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Results for “Biomedical Technology”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Activity monitoring in chronic illness: time out of bed for tetraplegics during comprehensive rehabilitation.

Unobtrusive longitudinal monitoring of what patients actually do during comprehensive rehabilitation represents a relatively unexplored but potentially very useful approach to functional evaluation. Recent advances in biomedical technology have created the possibility of supplementing and/or substituting a number of human observations with instrument-based measurements. This paper presents the first data obtained as part of a systematic research effort to explore the feasibility and utility of applying unobtrusive instrumentation to monitor selected patient activities over extended periods of time. The target activity studied was time out of bed for 36 spinal cord injury patients undergoing comprehensive rehabilitation. Measurements were made with a Rest Time Monitor (RTM) which provides a continuous, objective record of when a patient is out of bed, how often and for how long. Based on this experience, a 'standard' activity curve has been developed which is used as a reference in assessing the weekly progress of individual patients. Distinctive types of activity patterns are described in relation to how patients do clinically, and functionally during hospitalization and 12 months after discharge. In addition, data are presented which compare in-hospital activity patterns by level of injury, age and presence or absence of complications. This initial study suggests that longitudinal activity monitoring is a useful tool for clinical assessment and management and may help predict those patients who are most likely to develop pre- and postdischarge complications.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Where are the history and the physical?

In clinical practice, the history and physical examination are being superseded by laboratory tests and biomedical technology. The author discusses the importance of the clinical examination as the basis for clinical reasoning and of direct observation of students at the patients' bedside in order to assess their diagnostic reasoning. Greater attention to the clinical examination would lead not only to improved clinical skills but also to more cost-effective use of ancillary investigations and, moreover, to a better understanding of the patient by the physician.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The moral context of oncology nursing.

Current work environments in health care are hierarchical social systems built around disease-oriented medical goals and procedures. Expansion of biomedical technologies and cost-containment policies have increased the ethical concerns and problems of nurses and other providers. Yet, nurses often are not included as major contributors in deliberations about solutions to these ethical problems. A patriarchal pattern of decision making reflects the paternalistic organization of patient care settings and discounts the reality that multiple providers from many disciplines and specialties provide patient care. To foster ethical practice as a shared activity, ways are needed to build work environments that foster interdependent practice and facilitate moral discourse among all participants. Actions to promote the development of work environments as moral contexts require systematic attention to conceptual, structural, process, and leadership issues that foster collaboration, open communication, and person-centered care.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1997

AANA Journal Course: update for nurse anesthetists-brain death: terminology, clinical criteria, and diagnostic testing.

Developmental strides in biomedical technology and the growth and availability of intensive care units have paralleled the development of organ transplantation programs. The establishment of these programs required the development of a new definition, criteria, and test of death to facilitate the procurement of suitable organs. The historical definition of death, in instances of organ transplantation, is no longer compatible as cardiopulmonary support can be readily applied to individuals without spontaneous circulation and respiration. This AANA Journal course will examine the definitions of death and the evolution of the term "brain death." The essential clinical criteria and confirmatory diagnostic testing for the determination of adult "whole-brain death" will be reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Interviewing mothers of high-risk infants. What are their support needs.

The survival of newborns with life-threatening illness has dramatically increased over the past 20 years. Improved obstetrical care, earlier maternal and infant transfer, advanced biomedical technology and improved neonatal intensive care have resulted in decreased mortality and morbidity in this high-risk group. But the need for comprehensive care of high-risk infants extends well beyond their stay in neonatal intensive care units. Infants requiring intensive care at birth are at risk for readmission to hospital and developmental or physical impairment during the early years of life. In addition, the stress of infant illness and caring for an infant with long-term medical or developmental needs can permanently change the family. Thus, the improved survival rate of high-risk newborns has rapidly expanded the support required to meet the complex, multiple and long-term needs of these infants and their families during and after hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of scientific evidence and strength of clinical recommendations. From trials to guidelines. The Italian Group on Medicine Based on Evidence--(GIMBE)].

Evidence-based medicine is a new paradigm of clinical practice that promotes the collection, interpretation and integration of valid, important and applicable to patients research-derived evidence, and it can improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of health care. Nevertheless research often fails to get in clinical practice, also because the traditional tools used by physicians to solve clinical problems are less reliable as the volume/complexity of medical information and biomedical technology have grown exponentially. New tools are emerging to help physicians: the systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials and the clinical practice guidelines that summarize a great volume of medical knowledge to improve health care. Practice guidelines, with a systematic review or meta-analysis pertaining to a definite health problem, summarize the evidence of clinical trials in clinical recommendation. These combine the strength and heterogeneity of the primary studies with magnitude and precision of the treatment effects as it relates to the minimal clinical benefit. The recommendation may suggest therapeutic intervention when the baseline risk is high or otherwise when the baseline risk is low. The Authors discuss principles of evidence-based medicine, measures of treatment effectiveness, systematic reviews and methods used by experts to graduate the strength of clinical recommendations in producing practice guidelines.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Technical standards for medical devices. Assisted circulation devices.

The steep rise in the clinical use of high technology biomedical devices and materials, involving multidisciplinary competencies, points out the problem of mutual standards defining, first of all, functional characteristic and tests able to characterise and qualify devices, materials and minimal safety requirements both for patients and operators. Standards defined by consent of the parties or by law are used to this aim. Fast technical development in specific sectors produces besides lack of rules, which must be quickly filled up. The aim of this paper is both the presentation of the approach to problems related to technical standards for biomedical devices and the presentation of the set up of a technical standard for mechanical heart assist devices.

Assisted Circulation↗
PubMed2001

Technology transfer: a review for biomedical researchers.

Why is technology transfer important for cancer and other biomedical researchers? What do biomedical researchers need to know about technology transfer? This report will address these questions in the context of the United States technology transfer system, which is now approximately 20 years old. To accomplish this goal, this report first summarizes the importance of technology transfer and the role of intellectual property rights. Then it describes the sequential steps in technology transfer from universities to industry. Next, it describes technology transfer from the NIH intramural laboratories and other federal laboratories to industry. Finally, it describes unique aspects of technology transfer involving clinical trials. URL citations to the latest federal guidelines and regulations governing technology transfer are provided. Where appropriate, comparisons will be made with technology transfer systems in other countries. I hope that this step-by-step description of the technology transfer process will enable cancer researchers to play a more proactive role in this process and thus increase the likelihood that their discoveries will be successfully commercialized. I also hope that this report will assist such researchers to understand the policy and institutional considerations that underlie current debates concerning technology transfer.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Proteomic technology and its biomedical applications.

Proteomics has its origins in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), a technique developed more than twenty years ago. 2-DE has a high-resolution capacity, and was initially used primarily for separating and characterizing proteins in complex mixtures. 2-DE remains an important tool for protein identification, but is now normally coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), a technique which has advanced considerably in recent years. The recent completion of human genome project has produced a large DNA database which can be utilized through bioinformatics, and the next challenge for scientists is to uncover the entire proteome of a particular organism. The integration of genomic and proteomic data will help to elucidate the functions of proteins in the pathogenesis of diseases and the ageing process, and could lead to the discovery of novel drug target proteins and biomarkers of diseases. This review describes recent advances in proteomic technology and discusses the potential applications of proteomics in biomedical research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

Education and research in biomedical engineering of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

Biomedical Engineering is a relatively new interdisciplinary science. This review paper presents the biomedical engineering activity, which is carried out at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE) and its partner institutions. In the first parts the main goals and the curriculum of the Biomedical Engineering Education Program is presented. The second part of the paper summarizes the most important biomedical engineering researches most of them carried out in the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of BUTE.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2005

Grid-based onto-technologies provide an effective instrument for biomedical research.

New experimental technologies have rapidly transformed biomedical research into a data-intensive discipline. Being grafted onto Grid environment ontologies deliver an effective "onto-technology" to explore wide variety of different sorts of links in heterogeneous distributed data sources as well as to define new facts and represent new relationships between data sets.

Artificial Intelligence↗