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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The natural occurring incidence of chromosome abnormalities in 330 chorionic villi samples in the first trimester of pregnancy].

The natural occurring incidence of chromosome abnormalities (ICA) and its clinical significance were investigated in 330 chorionic villi samples (CVS) from the first trimester of pregnancy. It was found that the ICACVS was 5.67 per cent (11/194) in the normal group and 11.77 per cent (16/136) in the risk group. The difference between two groups was highly significant (P less than 0.01). The result shows that the pregnant women with threatened abortion, history of spontaneous abortion and greater than or equal to 40 years old are the high-risk factors. Special attention should be paid to these cases in clinical genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1990

Direct chromosome preparation and culture using chorionic villi: an evaluation of the two techniques.

We present a comparison between direct chromosome preparation and cell culture for first trimester fetal chromosome study using chorionic villi. The 2 techniques have advantages and disadvantages and are demonstrated to be appropriate for routine diagnostic work. The combined use of both methods may optimize the quality of the chromosome study and minimize the possibility of false-positive and false-negative findings.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Multiple sulphatase deficiency: prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villi.

Multiple sulphatase deficiency was diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy by demonstrating markedly reduced activities of arylsulphatases and heparin sulphamidase by direct assays on chorionic villi (CV). The diagnosis was confirmed by assays on cell cultures of villi and fetal skin fibroblasts. Two further pregnancies of this mother were monitored similarly and predicted to be unaffected; one produced a normal healthy infant, the other miscarried shortly after CV sampling.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

[Morphometric studies of the histologically classified chorionic villi of human placentas].

The ratio between surfaces of mature and immature villi of 74 human placentae (17 from premature births and 57 from births on term) was morphometrically determined. The number of histologically classified chorionic villi was recorded, as well. The smallest surface and numbers of mature villi were recorded with significance from premature births and from hypotrophic newborns below the tenth weight percentile. The number of mature villi was found to grow continuously within a "transitional class" (tenth to 25th percentile) up to eutrophic newborns. This trend, however, was not recordable from immature villi. The diagnostic pattern recommended for routine examinations is based on numerical determination of so-called "mature normal villi".

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1998

Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes CAI and CAII in semen, decidua, chorionic villi and various fetal tissues.

ELISA methods were used to determine the concentrations of CAI and CAII in spermatozoa, seminal plasma, ovarian follicular fluid, decidual tissues, chorionic villi and various fetal tissues at 8-11 weeks gestation. Both CAI and CAII were expressed in all subjects except ovarian follicular fluid samples. The possible physiological role(s) of carbonic anhydrases in fertilization, implantation and fetal development are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum proteins in human chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy. An immunohistochemical study on normal tissue and tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions.

The presence of various proteins (mostly serum proteins) has been investigated in the chorionic villi of human placentas in the first term of gestation. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was employed. In normal chorionic tissue, i.e. obtained from therapeutic abortions, a positive staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1AC), albumin and IgG was observed in syncytiotrophoblast but not in cytotrophoblast. Staining for other proteins, including fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III), lysozyme, ferritin, orosomucoid, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), IgA, IgM and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M), was always negative in the trophoblast. Similar results were obtained in only a few cases of tissue obtained from spontaneous abortions which occurred during the first term of pregnancy. In the majority of spontaneous abortions a different immunohistochemical pattern was observed. The syncytiotrophoblast was immunonegative in the majority of cases, especially for albumin, whereas the cytotrophoblast showed a positive (although variable) reaction to A1AT, A1AC, albumin, IgG and orosomucoid antibodies. There is no evidence to indicate whether these differences are the cause or the secondary result of the spontaneous abortions, but we can hypothesize that they reflect an alteration of pinocytic functions of the trophoblast during the spontaneous abortions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

First-trimester diagnosis of Menkes disease: intermediate copper values in chorionic villi from three affected male fetuses.

Chorionic villus samples with copper contents of 1.91, 4.2, 5.6, and 6.3 ng/mg were observed in four cases with male karyotypes. These values were outside the range for unaffected males (0.30-0.85 ng/mg), and three of them were outside the control range (0.20-2.39 ng/mg). But these three values were below the values previously observed for affected Menkes fetuses (12.0-24.8 ng/mg). Follow-up by 64Cu uptake studies on the amniotic fluid cells was performed in three of these cases. A combination of 64Cu uptake and chase experiments on the amniotic fluid cells showed more convincingly than 64Cu uptake per se the direct copper values of 4.2 and 5.6 ng/mg to correspond to affected fetuses. Amniotic fluid cells from the male fetus with the CV copper value of 1.9 ng/mg showed normal results. The CV copper value of 6.3 ng/mg was considered pathognomonic for Menkes disease. The pregnancy was terminated, and the diagnosis was confirmed on fetal fibroblasts. Maternal deciduum prepared from the placentae showed in one of the cases with an affected fetus copper values ranging from 1.5 to 5.7 ng/mg. In six additional diagnostic cases, the copper content was determined in both CV samples and maternal deciduum. In three of these cases with normal CV sample copper, maternal decidua values of 4.85-7.8 ng/mg copper were observed. These results show that maternal deciduum contamination of a CV sample could cause a false-positive diagnosis.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The usefulness of the chorionic villi technic in prenatal diagnosis].

The chorion frondosum technique was performed, after a pilot study, in 33 early pregnancies (1986-1988). The procedure was carried out between the 8th and the 12th week of pregnancy, and the indications were the gravida's age, chromosomal abnormality in parents and in the child previously born in the family, and sex-linked disease. Out of 33 cultures examined after transcervical CF biopsy, 11 were confirmed also by the findings of early amniocentesis. The method of Siloni et al. was applied to chorion frondosum cells, both by direct and indirect cultivation: 28 of the total of 33 cultures were successful, while 5 failed. Three fetuses, one with balanced translocation and two normal ones, were spontaneously aborted in the first two weeks following the procedure. Three fetuses were aborted due to medical indication, two translocation forms of DS with the mother carrier of t 21/21 and one translocation form of Sy. Patau with the mother having mixoploidy 46; XX/45,XX,t(13q;13q). So far nine children of the predicted kariotype and sex have been born and their development is normal. The course of the remaining pregnancies is also normal, except for one with the spontaneous abortion in the 24th week.

Chorionic Villi Sampling↗
PubMed1993

[Randomized comparison of transabdominal, transcervical chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis].

The transabdominal chorionic villus sampling method was compared with the transcervical route and second trimester amniocentesis in a 3-winged randomised trial. Examination of 45 epidemiological variables showed the three procedure groups to be comparable at enrollment. In 3079 women at low genetic risk, we compared transabdominal with transcervical chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. The total fetal loss was 10.9%, 6.3% and 6.4% in the transcervical, transabdominal chorionic villus sampling groups and the amniocentesis group, respectively (p < 0.001). The two CVS procedures were compared in 2882 low and high genetic risk women with cytogenetically normal fetuses. Rates of unintended post-procedure loss were 3.7% and 7.7% for transabdominal CVS and transcervical CVS, respectively (p < 0.001), difference in rates 4.0%, 95% C.I. +2.3% to +5.8%. By a priori ultrasound scanning, more transcervical than transabdominal procedures (p < 0.001) were considered to be inaccessible for sampling. Our data indicate that transabdominal allows freer access to the placental site than transcervical sampling and is easier to adapt to than transcervical CVS. Women run comparable risks with transabdominal CVS and amniocentesis. Given the results of our study, transabdominal procedures remain the first choice for prenatal diagnosis and, since in our hands transcervical sampling entails an increased fetal risk, we have abandoned transcervical CVS in our two study centres.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Normal ranges of the activities of ten different enzymes in 100 independent preparations of chorionic villi. Comparison of specimens from induced abortions, biopsies, and cultured cells.

In order to obtain a large set of normal control values, the activities of three cytosolic enzymes of purine metabolism and seven lysosomal enzymes were determined in homogenates of chorionic villi derived from induced abortions of normal pregnancies (7th-12th week) in about 100 individual cases. Possible reasons for the rather wide ranges of normal distributions of enzyme activities are discussed. The values are compared: (1) with available data in the literature; (2) with activities determined in decidual homogenates prepared from the same samples; (3) with activities of cells of cultures established and grown from villi in the same samples; and (4) with enzyme activities measured in chorionic biopsies using the same methods. Implications for the prenatal diagnosis of the associated metabolic diseases are considered.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

[Chorionic villi sampling: choice of transcervical or transabdominal routes preferable to use of transcervical route exclusively].

Between November 1985 and June 1990 we performed 400 first trimester chorionic villi samplings (CVS). In the first 107 cases only transcervical CVS was performed, regardless of placental location. Later, 163 transcervical and 130 transabdominal CVS were performed, depending on placental location. Anterior and fundal placentas were approached transabdominally and posterior placentas transcervically. Multiple pregnancies were excluded. Successful results were obtained in 394 out of 400 cases. There were 5 failures in the first set of cases and 1 in the second (p < 0.05). In 14 cases (3.5%) fetuses with normal karyotypes were spontaneously aborted, 5 of these in the first period (4.7%) and 9 (3.1%) in the second. The spontaneous abortions in the second period followed transabdominal CVS in 4 cases out of 130 (3.1%) and the transcervical route in 5 cases out of 163 (3.105%). The average attempts per case in the first period was 1.44 (SD 0.66) while in the second it was 1.17 (SD 0.44, p < 0.0001) for the transcervical route and 1.06 (SD 0.2, p < 0.002) for the transabdominal route. In our experience choosing between transabdominal and transcervical CVS according to placental location is preferable to the sole use of transcervical CVS in terms of lower failure rate and fewer attempts per case. Proficiency in both techniques is mandatory for optimal results.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Physiological values of cysteine and metalloproteinase activities in chorionic villi.

Lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsin H, B + L) and metalloproteinase (MMP7-ase) activities were measured from early gestational period (6-12 weeks) in frozen, non-cultivated chorionic villi. The mean activity of cathepsin H was 50.99 mU/mg protein, of cathepsin B + L, 71.16 mU/mg protein, and of MMP7-ase, 16.16 mU/mg protein. The MMP7-ase enzyme activities showed a correlation with gestational age. There was a significant correlation between the activities of cathepsin H and MMP7-ase.

Cathepsins↗
PubMed2001

Candida sepsis following transcervical chorionic villi sampling.

BACKGROUND: The use of invasive devices and broad spectrum antibiotics has increased the rate of candidal superinfections. Candida sepsis associated with pregnancy is rare. Candida sepsis following chorionic villi sampling (CVS) has never been reported. CASE: A 31 -year-old pregnant woman presented with signs of sepsis one day after undergoing transcervical CVS. Blood culture and curettage material yielded C. albicans. She was treated with 400 mg of fluconazole daily for 4 weeks and completely recovered. CONCLUSION: Candida sepsis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis following CVS.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transcervical chorionic villi sampling: a comparison between the silver cannula and the Portex catheter.

The Portex catheter and the silver cannula are two of the most widely used biopsy devices for chorionic villus sampling. In a prospective randomized study we used these two devices alternatively in 168 women. Significantly more trophoblastic tissue was obtained with the silver cannula than with the Portex catheter (p less than 0.05) while significantly more failures to obtain villus tissue were recorded with the Portex cannula (8/84 with the silver cannula vs. 19/84 with the Portex cannula; p less than 0.05). In 27 cases where use of the device met with failure to obtain chorionic villi after three attempts the other instrument was then used in the same patient (combined group). Four pregnancies aborted spontaneously after the procedure (2.4%). Significantly more complications occurred in the 'combined' group (4/27 vs. 4/168, p less than 0.05). A higher yield of trophoblastic tissue is possible with the silver cannula than with the Portex catheter.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

Prenatal enzymatic diagnosis of Krabbe disease (globoid-cell leukodystrophy) using chorionic villi. Pitfalls in the use of uncultured villi.

Sixteen pregnancies in families with children enzymatically diagnosed as having Krabbe disease (KD) were monitored for prenatal KD using the assay of galactosyl ceramide beta-galactosidase (GCG) in uncultured chorionic villi (CV), cultured CV, or cultured amniotic fluid cells (AFC). Prenatal KD diagnoses were made for 5 pregnancies on the basis of lower than 10% normal GCG activity in cultured CV or AFC. Uncultured CV were studied in 3 out of the 5 KD embryos, although the GCG activities of 14%-23% as compared with control villi were diagnostically inconclusive; the relatively high activities were considered to be caused by maternal GCG contamination of these very small villus samples. Although the villi from 6 of the other pregnancies yielded more conclusive results, the use of uncultured CV alone is not recommended for prenatal KD diagnosis, this material being subject to possible uncontrolled contamination with maternal enzyme.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

[Prenatal fetal blood group determination using chorionic villi biopsy].

The presence or absence of Rhesus D, c and Kell antigens on foetal red blood cells was determined in the first trimester of pregnancy on erythrocytes obtained by chorionic villi sampling. Pregnancies in 15 severely sensitized women (9 Rh D, 5 Kell and I Rh c) with a poor obstetric history and a partner heterozygous for the offending antigen were examined. A conclusive diagnosis could be made in 13 of the 15 cases studied.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1992

Immunological studies in placentas with villitis of unknown etiology: complement components and immunoglobulins in chorionic villi.

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is a common placental lesion and complement-fixing immune complexes is one of the mechanisms proposed for its development. We examined 16 placentas with VUE and 16 without VUE by immunofluorescence in order to compare the distribution and amount of C1q, C3d, IgG and IgM in the chorionic villi between the two groups. We found both in cases with and without VUE a distribution of the complement components and immunoglobulins similar to that described in normal placentas. The amount of deposit was also not significantly different in the two groups. Only the inflamed villi showed an abnormal distribution of C1q which was present diffusely in the stroma of these villi.

Chorionic Villi↗