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Results for “Bone Marrow Neoplasms”

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PubMed2002

Malignant melanoma metastatic to bone marrow.

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is a useful means of detecting systemic involvement in patients with non haematological malignancy. Metastases of malignant melanoma may be detected in the bone marrow in a small percentage of patients. Two cases of malignant melanoma, with metastasis to marrow at the time of presentation, are described. In one case, bone marrow was the first site where the malignancy was identified. Subsequent investigations revealed an anal melanoma. In the second case, the patient had widespread dissemination from a tonsillar melanoma to many organs of the body, including bone marrow.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in hematological malignancies.

Despite its lack of specificity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the bone marrow has the potential to play a role in the management of patients with primary neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic system, including lymphomas, leukemias and multiple myeloma. In addition to its use in the assessment of suspected spinal cord compression, bone marrow MRI could be used as a prognostic method or as a technique to assess the response to treatment. The current review addresses the common patterns of bone marrow involvement observed in primary neoplasms of the bone marrow, basic technical principles of bone marrow MRI, and several applications of MRI in selected clinical situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mott cell myeloma].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of disseminated cancer cells in rib marrow of patients with esophageal cancer.

In the present study, micrometastasis in the rib marrow of 24 patients with esophageal cancer was examined using RT-PCR. RT-PCR was done using primers corresponding to cytokeratin 18 (CK18), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In 18 cases, CK18 was also detected in the rib marrow. Only one patient exhibited CEA amplification in the rib marrow. No cases demonstrated SCC amplification as a marker of micrometastasis in the rib marrow. The information from micrometastasis detected in the rib marrow using RT-PCR is useful in deciding whether or not adjuvant therapy is necessary after surgery. However, combined analysis using plural markers should be required since sensitivity or specificity of each marker may vary. Further follow-up of the patients is necessary to clarify the clinical impact of micrometastasis in rib marrow.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Limitations of the immunocytochemical detection of isolated tumor cells in frozen samples of bone marrow obtained from melanoma patients.

We report on a case of a 70-year-old woman with an ocular melanoma, which was diagnosed and treated 14 years ago. The patient was referred to the hospital with a suspected lymphoma. Cytological examination of bone marrow proved a marked infiltration with melanoma cells. Because detection of isolated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with various types of tumors was shown to be of prognostic significance and since current tumor-staging techniques are unable to detect single disseminated tumor cells or small aggregates of tumor cells, which might be the seed for subsequent metastatic relapse, we therefore evaluated the feasibility of immunocytochemical screening of bone marrow aspirates of 36 melanoma patients in different clinical stages using three monoclonal antibodies against melanoma-associated antigens in comparison with 43 non-melanoma control patients. Two of these antibodies (HMB45 and NKI-beteb) are directed against the melanoma antigen gp100/pmel17, whereas the third one (TA99) recognizes gp75/Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). None of the patients demonstrated a macroscopic bone marrow infiltration as was present in our patient with metastatic ocular melanoma. Seven (20.6%) of the 34 eligible melanoma patients presented with cells in the bone marrow positive for one or more of the above-mentioned melanosomal markers. Four of the positive patients were clinically free of tumors by the time of puncture, whereas the remaining 3 patients showed overt metastases in the subcutaneous fat (2 patients) and the brain (1 patient). On the other hand, 20 (66%) of the 29 patients with negative bone marrow findings also presented with clinical advanced disease with overt metastasis in the skin, lymph node, spleen, liver, lung, bone and brain. In conclusion, immunocytochemical screening of bone marrow samples is a feasible procedure that allows the detection of micrometastatic tumor cells in a subset of melanoma patients. Massive invasion of bone marrow with melanoma cells is a rare event even in far-advanced metastatic stages and no clear correlation between tumor load and bone marrow infiltration could be established.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Detection of microscopic neuroblastoma in marrow by histology, immunocytology, and reverse transcription-PCR of multiple molecular markers.

We explored the use of multiple molecular markers to overcome tumor heterogeneity. Sixty-seven neuroblastoma (NB) tumors were tested for the expression of GAGE, MAGE-1, MAGE-2, MAGE-3, and MAGE-4 by reverse transcription-PCR. Eighty-two percent of 67 NB tumors had detectable GAGE, and 88% expressed at least one of the four MAGE genes. By combining GAGE and MAGE, we found that 64 of 67 (95%) of tumors became detectable and 17 of 67 coexpressed all five molecular markers. Neither GAGE nor MAGE expression correlated with stage. GAGE was found to have the broadest (18 of 18) expression among stage 4 tumors. A total of 259 bone marrows from 99 patients were then studied for NB positivity by four detection methods: histology (aspirate by Wright-Giemsa and biopsy by H&E staining), immunocytology (by a panel of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies), and molecular detection by GAGE and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. Two hundred seven samples were NB positive by one or more detection methods. All four techniques were comparable in detecting tumor cells at diagnosis. GAGE and immunocytology were more sensitive than histology or tyrosine hydroxylase reverse transcription-PCR when marrows were obtained from patients on therapy or off therapy during clinical remission. Agreement among tests was highest at the time of gross disease. We conclude that, by combining multiple molecular markers and independent screening techniques, we may be able to overcome tumor heterogeneity and expedite the detection of microscopic disease in the clinical management of NB.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

Detection of micrometastases in patients with primary breast cancer.

An immunocytochemical method was used to screen smears obtained at primary surgery from multiple bone-marrow sites in 110 patients with breast cancer; at this time other techniques did not reveal metastases. Tumour cells were detected in the bone-marrow of 31 (28%) patients. The number of cells detected ranged from 1 to greater than 500; none was detected in conventionally stained smears. Patients in whom conventional criteria indicated a very poor prognosis seemed more likely to have such micrometastases. A further follow-up period is required to determine whether patients with micrometastases relapse earlier than those in whom no tumour cells are demonstrable.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prognostic significance of laminin, laminin receptor, and bone marrow micrometastases in breast cancer patients: are these markers of aggressive behavior and metastatic potential?

Laminin is a basement membrane glycoprotein implicated in a large number of biologic activities of cancer progression, many of which are mediated by the presence of the laminin receptor (67LR) on the cell membrane. We studied the correlations of laminin and its receptor with standardized and new prognostic factors (including bone marrow micrometastases) in a series of 112 patients with operable breast cancers. Laminin-positive cells were detected in 60% of the tumors and 67LR-positive cells in 55%; both were present in 35% of the cases. No association was found between laminin or 67LR positivity and pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal status, grading, Ki-67, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, or bone marrow micrometastases. The only statistically significant association was with menopausal status and age, with a higher percentage of 67LR-positive tumors among premenopausal and younger patients. The median follow-up was approximately 7 years. The prognosis of disease-free survival was similar in the laminin-positive and laminin-negative subjects but was significantly better in 67LR-negative patients; there were no significant differences in overall survival. The prognostic role of laminin and 67LR in disease-free survival and overall survival varied according to nodal status. In the absence of nodal involvement, the risk of relapse (and death) was greater in the patients who were positive for laminin, 67LR, or both than in those who were negative for laminin, 67LR, or both; in the case of 4 or more involved nodes, the prognostic role of laminin and 67LR was reversed. These results did not change after adjustment for age, menopausal status, tumor status, nodal status, grading, or bone marrow micrometastases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Detection and clinical implications of early systemic tumor cell dissemination in breast cancer.

Blood-borne distant metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in breast cancer. The onset of this fundamental process can now be assessed in cancer patients using ultrasensitive immunocytochemical and molecular assays able to detect even single metastatic cells. Analyses of bone marrow (BM) samples show that disseminated cells are present in 20-40% of primary breast cancer patients without any clinical or histopathological signs of metastasis. The common homing of circulating breast cancer cells in BM is indicative for systemic tumor cell spread and predictive for growth of overt metastases in relevant organ sites such as bone, lung, or liver. Recent clinical studies involving more than 3000 breast cancer patients demonstrated that the presence of tumor cells in BM at primary diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable clinical outcome. To date, sampling of BM, however, is not a routine procedure in clinical management of breast cancer patients. Therefore, several research groups have developed sensitive assays for detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood. Studies evaluating the clinical relevance of these blood assays are ongoing. Here, we will review the existing tumor cell assays and discuss their current clinical relevance and perspectives for the clinical management of breast cancer patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies, benign breast disease, and breast cancer. A panel discussion.

Hybridoma technology has now advanced to the point where hundreds of monoclonal antibodies have been produced and are reported to bind to normal and malignant cell surfaces or intracellular organelles. The original hope for tumor-specific antigens has not materialized, but certain antibodies with rather restricted ranges of binding activities have been identified. This panel discusses the use of such monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human breast disease and breast cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗