Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “COLORADO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection among dairy cows in Colorado and herd-level risk factors for seropositivity.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection among adult dairy cows in Colorado and determine herd-level factors associated with the risk that individual cows would be seropositive. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. ANIMALS: 10,280 adult (> or = 2 years old) dairy cows in 15 herds in Colorado. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were tested with a commercial ELISA. A herd was considered to be infected with MAP if results of mycobacterial culture of > or = 1 individual cow fecal sample were positive or if > or = 1 culled cow had histologic evidence of MAP infection. RESULTS: 424 of the 10,280 (4.12%) cows were seropositive. Within-herd prevalence of seropositive cows ranged from 0% to 7.82% (mean, 2.6%). Infection was confirmed in 11 dairies. Cows in herds that had imported > or = 8% of their current herd size annually during the preceding 5 years were 3.28 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds that imported < 8%. Cows in herds with > or = 600 lactating cows were 3.12 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds with < 600 lactating cows. Cows in herds with a history of clinical signs of MAP infection were 2.27 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds without clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Annual importation rate, herd size, and whether cows in the herd had clinical signs typical of MAP infection were associated with the risk that individual cows would be seropositive for MAP infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Newspaper coverage of injuries affecting the Spanish surname population in two counties in Colorado.

The present study assessed newspaper reports of injuries affecting individuals with Spanish surnames and compared newspaper reports to hospital injury discharge data in two counties in Colorado. Newspaper reports came from 12 daily and weekly newspapers. Hospital discharge data were obtained from the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment. Motor vehicle crashes, assault and legal intervention, and suicide and suicidal acts were counted. A higher proportion of people with Spanish surnames were reported in newspapers than expected based on the hospital discharge data. Motor vehicle injuries were far more frequent based on hospital discharge data than in newspaper reports. Assault and legal intervention injuries were similarly represented by Hispanic ethnicity and absolute numbers in both reporting sources. Suicide and suicidal acts were not often reported in newspapers relative to hospital discharge data; however, the proportion of Hispanics was not significantly different. These findings suggest that the use of newspapers for surveillance of injuries may be helpful, but should not be used in the absence of other data sources.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Management practices and their association with reproductive health and performance in Colorado beef herds.

An observational study was conducted to quantify the effects of management practices on reproductive performance and disorders of beef cows. The study population consisted of 44 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf herds monitored for disease and reproductive events as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. The managers of the herds were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire to determine specific management characteristics of their operations. Data were analyzed using the random-effects multiple logistic regression model. Outcomes of interest were calving rate, herd incidence rates of dystocia and combined reproductive disorders, and calf mortality rate. A higher calving rate was associated (P less than .01) with a decreased percentage of replacement females in the herd, a shorter breeding season, a smaller herd size, and a lower percentage of bulls being used as yearlings. Incidence rates of both dystocia and combined reproductive disorders were found to be lower (P less than .01) in herds that were fed cottonseed cake as a winter supplement, but higher (P less than .01) in herds that were fed grass hay as a winter supplement. Herds located in the mountains of Colorado had lower (P less than .01) incidence rates of dystocia and reproductive disorders than herds located in the eastern plains. Calf mortality rate was found to be higher (P less than .05) with calving seasons that began earlier in the year. Higher calf mortality rates were associated (P less than .05) with an increased incidence of dystocia, the commingling of cattle on summer range, and smaller herd size.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorado family practice graduates' preparation for and practice of emergency medicine.

BACKGROUND: Family physicians provide care in emergency departments, especially in rural areas; however, no published data describe how they perceive their preparation for emergency practice. We surveyed graduates of Colorado family practice residencies concerning their emergency medicine practice, their comfort working in emergency departments, and their perceived preparation for practicing emergency medicine. METHODS: Seventy recent graduates of Colorado residencies were surveyed regarding their location, work in emergency departments, contact with emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, and perceptions about their emergency medical training. RESULTS: Forty-five percent of respondents practiced in rural settings, 33% worked in emergency departments (56% rural, 14% urban), 60% reported contact with EMS personnel (91% rural, 32% urban), 54% believed their training adequately prepared them for working in emergency departments (82% rural vs 32% urban), 63% of rural and 22% of urban respondents indicated they wanted more major trauma experience during training, 70% reported discomfort with managing trauma, and 44% were interested in a 6-month emergency medicine fellowship. CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents believed their training in emergency medicine was adequate; however, most also reported discomfort with trauma management. Improved training for family physicians who provide emergency care could include expanded trauma care opportunities, increased work with EMS personnel, and postresidency training.

Advanced Cardiac Life Support↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of an arenavirus in white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula), southeastern Colorado, 1995-1999.

From 1995 to 1999, we conducted longitudinal studies of white- throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) in southeastern Colorado. Forty-five (42.9%) of 105 female and 15 (26.8%) of 56 male N. albigula had antibodies against Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Sixteen female and three male N. albigula seroconverted during the study period, most of them during July-November, when population densities are highest. Analyses of longevity data, minimum numbers alive and infected, movements, and weight data suggest that the dominant mode of WWAV transmission among white-throated woodrats in Colorado is direct contact. WWAV was recently reported to cause fatal infection in humans. Our findings will lead to better assessment of the public health threat posed by infected woodrats and may be useful in predicting periods of increased risk for human infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis above and below a point source of infectivity in the upper Colorado River.

We exposed 9 wk old rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to ambient levels of Myxobolus cerebralis infectious stages at 4 sites of suspected differing infectivity in the Colorado River. Exposure was estimated by periodic filtration of river water at each exposure location. After a 32 d exposure, the fish were held in the Colorado River at a common site for over a year. Resulting infection was evaluated by the presence of clinical signs (whirling behavior, cranial deformity/exophthalmia, and black tail), severity of microscopic lesions, and myxospore counts (8, 10, 12, and 14 mo post-exposure). Two exposure sites that were immediately downstream of Windy Gap Reservoir were much higher in infectivity than the site above the reservoir or the site 26 km downstream of the reservoir. Rainbow trout exposed at those locations showed higher prevalence of clinical signs of whirling disease, more severe histological evidence of infection and higher average myxospore concentrations than those exposed above the reservoir or 26 km below the reservoir. Many more M. cerebralis actinospores were observed from water filtration at the 2 sites immediately below the reservoir compared to the other sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: epidemiologic and entomologic studies.

An epizootic of vesicular stomatitis (VS) caused by the New Jersey serotype of VS virus affected livestock and humans in 14 western states in 1982-1983. Epidemiological observations were made on at least 10% of the cattle in 4 dairy herds that were located in the vicinity of Grand Junction, Colorado. High rates of neutralizing antibody to the New Jersey serotype were seen in all cattle regardless of whether livestock in the dairy had clinical VS or a decrease in mild production. Antibody titers remained high in these cattle for as long as 2 years after the epizootic. No virus isolations were made from 32 humans with clinical signs compatible with viral disease. Entomological information was obtained during the epizootic from 23 premises in northwestern Colorado. Insect collections yielded 4 isolates from Culicoides spp. midges, 2 from C. variipennis, and 1 each from C. stellifer and C. (Selfia) spp. This is the first report of VS virus isolations from field-collected Culicoides.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based practice patterns: a survey of occupational therapists in Colorado.

OBJECTIVE: This purpose of this study was to describe school-based occupational therapy practice for kindergarten through twelfth-grade students in Colorado and to examine occupational therapy practice in light of current education policy and published views of best practice. METHOD: Study data were provided by 105 occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants who completed a 24-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Occupational therapists carried an average caseload of 43.68 students; most frequently served kindergarten through third-grade students with perceptual or communicative disabilities; and delivered services most often in pullout treatment areas. Practitioners spent most of their work week providing direct services. Remedial or developmental approaches were used 62% of the time and compensatory and educational approaches 37% of the time. Individualized education program goals addressed by occupational therapists were most frequently developed by the occupational therapist and targeted students' sensory or motor impairments. Workshops on autism and sensorimotor intervention techniques were reported as the primary and preferred forms of professional development. CONCLUSION: The strong majority of reported occupational therapy services contrasted with emerging views of best practice. They were, however, consistent with the Colorado Department of Education's guidelines for "motor specialists" that address occupational therapy, physical therapy, and adaptive physical educators working in schools. Study findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central Colorado.

To evaluate the prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central Colorado, fecal samples were obtained from client-owned dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Colorado State University for evaluation of acute small-bowel, large-bowel, or mixed-bowel diarrhea (n=71) and from age-matched, client-owned, healthy dogs (n=59). Infectious agents potentially associated with gastrointestinal disease were detected in 34 of 130 (26.1%) fecal samples. Agents with zoonotic potential were detected in feces from 21 (16.2%) of 130 dogs and included Giardia spp. (5.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (3.8%), Toxocara canis (3.1%), Salmonella spp. (2.3%), Ancylostoma caninum (0.8%), and Campylobacter jejuni (0.8%). Positive test results occurred in dogs with or without gastrointestinal signs of disease. Dogs, particularly those in homes of immunocompromised humans, should be evaluated for enteric zoonotic agents.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed1976

Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild and domestic animals of New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado.

Using the Sabin-Feldman dye test, sera from wild and domestic animals in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The prevalence of positive titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) in animals from these areas was: New Mexico (178 of 569, 31%), Arizona (11 of 56, 20%), and Colorado (2 of 7, 29%). The overall prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma was 30% (191 of 632). Nine of 17 fecal samples from wild zoo felines contained Toxoplasma-like oocysts which were inoculated per os and intraperitoneally into mice. Mice from six of these nine inoculations later showed positive dye test titers and tissues from five of these six groups had tissue cysts when examined histologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Helminths and ectoparasites of the common snipe (Capella gallinago L.) from Southwest Texas and Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado.

Sixty common snipe, (Capella gallinago), collected from Hudspeth County, Texas and 13 collected from Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado were examined for metazoan parasites. The parasites recovered were Cestoda: Amoebotaenia fuhrmanni, Haploparaxis brachyphallos, Haploparaxis crassirostris, Haploparaxis echinovatum, Haploparaxis sp., Hymenolepis calumnacantha, Hymenolepis sp. I, Hymenolepis sp. II; Trematoda: Cyclocoelum mutabile, Echinostoma revolutum, Tanaisia fedtschenkoi; Nematoda: Capillaria contorta, Cosmocephalus capellae, Tetrameres coloradensis; Acanthocephala: Arhythmorhynchus capellae; Mallophaga: Austromenopon duristosum and Rhynonirmus scolopacis. More species of parasites were recovered from fall migrants; (12), than from spring migrants, (10). The cestode Haploparaxis echinovatum was recorded from North America for the first time. The parasite fauna recorded in this study did show some concentration for dominance by Simpson's index (0.33). This parasite fauna was most similar to that reported by Schmidt from snipe collected in Northern Colorado (67%).

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus in wild coyotes in southeastern Colorado.

Serum from 72 wild coyotes (Canis latrans) in southeastern Colorado (USA) was collected and analyzed for prevalence of antibody to canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) from 1985 to 1988. The prevalence of antibodies to CPV and CDV was 71% and 57%, respectively, for the 4 yr of the study. Prevalence of antibody to CPV did not differ among years, between sexes, or with age. Prevalence of antibody to CDV did not differ among years or between sexes, but was significantly higher in adults (62%) than juveniles (33%). Prevalence of antibodies against CPV and CDV in southeastern Colorado was comparable to results reported in other serologic surveys in the western United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Elaeophora schneideri in moose (Alces alces) from Colorado.

Two adult moose (Alces alces) from Colorado (USA) were naturally infected with Elaeophora schneideri. Both animals had patent infections indicating that moose may serve as definitive hosts. Gross and histological lesions were characterized by fibromuscular intimal proliferation within the carotid arteries and rete mirabile cerebri. This is the first report of Elaeophora schneideri in moose from Colorado.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Epizootiology of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids in Colorado and Wyoming.

Surveillance and epidemic modeling were used to study chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that occurs naturally among sympatric, free-ranging deer (Odocoileus spp.) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations in contiguous portions of northeastern Colorado and southeastern Wyoming (USA). We used clinical case submissions to identify endemic areas, then used immunohistochemistry to detect CWD-infected individuals among 5,513 deer and elk sampled via geographically-focused random surveys. Estimated overall prevalence (prevalence, 95% confidence interval) in mule deer (4.9%, 4.1 to 5.7%) was higher than in white-tailed deer (2.1%, 0.5 to 3.4%) or elk (0.5%, 0.001 to 1%) in endemic areas; CWD was not detected in outlying portions of either state. Within species, CWD prevalence varied widely among biologically- or geographically-segregated subpopulations within the 38,137 km2 endemic area but appeared stable over a 3-yr period. The number of clinical CWD cases submitted from an area was a poor predictor of local CWD prevalence, and prevalence was typically > or =1% before clinical cases were first detected in most areas. Under plausible transmission assumptions that mimicked field data, prevalence in epidemic models reached about 1% in 15 to 20 yr and about 15% in 37 to 50 yr. Models forecast population declines once prevalence exceeded about 5%. Both field and model data supported the importance of lateral transmission in CWD dynamics. Based on prevalence, spatial distribution, and modeling, we suggest CWD has been occurring in northeastern Colorado and southeastern Wyoming for >30 yr, and may be best represented as an epizootic with a protracted time-scale.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in Medicare reimbursement in Colorado: impact on physicians' economic behavior.

In 1976 there was a change in Medicare reimbursement policy in the State of Colorado. This study analyzes the impact of that change on physicians' economic behavior. Through 1976, prevailing charges (one of the determinants of the level of physician reimbursement under Medicare) were computed separately within each of 10 regions of Colorado. Since then, they have been computed for the State as a whole, and thus, physicians in like specialties have had equal prevailing charges throughout the State. This change in reimbursement policy led to a relative increase in prevailing charges for physicians in small urban and nonurban areas of the State, and a relative decrease for physicians in the major urban areas. In this paper we analyze the impact of this change on several aspects of physician behavior. We found that physicians whose reimbursement rates declined as a result of the change--primarily those in the Denver/Boulder area--provided more-intensive medical services, had lower assignment rates, and charged lower prices than they would have in the absence of the change.

Colorado↗
PubMed2001

Outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae--Colorado, 2000.

On May 18, 2000, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) was contacted by a family physician in Moffat County, Colorado (1998 population: 12,700), about a large number (>50) of community-acquired pneumonia cases diagnosed by chest radiograph in a group practice over several months. An investigation by state public health officials and CDC implicated Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the cause of illness. This report summarizes the results of the investigation and underscores the importance of investigating outbreaks of severe unexplained respiratory illness to enable implementation of appropriate treatment and control measures.

Colorado↗
PubMed2001

Effects of copper on olfaction of Colorado pikeminnow.

Effects of copper on olfaction of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) were investigated by exposing fish for 24 or 96 h, then evaluating olfactory ability using a behavioral assay and observing olfactory structures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The behavioral assay measured a response known as fright reaction. Failure of exposed fish to demonstrate a fright reaction in the presence of skin homogenate assumed to contain fright pheromone was considered evidence of copper-induced loss of olfactory ability. Regression analysis was used to describe the response of fish as a function of copper concentration at each exposure duration. Olfactory ability declined with increasing copper concentration. For copper concentrations less than 66 microg/L, olfaction was more sensitive to exposure at 24 h than at 96 h. This result suggests that physiological adaptation and recovery of sensory ability occurred despite continuous exposure in the 96-h treatment. Protective mechanisms induced by exposure may have reduced sensitivity to copper by 96 h. Systematic surveys using SEM to detect presence or absence of olfactory receptors confirmed results of behavioral assays. Copper concentrations in one river inhabited by Colorado pikeminnow were compared with effective concentrations estimated by regression. Comparisons suggest that ambient copper concentrations may occasionally inhibit olfaction of wild fish.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2002

Fetal alcohol syndrome--Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York, 1995-1997.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States. FAS is diagnosed on the basis of a combination of growth deficiency (pre- or postnatal), central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, facial dysmorphology, and maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. Estimates of the prevalence of FAS vary from 0.2 to 1.0 per 1,000 live-born infants. This variation is due, in part, to the small size of the populations studied, varying case definitions, and different surveillance methods. In addition, differences have been noted among racial/ethnic populations. To monitor the occurrence of FAS, CDC collaborated with five states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, New York, and Wisconsin*) to develop the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network (FASSNet). This report summarizes the results of an analysis of FASSNet data on children born during 1995-1997, which indicate that FAS rates in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 per 1,000 live-born infants and were highest for black and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. This study demonstrates that FASSNet is a useful tool that enables health care professionals to monitor the occurrence of FAS and to evaluate the impact of prevention, education, and intervention efforts.

Alaska↗