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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Non-comedogenic cosmetics.

The need for a "comedogenic-free" cosmetic for acne patients led to this study using the only available mode, the rabbit. To facilitate the formulation of this benign cover-up, a range of cosmetics and ingredients was tested. Many cosmetics, fractions, and modifications of lanolins were comedogenic, as were emulsifiers such as butyl sterate, isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate. From this data we incorporated non-comedogenic, into an acceptable cosmetic formulation for patients. The use of this formulation in susceptible acne-prone women reduced the rate of "acne cosmetica" in our clinic patients from 25% to less than 5%. We were unable to confirm a recent study suggesting that sulfur was a potent acnegen.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

[Allergy to cosmetics. I. Fragrances].

The authors report current information on allergy to aromatic agents present in cosmetics and products of household chemistry. In the perfume industry, about 3000 aromas are used. Single products may contain from 10 to 300 compounds. The problem of difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to odors is addressed. The mixture of 8 such products used in diagnostic screening is able to detect allergy only in about 30% of patients who do not tolerate cosmetics. Changing frequency of allergy to individual aromas is discussed. It has been now observed that cinnamon products are less allergic than chemical compounds present in oak moss. Since the 1990s of the last century, allergy to a synthetic aromatic agent, Lyral is the subject of interest in many research centers involved in studies of contact allergy. Half the cosmetics present in European markets, especially deodorants, after shave cosmetics, hand and body lotions contain this agent. It induces positive reactions in about 10% of patients allergic to aromatic agents. Detection of allergy to Lyral is difficult as it is not included in the set of commercial allergens used to diagnose hypersensitivity to aromatic agents.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1992

[Replacement of Kathon CG by Euxyl K 400 in cosmetics; from the frying pan into the fire?].

The recent negative publicity on the cosmetics preservative Kathon CG has made many cosmetic manufacturers look for safer alternatives. The most popular substitute appears to be Euxyl K 400, containing phenoxyethanol and methyldibromoglutaronitrile. Unfortunately, this preservative also induces allergic reactions to cosmetics and (at least in the Netherlands) to 'moist toilet paper'. Therefore, in cases of apparent reactions to cosmetics and of eczema ani, allergy to methyldibromoglutaronitrile should be suspected. Testing the finished products often results in false-negative reactions, and consequently the allergen (suggested concentration 0.05% in petrolatum) should preferably be tested separately.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2004

The evidential value of cosmetic foundation smears in forensic casework.

Cosmetic foundation products are easily transferred to clothing and other surfaces as a result of contact with such objects. Examination of past cases involving cosmetics in New Zealand has shown cosmetic foundation to be one of the more common cosmetic products encountered. The aim of this research was to determine the most discriminating method for the comparison of transferred foundation with samples obtained from a known source in forensic casework. Fifty-three foundation samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX). It was found that a 5 mm2 section of a light smearing was enough to provide detectable results. The discriminating powers for FTIR, SEM-EDX and GC-FID were 98.3, 93.8, and 82.0% respectively. A combination of all three techniques provided a discriminating power of 99.7%, meaning that almost complete discrimination was achieved between the foundation samples.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2000

[Prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics in two areas in Dakar (Sénégal)].

The use of skin bleaching cosmetics is an increasingly widespread phenomenon in Africa. If the negative sanitary effects of this practice are today well known, reliable statistics on the importance of the problem within the global population are rare. Our study, conducted in two popular areas in Dakar, Usine bene taly and Usine Niary Taly, had 2 objectives: to determine the prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics in the studied zones, to describe the prevalence according to the following variables: age, matrimonial situation, level and/or type of instruction, job, type of agents used. For that purpose, we conducted a transverse study on a representative sample of 600 women from 15 to 55 years old. This study reveals a prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics of 67.2%. The agents found are hydroquinone derivatives (61%), topical corticosteroids (37%) and agents from unknown origin (2%). The use of skin bleaching cosmetics is more important among young women between 30 to 44 years (72.5%), married (72.2%), analphabets (75%), working (77.6%). Studies conducted in Mali and Togo gave comparable results, which give perspectives for a prevention based on education an awareness.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

[Study on spectral properties of Chinese herbal medicines additives in cosmetic].

Chinese herbal medicines as additives in cosmetic can both keep the properties of cosmetic and have maintaining, health protection and remedial effect. Some of the Chinese herbal medicines can absorb ultraviolet and cure sunburn. This article mainly studies the spectral properties of several kinds of Chinese herbal medicine additives in cosmetic by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer, and analyses the ultraviolet absorption of the Chinese herbal medicine additives. It was shown that gynostemma pentaphyllum can absorb ultraviolet very well. It can be a promising natural additive in the health protection cosmetic. Codonopsis pilosula, floss chrysanthemum indicum, radix scutellariae and radix glycyrrhizae can absorb ultraviolet. They can also be the additives, while ligusticum wallichii can't absorb ultraviolet, so it can not be used as the sunburn protection additive.

Codonopsis↗
PubMed2006

[Allergic contact dermatitis to cocamidopropyl betaine among Israeli patients with cosmetic allergy].

INTRODUCTION: Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is an amphoteric surfactant commonly used in rinse-off cosmetic products. There is still a debate concerning the actual allergen in CAPB. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of CAPB allergy and its characteristics among Israeli patients. METHODS: A hundred consecutive patients with suspected cosmetic allergy were patch tested. They underwent standard and cosmetic series patch tests. RESULTS: Six patients, all females, were allergic to CAPB. Relevance rate was 66%. No significant characteristics were found among allergic patients. CONCLUSION: The rate of CAPB allergy is similar to the prevalence worldwide. CAPB became one of the leading causes of cosmetic allergy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sanitary control of cosmetics].

In the Lombardia region (Italy), the function of sanitary control of cosmetic products has been delegated to the local health units (ASL). The Province of Milano 1 Local Health Unit therefore carried out a cosmetics surveillance programme involving 92 cosmetic firms located in its territory. Manufacturing and storage conditions of cosmetics produced by the local firms were evaluated and overall, good sanitary conditions were found.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Cosmetics and contact dermatitis.

A complete work-up of most patients with cosmetic allergies can be performed satisfactorily in a dermatologist's office without expensive equipment. After taking a complete history and performing a thorough examination, a biopsy is seldom required. Examine all the patient's cosmetics, eliminate the strong irritants, and proceed with product patch testing. Patch testing with the AAD allergen test tray at the same time is frequently helpful. When results are doubtful or do not fit with the information obtained from the history and examination, supplemental provocative use tests often clarify what information is clinically relevant. Patch testing with ingredients that dermatologists have obtained from cosmetic manufacturers or other sources often provides a helpful, definitive answer for the patient. Always provide the patient with information about cross-reactions and the official name of the allergen as it will appear on a cosmetic label to prevent recurrences.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1991

Eye cosmetics.

Eye cosmetics are useful to highlight and emphasize the eyes. Currently available eye cosmetics include eye shadows, eye shadow setting creams, under-eye concealers, eye-liners, mascaras, artificial eyelashes, and eyebrow pencils. Special care must be taken when patients with sensitive skin or contact lens wearers select eye cosmetics. Eye cosmetics may also be the cause of either irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, which are two causes of the upper-eyelid dermatitis syndrome.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A rational method of cosmetic eye prosthesis].

Effective cosmetic rehabilitation of patients with anophthalmia can be activated if methods based on the use of the cosmetic parameters for prostheses, listed below, are employed: (1) eyelid position and relief, (2) eye opening, (3) position of the iris and pupil, (4) diameters of the iris and pupil, (5) position and decline of the prosthesis, (6) depth of the prosthesis position in the orbit, (7) cavity filling with the prosthesis, (8) prosthesis mobility, (9) sclera color, (10) iris color. These prosthetic cosmetic parameters are of paramount importance for effective cosmetic rehabilitation of anophthalmia patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Requests made by dermatology in relation to cosmetics].

Nowadays, cosmetic preparations are developed and tested with the same care as pharmacons by serious producers, whose proficiency includes solid knowledge on the physiology and pharmacology of the skin. Since the law restricts the use of effective substances, these products are often introduce on the market under fantasy names and vague declarations of their effects. In this field, the dermatologist calls for more openness and clarity, especially with regard to the effectiveness of the preparation and its compatibility with the so-called "problem skin". A declaration of allergologically relevant components of cosmetics is necessary to protect the allergic consumer from recurrences of his contact dermatitis. This will contribute to a further reduction of the already small number of allergic side effects of cosmetics. A close cooperation between dermatologists and the cosmetic industry will be useful for both sides and doubtlessly to the advantage of the user of these products.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Eye cosmetics for wearers of contact lenses.

Consumer research estimates that 13 million women over the age of eighteen currently wear contact lenses, and this number is expected to grow to 30 million by the year 2000. This same research reports that 70 percent of these women use eye cosmetics. Many women who wear contact lenses are concerned about which eye cosmetics to use. Physicians are increasingly asked to help their patients concerning this issue. This paper identifies some of the factors affecting contact lens wearers' use of eye cosmetics and provides a general guide for discussing eye cosmetic use by contact lens wearers.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1982

The role of cosmetics in postadolescent acne.

The role of cosmetics in the induction and perpetuation of adult acne has been debated. This study reports the effects of a cosmetic regimen consisting of six formulations of low predicted acnegenic potential on the course of mild postadolescent acne in ten young women. No increase in activity of disease as measured by comedo and inflammatory papule counts was noted in these subjects; on the contrary, a decreasing trend in the total number of comedones and papules was noted throughout the cosmetic use period of the study. The premarketing "in-use" testing of cosmetic formulations intended for use by the postadolescent consumer with mild acne is suggested.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Cosmetics and contact lenses.

Cosmetics, as broadly defined, are used by almost all contact lens wearers of both sexes. Because of the composition of various cosmetic products, contact lenses can be soiled or damaged. The improper use of cosmetics can even cause damage to the eye. More commonly, allergic reactions occur that can jeopardize the continued wear of lenses. This paper reviews the complications that can occur, the available treatment options, and the recommendations for the safe and prudent use of cosmetics.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of the chorioallantoic membrane in the chick embryo to test the irritation potential of chemical and cosmetic products].

A large number of new chemicals and cosmetics are introduced every year and it is necessary to find a reliable method for the detection of potential irritants. Hitherto used, for this purpose, in vivo rabbit eye test (Draize's test) should be substituted by alternatives because of ethical and legal aspects. One of the most promising method predicting the irritant potential is test performed on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo (CAM-test) [5]. This membrane is a complete tissue including arteries, capillaries and veins and is technically easy to study. The aim of the study was to check reliability and sensitivity of the test. The principles of the method are simple. The test substance (pure, dissolved or suspended) is applied to the CAM at a volume of 200 microliters. The blood vessels and the remaining parts of the membrane are examined and scored for irritant effects (hyperaemia, lysis or coagulation) after 0.5, 2 and 5 minutes treatment. The numerical, time-dependent score (Table III) are summed to give a single numerical value indicating the irritation potential of the tested substance (Table II). The final assessment is based on the mean value from four experiments. A summary of the results of CAM irritation testing of some of chemicals and cosmetics is given in Tables IV, V and VI. Table VII shows results of assessment of irritation potential of various cosmetics tested by two methods: CAM and Draize eye tests. It was found that CAM test is a rapid and very sensitive method which can give an information on the potential of irritation of chemical substances and cosmetics.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of skin disorders associated with the use of bleaching cosmetics by Lome women].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of cutaneous complications among women who used bleaching cosmetics in Lomé, Togo. Of 536 women who used these cosmetics, 371 (69.2%) had at least one dermatological complication. The bleaching agents used were mercury derivatives (30.9%), hydroquinones (24%), topical corticosteroids (18.5%) and products of unknown composition (25.6%). The main dermatological side-effects were hypochromia (62.8%), hyperchromia (2.7%), melanoleucoderma (8.1%), acne (11.6%), and skin trophic disorders (14.8%). The occurrence of these complications was associated with the length of time for which the chemicals were used and the simultaneous use of different classes of these cosmetics. This study shows that dermatological complications are common in women using skin-bleaching cosmetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Microorganisms in drugs and cosmetics - occurrence, harms and consequences in hygienic manufacturing (author's transl)].

The quantity of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with different composition and the diversity of contaminating microorganisms set up special problems for each product with its specific field of application. It is not exact to generalize the hazard of contaminating microorganisms to product cathegories. Some product cathegories however are more imperilled to be contaminated with microorganisms and they are more hazardous than other ones. The most important component of the living matter is water that decides on growth, multiplication and survival of microorganisms in drugs and cosmetics. Products with a high content of available water are the most problematic ones. The consequences of survival and multiplication of microorganisms in relation to metabolic activity, pathogenicity and route of administration can be harmless or fatal. The nutritive wants of many microorganisms are very small, even simple salt solutions do not exclude microbial growth. There scarcely exist substrates not used as energy source by any microorganism and so it does not wonder that desinfectants are also used. Added preservatives may be absorbed or inactivated by suspended anorganic components, swelling agents, solubilizers etc., the containers or its closing. In the water phase of emulsions, in which under special conditions smaller amounts of the preservative are available, microorganisms sometimes can multiply. Skin care products neither belonging to pharmaceuticals nor to cosmetics present special clinical problems. Many times creams and lotions contain ingredients metabolized by microorganisms. Ointments and oils can be overgrown only by highly specialized organisms but if there is condensed water as a film at boundary surfaces much more microorganism species can grow. When using cosmetics it must be considered that parts of them will get into the eye. The eye is really endangered by Pseudomonads, which can according to the composition multiply in shampoos and whose contact to the eye can not be excluded. Syrups and solutions contain sugar concentrations, which suppress growth of most microorganisms except osmotolerant germs. Because of their low water content powders normally are protected against microbial growth but they should be free from clostridial spores for a mixture of powder and sweat is a good nutrient medium to Clostridia and fungi. Powders for surgical use must be sterile. Tablets and dragees do not allow microbial multiplication because of their low water activity. Under bad storage conditions a local increase of water content may permit microbial growth at the surface, especially in hygroscopicity. Fortunately there is seen a trend of not using multi-dose-containers for injections because of the high risk of contamination. It is to develop single-dose-containers also for other groups of preparations especially for eye-preparations. Many products microbiologically unobjectionable produced are contaminated in use, they contain the spectrum of microorganisms of the area of application...

Bacteria↗