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PubMed2005

[Immobilization of cattle and bison with a combination of xylazine, zolazepam-tiletamine and ketamine].

The aim of this study was to find a safe and reliable alternative to Immobilon for the immobilization of (feral) cattle. A combination of xylazine, zolazepam-tiletamine and ketamine was tested in Limousin cattle, Scottish Highland cattle, and American bison. Bodyweight, induction time, arterial O2 saturation and the total downtime were measured. Arterial blood was taken for pH and blood gas analysis. The animals were then injected with atipamezole and the recovery time was recorded. A combination of 500 mg zolazepam, 500 mg tiletamine, 500 mg xylazine, and 1000 mg (10 ml) ketamine, administered in a dosage of 1 ml per 100-150 kg bodyweight (depending on the species), proved to be most reliable and effective. The combination resulted in a fast immobilization. In all animals slight respiratory depression was seen, which indicates that oxygen suppletion may be needed for long-lasting immobilization. After reversal of the xylazine component, almost all animals recovered within 4 minutes. No long term adverse effects were reported by the owners.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Distal metacarpal sequestration in a bison.

A 2-year-old 400-kg female American bison was admitted for evaluation and treatment of an open fracture of the right metacarpal bones 3 and 4. Radiography revealed osteolysis of the distal metaphysis and epiphysis, with extensive bony callus formation along the dorsoproximal and proximomedial aspects extending distally to the proximomedial aspect of the proximal phalanx. Evidence of periosteal or bony proliferation at the fracture site or along the distal segment of the third and fourth metacarpal bones was not visible, suggesting that the distal fracture fragment was becoming a sequestrum. Treatment consisted of soft tissue debridement and placement of the limb in a full-limb cast. The cast was changed every 4 weeks until the sequestrum was removed and the bone healed. It is rare for the distal half of a long bone to sequester following fracture. Additionally, it is remarkable that the sequestrum served as a buttress, which prevented collapse of the bone until the sequestrum was replaced by functional bony callus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The types of neurons in the neostriatum of bison bonasus. Nissl and Golgi study.

The caudate nucleus and the putamen of bison bonasus have been investigated. The Golgi procedure and Nissl stain had been used to reveal their cellular organization. In the Golgi preparation striatal neurons belong to the two fairly divergent main groups in which several types of cells can be distinguished. The first class, comprising the bulk of neuronal population, consists of only one type of efferent cells with the long axons. The spines cover dendrites except its proximal portion. The second one is composed of four types of interneurons which perikarya and dendritic processes are devoid of spines: aspiny neurons with tortuous dendrites, aspiny cells with dendritic swellings, large aspiny nerve cells, and long-axoned neurons with sparsely distributed but regularly branching dendritic processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The types of neurons in the claustrum of bison bonasus: Nissl and Golgi study.

The Nissl staining and Golgi impregnation methods has been used to characterize the types of neurons in the claustrum of bison bonasus. Two fairly divergent subpopulations of cells can be distinguished by means of Golgi preparation technique. The first group--comprising the bulk of claustral neurons--is composed of only one type of large, efferent nerve cells with long axons and dendrites covered with spines. The somata and initial portion of dendritic processes are devoid of spines. The second group consists of large and medium-size interneurons with smooth infrequently branching dendrites. Amongst them two sub-populations can be observed: with dendritic swellings and with dendrites deveoid of them. In Nissl stained sections the claustral neuronal population consists of large multipolar cells among which fewer large or medium-size, spindle-shaped cells are dispersed. The multipolar cells and also spindle-shaped neurons contain widely distributed, deeply-stained, medium-sized pigment granules. No orderly alignment of cells can be seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for differentiation of vaccine strain RB51 from field isolates of Brucella abortus from cattle, bison, and elk.

Restriction endonuclease patterns of genomic fragments separated by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to differentiate Brucella abortus strain RB51, a rifampin-resistant mutant of the standard virulent strain 2308, from other brucellae. Results were compared with results obtained by use of standard methods for characterizing brucellae. Electrophoretic patterns of the ATCC type strains allowed identification of the strains to the level of species. Genomic profiles of B abortus biovars 1, 2, and 4 were similar, as were those of biovars 5, 6, and of biovar 3 was similar to that of biovars 5, 6, and 9, except for a missing band at 93 kb and additional bands at 65 and 67 kb. A different fingerprint was detected in B abortus strain RB51, using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of genomic DNA digested with restrictive endonuclease Xba I. The profile of B abortus strain RB51 contained a band at 104 kb, as opposed to a 109-kb fragment within profiles of B abortus isolates from naturally infected cattle, bison, and elk. Despite known biochemical and biological differences between RB51 and its parent strain (2308), restriction endonuclease analysis results were similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

On the morphological diagnostics and host specificity of the Sarcocystis species of some domesticated and wild bovini (cattle, banteng and bison).

Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis cruzi, S. hominis and S. hirsuta were described and compared by means of light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) from cattle, bantengs (born in a zoo) and bisons (born in zoo). No morphological differences were observed in the three forms of sarcocysts from each of the three host species. The morphological criteria of the three species were discussed and, partly, newly defined. S. cruzi can easily be distinguished from the other two species. It shows 6-13 micron long hair-like villar protrusions in the freshly extracted sarcocyst, has large compartments often bump-like bulged out (by LM, in the fresh state), and a "thin cyst wall" ( < 1 micron; LM, histology). TEM investigation is not necessary in most cases. S. hominis and S. hirsuta: with a "thick, radially striated" and 2.5-9.0 micron high cyst wall (LM). S. hominis can be most reliably determined by means of TEM: the villar protrusions arise with a broad basis from the cyst surface, are finger-like in the outline and have microfilaments in the core. LM: the villar protrusions are broadly seated on the cyst surface, without optical interruption. Likewise, S. hirsuta can be determined most reliably by TEM (in some cases also in semithin sections): the villar protrusions are club- or bulb-shaped in the outline, with a stalklet at the base and with microfilaments and large osmiophilic granules in the interior. LM (best in the fresh state): the palisade of villar protrusions often shows a bright or dotted horizontal line in the middle and a basal line with dark dots, arranged like a string of pearls.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Thiamine pyrophosphate as an effector of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from European bison heart.

The purified 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC) from the European bison heart was near saturated with endogenous bound thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Exogenous TPP added to the full OGDC reaction medium decreased S0.5 for 2-oxoglutarate approximately 2.6-fold without any notable change in the maximum reaction rate. The TPP effect was observed in the presence of 1 mM ADP which alone is a strong positive allosteric effector of OGDC. At an unsaturating 2-oxoglutarate concentration the A50 value for TPP was approximately 0.05 mM. The ADP-like action of exogenous TPP was also found in the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1) reaction, determined in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenoloindophenol as an electron acceptor.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

The neuronal structure of globus pallidus in bison bonasus: Nissl and Golgi study.

The two subnuclei of globus pallidus have been investigated in the telencephalon of bison bonasus. The Nissl and Golgi procedures have been used to reveal their cellular organization. The Golgi preparation suggests the existence of two fairly divergent cellular subpopulations. The first class comprising the bulk of pallidal neurons consists of large efferent cells with long thick infrequently branching dendrites. The morphology of their dendritic processes is very complex and variable even in the one neuron (complex terminal endings, thin dendritic appendages, spiny segments, aspiny segments). Some of these structures (i.e. terminal endings, thin appendages) seem to be of presynaptic nature and allow one efferent neuron to influence on the functions of other large pallidal cells (interneuronal functions). The second one is composed of small interneurons with short highly arborized axons and thin varicose dendritic processes. Their distribution is very sparse and irregular in both segments of investigated nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Parasitic arthropods of Bison bonasus from the Białowieza primeval forest].

During the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the Białowieza Primaeval Forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: Bovicola sedecimdecembrii, Lipoptena cervi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Chorioptes bovis, Psoroptes ovis, Demodex bisonianus. The most frequent incidence noted was D. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed B. sedecimdecembrii--28%, I. ricinus--12% and L. cervi 8%.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The types of neurons of the somatic oculomotor nucleus in the European bison. Nissl and Golgi studies.

The neuronal structure of the somatic oculomotor nucleus (SON) was studied on the basis of Nissl and Golgi preparations, obtained from mesencephalons of 4 European bisons. We distinguished four types of neurons in the investigated nucleus: 1. The large multipolar nerve cells with 5-8 thick dendritic trunks and a thin axon which emerges directly from the soma. These are the most numerous neurons in the SON. 2. The small multipolar neurons. These cells have 4-6 thick dendritic trunks. An axon arises mostly from initial segment of one of the dendrites. This type represents about 8% neurons of SON. 3. The triangular neurons. From perikaryon 3 thick dendritic trunks emerge. A thin axon arises directly from the cell body. These cells make about 10% neurons of SON. 4. The pear-shaped cells which have 1 or 2 dendritic trunks concentrate at one pole of the neurons. In the SON there are about 2% pear-shaped cells. Their features correspond to the features attributed by many authors to the interneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The neuronal structure of paramamillary nuclei in Bison bonasus: Nissl and Golgi pictures.

The studies were carried out on the hypothalamus of bison bonasus aged 2 and 3 months. Sections were made by means of Bagiński's technique and Nissl and Klüver-Barrera methods. Four types of neurons were distinguished in the paramamillary nuclei: nucleus supramamillaris (Sm) and nucleus tuberomammillaris pars posterior (Tmp). Type I, small and medium-size, triangular or fusiform cells, which have 2-3 slender, poorly ramified dendrites; typical leptodendritic neurons. Type II, medium size neurons with quadrangular or spindle-shaped perikaryons. Most of them have 3-4 thick dendritic trunks with ramifying relatively long dendrites. These cells show stalked-appearance and possess different appendages sparsely distributed. Type III is similar to type II, but is made of medium-size to large multipolar cells having quadrangular, triangular or fusiform perikaryons and relatively short dendrites. Type IV, small and medium-size, globular cells with 2 or 3 dendritic trunks, which dichotomously subdivide into quaternary dendrites. In all types of neurons, axons emerge from the perikaryon or initial portion of a dendritic trunk. Type I was found in both studied nuclei. Types II and III constitute mainly the nucleus tuberomamillaris pars posterior. Type IV preponderate in the nucleus supramamillaris. The characteristic feature of Tmp cells, in Nissl picture was irregular contour of their somas and clumps of rough Nisls granules, which appear to lie outside the perikaryons. In Sm there were also lightly stained small rounded cells having both small amount of the cytoplasm and tigroid matter.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Diffusion of chloride ions in the mucus on the oesophagus of Enophrys bison, a marine teleost fish.

Microelectrodes sensitive to Cl- have been used to estimate the diffusion coefficient for Cl- in the mucus on the oesophagus of a marine teleost fish, Enophrys bison. The estimate was 0.231 X 10(-5) cm2s-1. This value is significantly less than the value in saline or in seawater. The technique was based on a simple interpretation of Ficks 1st law. The flux of Cl- across an isolated, everted preparation of oesophagus was compared to the concentration gradient of Cl- within the mucous layer and its thickness and the surface area of the preparation available to diffusion.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

BISON: bi-clustering of spatial omics data with feature selection.

MOTIVATION: The advent of next-generation sequencing-based spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) techniques has reshaped genomic studies by enabling high-throughput gene expression profiling while preserving spatial and morphological context. Understanding gene functions and interactions in different spatial domains is crucial, as it can enhance our comprehension of biological mechanisms, such as cancer-immune interactions and cell differentiation in various regions. It is necessary to cluster tissue regions into distinct spatial domains and identify discriminating genes (DGs) that elucidate the clustering result, referred to as spatial domain-specific DGs. Existing methods for identifying these genes typically rely on a two-stage approach, which can lead to the phenomenon known as double-dipping. RESULTS: To address the challenge, we propose a unified Bayesian latent block model that simultaneously detects a list of DGs contributing to spatial domain identification while clustering these DGs and spatial locations. The efficacy of our proposed method is validated through a series of simulation experiments, and its capability to identify DGs is demonstrated through applications to benchmark SRT datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The R/C++ implementation of BISON is available at https://github.com/new-zbc/BISON.

Software↗
PubMed1983

Morphogenesis of a cytomegalovirus from an American bison affected with malignant catarrhal fever.

A herpesvirus isolated from several organs of an American bison affected with malignant catarrhal fever was cultured in bovine foetal spleen cells and studied by electron microscopy. The fine structural features of the mature virion and the mode of virus morphogenesis were found to be similar to herpesviruses classified in the subgroup cytomegalovirus. The capsids were granular, hexagonal in shape and contained pleomorphic cores in thin sections. Envelopment of the capsids occurred primarily by budding on cytoplasmic membranes which appeared to be formed as extended vesicles of the Golgi apparatus; budding on nuclear membranes was only rarely observed. Cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of granular threads and amorphous electron-dense material were found in association with virions during the late stages of infection. The formation of cytoplasmic inclusions, the morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the virus are all consistent with classification of this virus as a cytomegalovirus.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

BISON: Bio-Interface for the Semi-global analysis Of Network patterns.

BACKGROUND: The large amount of genomics data that have accumulated over the past decade require extensive data mining. However, the global nature of data mining, which includes pattern mining, poses difficulties for users who want to study specific questions in a more local environment. This creates a need for techniques that allow a localized analysis of globally determined patterns. RESULTS: We developed a tool that determines and evaluates global patterns based on protein property and network information, while providing all the benefits of a perspective that is targeted at biologist users with specific goals and interests. Our tool uses our own data mining techniques, integrated into current visualization and navigation techniques. The functionality of the tool is discussed in the context of the transcriptional network of regulation in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli. Two biological questions were asked: (i) Which functional categories of proteins (identified by hidden Markov models) are regulated by a regulator with a specific domain? (ii) Which regulators are involved in the regulation of proteins that contain a common hidden Markov model? Using these examples, we explain the gene-centered and pattern-centered analysis that the tool permits. CONCLUSION: In summary, we have a tool that can be used for a wide variety of applications in biology, medicine, or agriculture. The pattern mining engine is global in the way that patterns are determined across the entire network. The tool still permits a localized analysis for users who want to analyze a subportion of the total network. We have named the tool BISON (Bio-Interface for the Semi-global analysis Of Network patterns).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Effects of neuromuscular blocking agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the response of pectoral fin muscle of the sculpin (Enophrys bison) to indirect stimulation.

The neuromuscular junction of the buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) was characterized in situ by examining the effects of various neuromuscular blocking agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACHE-I) on pectoral muscle response to indirect stimulation. The injection of either d-tubocurarine (350 micrograms/kg) or alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Butx) (1 mg/kg) resulted in a flaccid paralysis. The depolarizing agents, succinylcholine (11 micrograms/kg) and decamethonium (42 micrograms/kg), produced a spontaneous contraction. The administration of the ACHE-I, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and eserine resulted in responses which were contrary to those expected based on similar experiments using mammalian skeletal muscle. Twitch potentiation did not occur and the ability to maintain a tetanic response was not abolished even after the administration of clearly lethal concentrations of ACHE-I.

Acetylcholinesterase↗