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Results for “Cognitive Dissonance”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of a nutrition education programme 'learning by teaching' on the dietary attitudes of a group of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the structure of attitudes towards healthy food in a group of adolescents and (2) to evaluate the impact of a health education programme on these attitudes. The strategy used was to make 14-year-old schoolchildren learn about nutrition and dental health by teaching these topics to 10-year-old children. A pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design was used. The experimental group consisted of four classes of 14-year-old children from two schools and the reference group of four classes of the same age from two comparable schools. The data were collected prior to, immediately after, and, for the experimental group, two months after the implementation of the programme. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions of attitudes: PROHEALTH, TASTE, and SIGNIFICANT OTHERS. Analysis of covariance with pre-test measures as covariates showed a significant effect of the programme on PROHEALTH, no effect on TASTE, and a significant study group by gender interaction effect on SIGNIFICANT OTHERS, which, however, was impaired two months later. It is concluded that the change in attitudes can be explained by two mechanisms: dissonance arousal and discrepancy between personal attitudes and group norms; and that future programmes should emphasise affection rather than cognition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

"Saying one thing and doing another": examining the impact of event order on hypocrisy judgments of others.

This study investigated whether the temporal order of people's expressed statements and their behaviors affected others' judgments of hypocrisy, and why. It was proposed that hypocrisy would be greater when a statement establishing a personal standard preceded a behavior violating that standard as opposed to the reverse order. This order effect occurred in three studies, generalizing across two topic areas (healthy living and safe sex) and for both normative and non-normative statements (pro/anti-safe sex). Mediation analyses indicated that the reverse order mitigated against hypocrisy because the target's inconsistency was attributed to dispositional change. The discussion addresses additional variables likely to affect hypocrisy and the relationship of this research to hypocrisy paradigms in dissonance.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

When exemplification fails: hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity.

Two experiments investigated how the dissonance that follows a hypocritical behavior is reduced when 2 alternatives are available; a direct strategy (changing behavior to make it less hypocritical) or an indirect strategy (the affirmation of an unrelated positive aspect of the self). In Experiment 1, after dissonance was aroused by hypocrisy, significantly more participants chose to reduce dissonance directly, despite the clear availability of a self-affirmation strategy. In Experiment 2, participants again chose direct resolution of their hypocritical discrepancy, even when the opportunity to affirm the self held more importance for their global self-worth. The discussion focuses on the mechanisms that influence how people select among readily available strategies for dissonance reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Denial of responsibility: a new mode of dissonance reduction.

Denial of responsibility as a mode of dissonance reduction and the conditions under which it is likely to occur were explored in 3 experiments. Two experiments tested and supported the hypothesis that following a counterattitudinal behavior, participants prefer the mode of reduction made available to them first, regardless of whether it is attitude change, trivialization, or denial of responsibility. The 3rd experiment tested and supported the hypothesis that denial of responsibility reduces the negative affective state induced by dissonance. The mechanism of denial of responsibility in dissonance reduction is discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

Reducing the negative effects of emotion work in service occupations: emotional competence as a psychological resource.

Although emotion work and emotional competence focus on similar processes, there has been a lack of integration between the 2 concepts. Emotion work is the regulatory effort to express organizationally desired emotions, whereas emotional competence encompasses skills that focus on how people deal with and regulate their own affect and that of others. The general hypothesis of this study was that emotional competence can be regarded as an important personal resource in emotion work because it moderates the relationships between work characteristics, emotional dissonance, and outcome variables. Eighty-four service employees completed a questionnaire on their working conditions and their well-being. In addition, peer ratings for emotional competence were completed. The authors found that emotional competence moderated most of the proposed relationships between work characteristics and emotional dissonance, between emotional dissonance and outcome variables, and between work characteristics and outcome variables.

Adult↗