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PubMed1980

The morphogenesis of microtriches in the tegument of Taenia hydatigena throughout its larval development.

An electron microscope study was made on the development of microtriches, basic cytoplasmic inclusions, rod-shaped bodies and lamellated bodies in the larva of T. hydatigena. In the initial stage of its development, the tegument contains rod-shaped bodies and spineless or branching microtriches. An electron-dense substance released from rod-shaped bodies constitutes the basic substance of the tegument. Lamellated, secretory bodies appear in the tegument at the time of a differentiation of the scolex anlage. We believe that contents of lamellated bodies are released to the external environment either by their fusion with surface channels or their secernment in microtriches of the scolex anlage. The released secretion cements microtriches of a less active bladder in order to produce a defence barrier against host cells. Microtriches which have completed their secernment in an environment containing the secretory substance, close up in a point composed of the electron dense substance released from rod-shaped bodies. At the stage of encystment, microtriches become detached from the cementing substance which then is deposited on the inner side of the cyst wall. Lamellated bodies vacuolate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of placement of anterior teeth in removable dental prostheses].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper was to present methods of placement of artificial anterior teeth in edentulous individuals. The following review takes account of the majority of papers published during the last 100 years. The review has been divided into sections regarding the method used to determine the position of artificial anterior teeth. GEOMETRIC ASPECT: Gysi (1895-1920) produced the first scientific theory about the position of artificial anterior teeth. PHYSIOGNOMIC THEORY: The aim of this theory is to find the most natural position for artificial anterior teeth for each individual. Camper's "face angle" as a physiognomic criterion, has been introduced in papers of Wehrli (1961), Marxhors (1966). Tanzer (1968). Lombardi (1973). ESTHETIC ASPECT: Important names in the field of dental esthetics are: Schn and Singer (1961), Arnheim (1965), Krajicek (1969), Tanzer (1968), Lombardi (1973), Goldstein (1976). They have introduced principes of visual aspects for selection of contours, dimension and position of artificial anterior teeth. CONSTITUTION ASPECT: Flagg (1880), Williams (1913) and Hrauf (1957, 1958), have considered body constitution and individual characteristics regarding position of artifical anterior teeth. PHYSIOLOGICAL THEORY: In 1971, Maxhors pointed to the fact that the position of artificial teeth corresponds with the function of the surrounding soft tissue and from the aspect of physiognomy as well. PHONETIC ASPECT: According to Silverman (1962) artificial anterior teeth are nearest when we pronounce the sound "S". CEPHALOMETRICAL RESEARCH: Rayson (1970), Watson (1989), Strajnić Lj. (1999), Bassi F. (2001) have presented cephalometric radiographic analyses of natural anterior teeth compared with cephalometric radiographic analyses of artificial anterior teeth. A review of dental literature shows several factors suggesting modalities which should determine the position of artificial anterior teeth. Numerous methods have been designed for evaluation of the position of artificial anterior teeth. However, there is no universally reliable method regarding determination of the position of artificial anterior teeth.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1990

Innervation of the serotonin-immunoreactive cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken.

In the chicken, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed not only in the carotid body but also in the wall of the common carotid artery and around each artery arising from the common carotid artery. Almost all of the serotonin cells in the wall of the common carotid artery were intensely immunoreactive to the neuropeptide Y, met- and leu-enkephalin antisera, whereas in the carotid body only a few cells were immunoreactive to these antisera. Innervation of the serotonin cells in and around arteries of chickens was investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, in comparison with that of the carotid body. The serotonin cell groups in and around arteries, as well as the carotid body, received numerous peptidergic nerve fibers. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers were densely distributed, and somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers were moderately distributed in the serotonin cell groups. Galanin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive fibers were sparsely distributed in the cell groups. By electron microscopy, the serotonin cells in and around arteries were characterized by the presence of numerous dense-cored vesicles, 70-220 nm in diameter. The granule-containing cells were in close association with numerous axons. Naked axons regarded axon terminals were frequently apposed on the granular cells. The axon terminals were usually long and often partly invested the granular cells. Numerous synaptic junctions were detected along the contact between the granular cells and axon terminals. Most of the synaptic junctions showed afferent morphology; the secretory granules were accumulated near and attached to the asymmetrical membrane thickenings. Thus, the serotonin cells in and around arteries, like the carotid body, constitute chemoreceptive tissue.

Animals↗