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Results for “Cerebral Decortication”

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PubMed1994

Effects of neonatal decortication on the social play of juvenile rats.

The effects of radical neonatal decortication on the social play of juvenile rats, as well as the effects of neonatal ablation of frontal or parietal cortex, were examined in this series of experiments. When total decorticates were tested in like-lesioned pairs, the frequency of pinning was reduced by about 50% and their average pin durations were shorter. Nevertheless, the play of decorticates appeared essentially normal in general appearance, and did not differ from controls in a measure of overall play vigor using an electronic activity platform. Further, there were no differences in pin frequencies when controls and decorticates were paired together in cross-lesion testing. Separate tests of play solicitation behaviors did not detect any differences between controls and decorticates suggesting that play motivation was essentially intact after decortication. No deficits in pinning resulted from frontal ablations; however, pin durations were shorter in like-lesion testing. In cross-lesion testing, there was an increase in dorsal contacts and a trend toward shortening of pin durations. Parietal aspirations resulted in a 65% reduction in pin frequency, without substantially altering dorsal contacts. Anesthetization of the anterior surface of the animal's back with xylocaine reduced pinning in controls but eliminated pinning in parietals. Although the results generally indicate little participation of the neocortex in the instigation of rough-and-tumble play, the reliable numerical changes that were observed may be explained by apparent motor changes as well as reduced somatosensory sensitivity.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Expression of zinc-positive cells and terminals in fetal neocortical homografts to adult rat depends on lesion type and rearing conditions.

Zinc-positive neurons and terminals, known to be associated with the glutamatergic projections in the brain, can be demonstrated by the histochemical Timm method and later modifications thereof. The adult rat neocortex contain a uniform lamination of zinc-positive cells with specific projections to, e.g., the striatum. We have previously reported that fetal neocortical grafts implanted in the adult rat neocortex combined with rearing in an enriched environment can improve behavioral functions and reduce the secondary atrophy of thalamus after cortex infarction in adult rats. In order to examine whether the expression of zinc positivity is ontogenetically inherent to neocortical neurons we grafted fetal neocortical tissue to aspiration or ischemic lesions of the frontoparietal neocortex of adult rats, followed by histochemical visualization of the vesicular zinc pool by selenite or sulfide. One further aim of the study was to elucidate to what extent the distribution of zinc-containing neurons and terminals in the grafts depended on rearing under different environmental conditions. The foremost finding of the present study was that the overall density of zinc-containing terminals in fetal cortical transplants placed in brain infarcts of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats is higher when the rats are reared in an enriched environment. Moreover, the presence and expression of zinc-positive neurons and terminals do not seem to be ontogenetically inherent to the cortical neurons as the fetal neocortical grafts placed in aspiration lesions contained no zinc-selenide-positive neurons and few or no zinc-selenide-positive terminals. The presence or expression of zinc-positive cells may thus be induced by ingrowth of fibers and terminals from the host brain as transplants placed in the ischemic lesions expressed both zinc-positive neurons and terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of methioninesulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, on the levels of amino acids in the intact and decorticated rat neostriatum.

The glutamate terminals in rat rostral neostriatum were removed on one side by ipsilateral frontal cortical ablation. Intraperitoneal administration of L-methioninesulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, induced different changes in amino acid concentration in the rostral neostriatum on the intact and decorticated sides. Glutamine was more reduced on the decorticated side than on the intact side. Glutamate changed less, but decreased more on the intact than on the lesioned side. There seems to be a correlation between the decrease in glutamine and the increase in alanine on both sides. GABA and taurine did not change significantly. The results indicate that the formation of glutamine probably formed from released glutamate is lower on the decorticated side than on the intact side.

Alanine↗
PubMed2005

Testing forelimb placing "across the midline" reveals distinct, lesion-dependent patterns of recovery in rats.

We describe a new test of vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing ability that allows testing of sensorimotor integration across the midline. Rats were given unilateral brain lesions using one of three methods: (1) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) causing significant damage to the cortex and striatum, (2) aspiration lesions to remove tissue from the sensorimotor cortex, and (3) infusions of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle, producing a parkinsonian syndrome. Application of the new test to these animals revealed that with some lesion types, the ability of vibrissae on the unimpaired side of the body to trigger placing in the functionally impaired forelimb recovers before vibrissae on the impaired side can elicit placing. This occurs despite the lack of any apparent vibrissae sensory deficit, since the contralesional vibrissae maintained the ability to trigger placing in the unimpaired forelimb in all lesions studied. Chronically, MCAo-lesioned rats do not place the impaired forelimb upon stimulation of the impaired-side vibrissae, but do place if the vibrissae on the good side are stimulated (i.e., when the placing is triggered "across the midline"). This is in contrast to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats which, consistent with parkinsonian akinesia, cannot place the impaired limb regardless of sensory trigger. Also, differences in the pattern of recovery between MCAo- and aspiration-lesioned rats suggest a possible anatomical substrate for cross-midline placing ability and its recovery. Unlike other tests, cross-midline placing methods can readily distinguish between severe stroke and severe parkinsonism in rats.

Animals↗