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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores.

AIM: To compare the insulin sensitivity indices between Chinese vegetarians and omnivores. METHODS: The study included 36 healthy volunteers (vegetarian, n=19; omnivore, n=17) who had normal fasting plasma glucose levels. Each participant completed an insulin suppression test. We compared steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG), fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR and HOMA %S) and beta-cell function (HOMA %beta) between the groups. We also tested the correlation of SSPG with years on a vegetarian diet. RESULTS: The omnivore subjects were younger than the vegetarians (55.7+/-3.7 vs 58.6+/-3.6 year of age, P=0.022). There was no difference between the two groups in sex, blood pressure, renal function tests and lipid profiles. The omnivores had higher serum uric acid levels than vegetarians (5.25+/-0.84 vs 4.54+/-0.75 mg/dl, P=0.011). The results of the indices were different between omnivores and vegetarians (SSPG (mean+/-s.d.) 105.4+/-10.2 vs 80.3+/-11.3 mg/dl, P<0.001; fasting insulin, 4.06+/-0.77 vs 3.02+/-1.19 microU/ml, P=0.004; HOMA-IR, 6.75+/-1.31 vs 4.78+/-2.07, P=0.002; HOMA %S, 159.2+/-31.7 vs 264.3+/-171.7%, P=0.018) except insulin secretion index, HOMA %beta (65.6+/-18.0 vs 58.6+/-14.8%, P=0.208). We found a clear linear relation between years on a vegetarian diet and SSPG (r=-0.541, P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The vegetarians were more insulin sensitive than the omnivore counterparts. The degree of insulin sensitivity appeared to be correlated with years on a vegetarian diet.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Stigmatization of obesity in medieval times: Asia and Europe.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the stigmatization of obesity in medieval times in Asia and in Europe. DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Obesity was stigmatized in medieval Japan in part, at least, because it was viewed as the karmic consequence of a moral failing in a Buddhist context. The stigma in Europe was based on the Christian deadly sin of gluttony. CONCLUSION: Stigmatization of obesity is not new. It was foreshadowed centuries ago by attitudes deriving from then extant theories of the origins of obesity.

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Effects of paternal drinking, conduct disorder and childhood home environment on the development of alcohol use disorders in a Thai population.

AIMS: To identify influences on the development of alcohol use disorders in a Thai population, particularly parental drinking and childhood environment. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: A university hospital, a regional hospital and a community hospital in southern Thailand. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one alcohol-dependents and 77 hazardous/harmful drinkers were recruited as cases and 144 non- or infrequent drinkers as controls. MEASUREMENTS: Data on parental drinking, family demographic characteristics, family activities, parental disciplinary practice, early religious life and conduct disorder were obtained using a structured interview questionnaire. The main outcome measure was the subject's classification as alcohol-dependent, hazardous/harmful drinker or non-/infrequent drinker. FINDINGS: A significant relationship was found between having a drinking father and the occurrence of hazardous/harmful drinking or alcohol dependence in the subjects. Childhood factors (conduct disorder and having been a temple boy, relative probability ratios, RPRs and 95% CI: 6.39, 2.81-14.55 and 2.21, 1.19-4.08, respectively) also significantly predicted alcohol dependence, while perceived poverty and ethnic alienation was reported less frequently by hazardous/harmful drinkers and alcohol-dependents (RPRs and 95% CIs=0.34, 0.19-0.62 and 0.59, 0.38-0.93, respectively) than the controls. The relative probability ratio for the effect of the father's infrequent drinking on the son's alcohol dependence was 2.92 (95% CI=1.42-6.02) and for the father's heavy or dependent drinking 2.84 (95% CI=1.31-6.15). CONCLUSIONS: Being exposed to a light-drinking father increases the risk of a son's alcohol use disorders exhibited either as hazardous-harmful or dependent drinking. However, exposure to a heavy- or dependent-drinking father is associated more uniquely with an increased risk of his son being alcohol-dependent. The extent to which this is seen in other cultures is worthy of exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The essential elements of spirituality among rural Thai elders.

The purpose of the study reported here was to understand and describe the essential elements of spirituality among rural Thai elders. The research question that guided the study was: How do rural Thai elders experience and describe spirituality in their daily lives? This question was explored through in-depth, audio-taped, face-to-face interviews with 12 rural Thai elders living in the Nakhorn Prathom Province in the central part of Thailand during the period from January to March 1998. Prior to implementing the study, approval to conduct this study was granted from the Institutional Review Broad of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Through the process of hermeneutic phenomenological data analysis, three categories and nine themes emerged. The findings of the study provide a knowledge base for Thai nurses to explore and explain spirituality to enhance nursing science and provide holistic nursing care. Further research should be conducted throughout the health and illness continuum with all age groups and with individuals of different cultures and belief systems.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Melting straitjackets.

A description of the author's psychiatric breakdown is offered, and a discussion of how such wounded experiences can help in mental health work. Wounded healers are currently under attack in the National Health Service in the UK, following the Allitt affair. The author offers strong warnings against all forms of desiccated and detached professionalism in both nursing and social work. Material on Zen training, and how that relates to Shamanism, is discussed and Podvoll's Buddhist principles of 'basic attendance' are outlined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Child rearing and cultural beliefs and practices amongst Thai mothers in Victoria, Australia: implications for the sudden infant death syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perceptions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and to describe the role of cultural beliefs and practices on child rearing amongst Thai mothers in Victoria, Australia. METHODOLOGY: In-depth interviews and participant observation conducted with 30 Thai mothers during 1995-96. RESULTS: SIDS was not known amongst these Thai mothers prior to migration to Australia. However, they were aware of SIDS when they gave birth here and all of them expressed fear about their baby's death. Due to this fear, most mothers tended to follow Thai beliefs and practices strictly to prevent death. These included breast-feeding, not leaving the infant alone at nighttime, placing the infant on the side or back to sleep, and bedsharing. It is considered that there are numerous evil spirits who may harm the infant, but some are benevolent and protect the newborn, such as ancestral spirits and the guardian angel of a child. Several Thai rituals are carried out to protect the newborn from ill health and death, including inviting the soul of the infant to reside in his or her body, and ritual clipping and shaving the hair of the newborn within the first month of life. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs, rituals and child-rearing practices help Thai parents to overcome their fear of SIDS. Hypotheses derived from Asian parents' child rearing practices may be useful in further SIDS research.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Perceptions about menopause and health practises among women in northeast Thailand.

The purpose of the present qualitative study was to understand health perceptions and practises among Thai menopausal women. One hundred and forty-two women aged 45-59 participated in the study in 1999. Data gathered from observations, focus group discussions, and in depth interviews were analyzed by using the hermeneutic phenomenological method. Four main themes emerged as characteristic of the health perceptions, practises and worldviews of the participants. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of what it is like to be a menopausal woman, and why certain health activities are practised.

Buddhism↗
PubMed2001

Smooth a heart with water: Thai mothers care for a child with schizophrenia.

Little is known about caregiving of persons with schizophrenia in Asian families. This report explores culturally specific beliefs and patterns of response among Thai families. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 Thai mothers of adult children with schizophrenia. Thai mothers responded to children's symptoms by practicing Thum-jai and creating a calm family environment. Maternal response was constituted by concerns about social expectations, escalation of the symptoms, and violating cultural values. Assessment of and attunement to Buddhist beliefs in the care of Thai families and immigrants are recommended.

Adaptation, Psychological↗