.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Computer prediction of possible toxic action from chemical structure; the DEREK system.

1. The development of DEREK, a computer-based expert system (derived from the LHASA chemical synthesis design program) for the qualitative prediction of possible toxic action of compounds on the basis of their chemical structure is described. 2. The system is able to perceive chemical sub-structures within molecules and relate these to a rulebase linking the sub-structures with likely types of toxicity. 3. Structures can be drawn in directly at a computer graphics terminal or retrieved automatically from a suitable in-house database. 4. The system is intended to aid the selection of compounds based on toxicological considerations, or separately to indicate specific toxicological properties to be tested for early in the evaluation of a compound, so saving time, money and some laboratory animals and resources.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Protective filters in the prevention of asthenopia at a video display terminal.

In this work 25,064 employees were studied with the aim of investigating whether the video display terminal (VDT) equipped with filters reduces the incidence of asthenopia with reference to weekly time spent at a VDT and duration of work at a VDT. Analysis showed that the filters themselves do not reduce the occurrence of asthenopia consequent to various factors (refractive defects, time spent at a VDT, and monitors' characteristics).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized ordering of ultrasound examinations.

A uniform format for requesting ultrasound examinations was developed in response to the installation of a computerized communication system within the hospital. This format consists of a sequence of eight question-lists (screens), which are presented to the referring physicians on a computer video terminal and from which he selects appropriate information with a light pen. With computerized ordering, it is now possible for the ultrasonographer to be assured of always receiving study indications and relevant patient clinical information while knowing that the referring physician has been advised of study contraindications, scheduling advice, and the proper patient preparation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1977

Vector cardiographic assessment of implanted cardiac pacemakers.

The design and use of an on-line PDP 11/40 based vector cardiographic pacemaker assessment system is described. The system has been designed for comprehensive, automated testing of either fixed rate or demand implanted cardiac pacemakers. It is accurate and can be operated by a laboratory assistant without special training. Pacemaker parameters extracted are pulse height, width, rate, energy index and the frontal plane vector length and angle at maximum inspiration and during quiet breathing. In addition, a graphical representation of the patient's ECG and the pacemaker pulse is obtained on a computer graphics terminal. Patient data are written to cartridge disk for permanent record following the test. At each subsequent test of the implanted pacemaker, the data on disk are addended with the latest quantitative results. A separate off-line FORTRAN program can interrogate disk files for detailed analysis of patient data and display of parameter trends since implantation.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

Automatisation of chronic toxicities.

Automatisation of collection and processing of chronic toxicity tests are presented in a 'pharmaceutical research center environment'. The data are either analog signals or numerical values transmitted to the computer, from terminals posted in various laboratories. The minicomputer works under time-sharing system which allows many users to access to the programs in the same time. This system controls about 3000 results a day and prints complete reports in less than two days. Rewriting is then avoided thanks to this system, and in such a way, the reports are more reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Spatial adaptation to text on a video display terminal.

We employed vertical sinusoidal test gratings to search for spatial adaptation to lower-case text presented on a standard video display terminal. The parameters of the contrast sensitivity test were selected on the basis of waveform analysis of horizontal spatial luminance profiles of the text. We found that subjects exhibited a small (4-5 dB), but significant, frequency-specific spatial adaptation consistent with the frequency spectrum of the stimulus. The theoretical and practical significance of this finding is discussed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work at video display terminals].

The different problems connected with work at video-terminals are thoroughly discussed, and above all the preventive aspects both as to repercussions on the operator's health and as to a better relationship between operator and machine are set out. These aspects require the participation of a variety of specialists concerned with techniques, methods, and ergonomics, as well as norms, also with a view of the future given the ever wider use of computerized systems.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Video display terminals: their electromagnetic safety].

Widespread application of video terminals (VT) has led to accumulating some unambiguous data on harmful effect of electromagnetic and electrical fields on the health. An analysis indicates that the level of electromagnetic and electrical fields is below permissible limits. IRPA/INIC concludes that the electromagnetic effects on VT users health are unharmful. However, the problem of VT use is an integrated one and involves not only radiation but ergonomic aspects and in this context requires further studies.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Methodological issues for the assessment of clusters of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the workplace: the case of video display terminal users.

In this paper, we review the consecutive methodological steps to follow when assessing clusters of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in the workplace and the decisions to be taken at each step. The example of clusters of APO reported in VDT users in 1979 to 1982 is taken to illustrate each point. It appears that the number of "expected-unexpected" clusters of APO in VDT users has been largely overestimated as compared to observations and that this might be due to inadequate choices in the models used.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1992

Hardware to hard hats: training workers for action (from offices to construction sites).

A university-based labor education program provides training to unionists, emphasizing the skills needed by workers and their representatives in order to promote their rights to health and safety on the job. The article describes two examples of this training approach. The first example is a training program for video display terminal (VDT) operators which prepares them to take a leadership role in advancing policies to regulate working conditions for VDT users. The second is a program designed to improve the quality of safety, or "tailgate" meetings in the construction industry by promoting an approach that encourages active worker participation in identifying potential hazards and developing solutions. The methodologies used to achieve action-oriented outcomes are described.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic fields of video display terminals and spontaneous abortion.

The aim of this study was to examine whether work with a video display terminal and exposure to the magnetic fields of video display terminals are related to spontaneous abortion. The study was conducted among women employed as bank clerks and clerical workers in three companies in Finland. The cases (191 spontaneous abortions) and controls (394 births) were identified from Finnish medical registers for the years 1975-1985. Use of video display terminals was defined using the workers' own reports and information provided by the companies. The assessment of exposure to the magnetic fields was based on measurements of the fields of video display terminals. The odds ratio for spontaneous abortion for working with video display terminals was not increased (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.6). However, the odds ratio for workers who had used a video display terminal with a high level of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (> 0.9 microT) was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 1.4-8.6) compared with workers using a terminal with a low level of these magnetic fields (< 0.4 microT). Adjustment for ergonomic factors and mental work load factors changed the odds ratio for magnetic field exposure only very slightly. The findings suggest the need for future studies with assessment of exposure to the magnetic fields in the actual working environment to confirm the possible risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

[The morbidity characteristics of workers in an information reference service employed at video terminals].

Female telephone operators working with displays perform monotonous operations which cause marked hypodynamia. A study was performed to investigate the labour conditions, which revealed respiratory diseases as the main cause of morbidity with temporary disability. Extensive medical examinations also showed the prevalence of gynaecological disorders resulting from the working posture and hypodynamia. Laboratory tests revealed marked changes in the peripheral blood system. The questionnaire analysis performed showed the prevalence of complaints of asthenic manifestations and excessive fatigability by the end of the working shift.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

Human electroretinogram responses to video displays, fluorescent lighting, and other high frequency sources.

Time-averaged human electroretinogram (ERG) responses were determined for several workplace visual stimuli which are temporally modulated at rates exceeding the perceptual critical fusion frequency (CFF). A clearly identifiable synchronous response was in evidence for a video display terminal (VDT) stimulus operating with a refresh rate as high as 76 Hz. A directly viewed fluorescent luminaire with controllable driving frequency elicited a synchronous response at rates as high as 145 Hz. In addition, an intense stimulus created by modulating the light from a slide projector produced responses at least as high as 162 Hz. The implications of these high-frequency responses are representing a potential basis for visual symptoms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The dependence of the degree of visual fatigue on the shift duration in work with video terminals and an assessment of the efficacy of preventive measures].

Dynamic studies of visual capacity for work in individuals working with displays revealed decreased accommodation volume after the long concentration on the display. The total time of work with the display of more than 2h a day involved a decrease of the accommodation volume by 0.42-0.49 diopters and transitory myopia of 0.15-0.21 diopters, as well as increased self-appraisal of fatigue. The system of prophylactic measures including rest breaks, special exercises, massage was worked out and put into practice. Repeated study has proved the effectiveness of suggested measures.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Occupational risk factors for congenital heart disease.

To investigate possible associations between cardiovascular malformations and maternal occupational exposure to various factors during the first trimester of pregnancy, 406 cases and 756 controls were studied retrospectively. The cases were taken from all infants diagnosed with cardiovascular malformations born in Finland during 1982 and 1983. The controls were randomly selected from all normal births in the country during the same period. All mothers were interviewed approximately 3 months after delivery by a midwife, using a structured questionnaire. Maternal overall exposure to chemicals at work was more prevalent among the case group (35.8%) than the control group (26.2%, P less than 0.01). Among the specific chemical groups, maternal exposure to dyes, lacquers, or paints was significantly associated with the risk of congenital heart disease. Exposure to organic solvents during the first trimester seemed to increase to risk of ventricular septal defect (P less than 0.05). Work at video display terminals was slightly more prevalent among the case group (6.3%) than among the control group (5.0%). The mothers' education level, regular exposure to passive smoking at work, or temperature at the workplace were not risk factors for congenital heart disease in the offspring, neither was maternal exposure to microwave ovens, disinfectants, pesticides, or anesthetic gases. It is concluded that many maternal exposures at work seem not to have a teratogenic effect on the fetal heart, although the limited power of this investigation needs to be borne in mind.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

The Video Display Terminal Eye Clinic: clinical report.

The Video Display Terminal Eye Clinic was designed to relieve the symptoms of video display terminal users by diagnosing and treating visual problems and by analyzing the patients' work station environment through an in-office simulation and making suggestions for improvements. The Clinic was open to the public and patients were therefore self-selected. The symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments were compiled retrospectively and reported for 153 patients. Vision problems were diagnosed in most patients. The most frequent diagnoses included: presbyopia, improper spectacle design for presbyopia, accomodative deficiencies, esophoria, exophoria, and hyperopia. The results suggest that proper visual care and work station arrangement can improve comfort.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1991

The three most common occupational exposures reported by pregnant women: an update.

Many uncertainties exist in regard to counseling women with occupational exposures during pregnancy. This is due to limited knowledge of the reproductive toxicologic effects of industrial agents, lack of safety standards aimed at protecting the fetus, and limitations in assessing the extent of exposure. The approach to this subject taken by the Motherisk Program and a review of the three most common occupational exposures are presented. Epidemiologic studies and measurements of radiation do not suggest a reproductive hazard for video display terminals. Exposure to organic solvents is hard to quantitate, and information is sparse and sometimes contradictory, and therapeutic decisions are difficult to reach. To date there is no convincing evidence that working with organic solvents within safety regulations would harm a fetus, in contradistinction to detrimental fetal effects of solvent abuse. The reproductive risks of lead are well documented, fetal exposure can be assessed, and effective treatment exists, but its effects on the pregnancy have not been fully established. However, new evidence suggests that maternal levels that are much lower than the accepted adult limits may be damaging to the fetus.

Computer Terminals↗