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PubMed1995

[Bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis among members of the 11th parachutist unit].

When sinusoscopic examinations of chronic maxillary are made, bacteriological samples are the most often carried out. We report results of thirty one cases among young soldiers 19 to 23 years old. Our bacteriological results are similar to those reported in literature. A bibliographic study reminds the recent bacteriological findings according to countries or type of patients where pathogen germs were researched.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Salmonella Abortusovis experimental infection induced by the conjunctival route: clinical, serological and bacteriological study of the dose effect in female lambs.

The aim of this work was to explore the first stages of infection with Salmonella Abortusovis after a mucosal inoculation, and to establish an experimental model limiting the bacteriological investigations to the inoculation site. Four groups of 6 ewe-lambs were infected by the conjunctival route with decreasing doses of Salmonella Abortusovis. The clinical and serological survey was completed by a daily bacteriological examination of nasal swabs and faeces. Enumeration of viable bacteria was performed on liver, spleen, lungs and lymph nodes harvested 1, 8, and 22 d after inoculation. A rapid colonization of the cephalic lymph nodes was observed, associated with a transient spreading to prescapular and subiliac lymph nodes without dissemination to the liver and spleen. An irregular and low level faecal excretion was associated with the colonization of mesenteric lymph nodes. The infection by the conjunctival route may either systemically propagated or be locally restricted by the lymphoid system in relation to doses administered. This model uses low infective doses similar to those occurring in field conditions and offers the possibility of limiting the bacteriological control to the regional lymph nodes. It confirms that live attenuated Salmonella strains may be used as vaccinal vectors by the mucosal route.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Interpretation of the bacteriologic outcome of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated cystitis: impact of the definition of significant bacteriuria in a comparison of ritipenem acoxil with norfloxacin. Swedish Urinary Tract Infection Study Group.

The efficacy and safety of a 5-day course of treatment with the new oral penem agent ritipenem acoxil (500 mg three times daily) or with norfloxacin (200 mg twice daily) were assessed in a double-blind study of women with uncomplicated cystitis. The effects of the definition of bacteriuria used on the interpretation of treatment outcome were also analyzed. Of 281 women randomized to one of the two treatment arms, 84% were evaluable in terms of the bacteriologic efficacy of therapy; 99% of the evaluable patients returned for the first follow-up examination and 92% for the second. Five to 9 days after the completion of therapy, persistent bacteriuria was documented in more women given ritipenem acoxil than norfloxacin (95% confidence interval, 0.14; 0.38). The two groups did not differ markedly with regard to bacteriologic or clinical outcome 3 to 4 weeks after treatment. Subanalyses of bacteriologic outcome showed that failure rates varied between 6% and 67% for ritipenem acoxil and between 1% and 43% for norfloxacin, depending on how significant posttherapy bacteriuria was defined; systematic studies are are clearly needed on how best to define significant posttherapy bacteriuria. Ritipenem acoxil caused significantly more adverse reactions (especially diarrhea or loose stools) than norfloxacin (P < .005).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlative study of histopathology and bacteriology in patients of tubercular lymphadenitis.

Histopathology as well as bacteriology of lymph node specimen are useful diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis. In the present study, a total of 71 cases of lymphadenitis were selected for histopathological and bacteriological studies. Only 46 patients had caseating type and 4 had non-caseating type of tuberculous lymphadenitis while 21 patients revealed non-specific chronic lymphadenitis on histopathological examination. Only 6 lymph node smears were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB), 19 cases were positive for mycobacterial culture growth. Thus, it is not necessary that the cases which are histopathologically positive will be positive for culture as well. Therefore, both bacteriology and histopathology are complimentary diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical significance of amniotic fluid bacteriological cultures taken at caesarean section.

To predict postoperative infection after Caesarean section by bacteriological examination of amniotic fluid samples a prospective analysis was performed on amniotic fluid bacteriological results and infectious morbidity in 266 consecutive Caesarean sections. Culture and sensitivity results were analysed in relation to postoperative febrile complications and their antibiotic treatment. One hundred and twelve samples grew bacteria. There was a significantly higher frequency of postoperative pyrexial complications among those patients with a positive amniotic fluid culture (22.3% vs 14.2%). Eighty per cent of amniotic fluid samples with significant bacterial growth provided useful information when antibiotic treatment had been required. Routine amniotic fluid sampling for bacteriology at Caesarean section is of clinical value in the prediction and management of postoperative pyrexial complications.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

[Results of bacteriological and cytological studies of uterine lavages in cows from herds with fertility disorders].

A cytological and bacteriological examination of uterine lavages of 264 cows from herds with fertility disorders (without convincing pathological findings) helped to determine the clinical diagnosis in a more exact way. In 41.67% of the cases, mucosal metritis was cytologically proved. Bacterial contamination of the urerine medium was observed in 83.71% of the cases. The result of bacteriological examinations of uterine lavage and cervical smear brought about various findings in 77.27% of the cases. The bacteriological contamination rate of the uterine medium without metritis was highest in the follicular phase. Both the cows suffering from metritis and in cows without any changes due to metritis, common, conditionally pathogenic microflora was found (with the exception of several cases) the etiocausal effect of which on the metritis origin and decreased fertility could not be, in general and for certain, proved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriological study of seawater for recreational use].

A study was conducted at the request of the authorities of the Municipality of Bahía Blanca city, in order to decide whether the sea-water of a swimming pool was suitable for recreational purposes. The characterization of the water was performed through bacteriological indicators and the following groups of bacteria were studied: marine and terrestrial viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria; total coliforms; Escherichia coli and fluorescent Pseudomonads. Salinity, temperature and pH were registered together with meteorological parameters. In every case, the bacteriological values obtained were lower than those of the most strict international standards used worldwide for bathing waters. In this way, the particular dynamic processing of the water entering the swimming pool from Blanca Bay becomes important, since previous studies conducted on the water of its Principal Channel had yielded high bacteriological values which rendered it unsuitable for bathing. This work shows that in this tidal-flats system, extrapolation of results is not valid. These conditions will remain the same if other factors do not change in the tidal-flats that surround the swimming pool.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

The value of quantitative bacteriological investigations in the monitoring of treatment of ischaemic ulcerations of lower legs.

The quantitative and qualitative bacteriological investigations of 63 patients were done on ischaemic ulcerations before reconstructive vascular surgery and at 7 day intervals after the operation. Among the isolated bacteria the most common were Gram positive (62.9%), especially Staphylococcus aureus. Amputations due to non-healing ulcers were performed on 8 patients, who had ankle brachial index (ABI) lower than 0.47. In 55 patients with ABI higher than 0.47 (with the exception of one case) free skin grafts were applied to reduce the time of the ulcers healing. Primary healing of ulcers covered with free-skin grafts was achieved in 44 out of 55 patients (80%). In 11 patients, were free-skin grafts had failed, ulcerations were healed following the repetition of the free-skin grafts. The healing results of skin grafts statistically were significantly better in the group where the number of bacteria in 1 cm2 of ulceration was lower than 50.000. The severity of infections in ulcers makes the healing process of skin grafts impossible. Quantitative bacteriology additionally helps in objective evaluation of granulating tissue and facilitates choice of proper skin grafting time. This study has shown the usefulness of quantitative bacteriology for the determination of the severity of infections in ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in laying hen flocks battery and on floor housing. Comparative studies using bacteriological and serological demonstration methods].

The prevalence of Salmonella (S.) enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium is described in 34 flocks of laying chickens. In an attempt to detect the rate of infection comparative bacteriological and serological methods were employed. By cultural methods 47.0% of the floor flocks and 35.3% of the battery flocks were S.e. or S. tm. infected. The same tendency was established with the Bommeli ELISA. Flocks on floor were positive in 64.7% and flocks in batteries were positive in 47.0%. Both methods--bacteriological isolation and serology--yielded more S.e. positive flocks kept on the floor than in battery systems. Long-term studies of four flocks demonstrate a long persistence of antibodies against S.e. in serum and yolk even after one year. Almost all S.e. infected flocks prove a correlation between increase of positive cultures and antibody positive sera. Also, a correlation between levels of absorption values of sera tested in the Bommeli ELISA and positive fecal samples is evident. This is particularly true for eight of 10 flocks. If S.e. infected laying flocks need to be detected, then high absorption values in sera or yolk and a high rate of antibody positive hens provide reasonable good conditions to attempt subsequent bacteriological examinations.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Bacteriological aspects of preparation, storage and transport of milk formulas (author's transl)].

1. It was shown that special apparatus for cleaning milkbottles makes additional desinfection unnecessary with regard to bacteriological and hygienic aspects. -- 2. Milk-bottles should be processed centrally for safety reasons. Special basket-containers facilitate a more economic washing process, transport and storage of the bottles. -- 3. Physiologically optimal milk formulas, as available today, should be prepared and filled into bottles in the ward where they are needed, immediately before use, to guarantee bacteriologically optimal conditions. -- 4. With appropriate organization within a clinic it should be possible to store special dietary formulas which have been prepared centrally, not in the wards, over the required time without the risk of bacterial contamination. The need for regular and systemic bacteriological checks is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriological quality of Bendetti Lake (Santo Tomé, Santa Fe Province, Argentina) and associated environmental variables].

The main objective was to determine the bacteriological quality of a shallow lake in the lower Salado River Basin (Bedetti, 31 degrees 40' S and 60 degrees 45' W). Seventy samples were tested by the most probable number (MPN) method, throughout three years. The number of thermotolerant coliforms was very variable: from 20 MPN/100 ml to 130,000 MPN/100 ml. These variations were mainly associated to the local rains (rs = 0.4853, p = 0.0001) and to the hydrometric level-h-(rs = 0.3835, p = 0.008). Statistically significant correlations between coliform bacteria and other variables (temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity and transparency) were not found. The increase of coliforms associated to the increase of the hydrometric level indicates the presence of diffuse contamination sources. It was found that the rains affected the bacteriological quality, specially during the low water periods (h < 3.60). During the high water periods (h > 4.70) one of the main coliform contributor was represented by the incoming floating islans and aquatic macrophyte, from allochthonous fluvial systems. The coliform concentrations between the Bedetti lake and the Salado river were compared. The results show a better bacteriological quality of the lake (geometric average = 1,990/100 ml vs. 420/100 ml, n = 56) so that, connecting them by the construction of an artificial channel is not advisable.

Argentina↗
PubMed1964

A METHOD FOR COMPILING BACTERIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN A MEDIUM-SIZED HOSPITAL.

A method for classifying and compiling bacteriological findings has been established in a 350-bed hospital in order to allow future correlation of laboratory data with information obtained from clinical observations. All information available before and after bacteriological investigation was registered by notching the appropriate holes of a 5 x 8 McBee Keysort perforated card. Each hole on the card corresponded to a specific item of information such as wards, type of specimens, sensitivity to antibiotics and sulfonamides, bacterial species, and so on. With this method it is easy to pick out with a needle any information that may be requested, for example: (1) incidence of Staphylococcus pyogenes in specimens submitted by each department, (2) Staphylococcus pyogenes strains isolated in each department, (3) antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and (4) incidence of cultures yielding positive growth.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed2001

Methods of outbreak investigation in the "era of bacteriology" 1880-1920.

The advent of bacteriological methods in the later 19th century has been seen, on the examples of America and Germany, to have been followed by a new laboratory-based, contact-tracing method of investigating outbreaks of epidemic disease. In Britain, however, this new approach never took firm root, and practising epidemiologists continued to follow an observational and deductive tradition in field investigations, rejecting any primary dependence on bacteriological methods. Alongside this persistent observational practice, there emerged a new statistical approach, based in Pearsonian biometrics, which allied itself with experimental laboratory techniques to develop a more systematic, theoretical trajectory for explaining disease outbreaks in the years after World War I.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed2006

Bacteriological evaluation of the cardiac surgery environment accompanying hospital relocation.

PURPOSE: Airborne bacteria in the environment are thought to be a cause of postoperative infection. With the relocation of our hospital, the operating room we had used for 35 years was replaced, changing the surgical environment for cardiac operation completely. We conducted this study to evaluate the bacteriological change in the surgical environment between the new and old operating rooms. METHODS: Airborne contaminants in the operating rooms were collected on blood agar plates, and samples of intraoperative salvaged blood from cardiac surgery were drawn from salvaged bags produced by Cell Saver 5 (Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA) in both the old (group O) and the new operating rooms (group N). These samples were cultured and evaluated bacteriologically. RESULTS: We collected nine samples of airborne contaminants from both group O and group N. The mean number of isolated bacteria colonies was 5.0 +/- 1.2 in group O, and 2.0 +/- 0.94 in group N (P < 0.001). Bacterial growth was detected in 85% of the salvaged blood samples from group O (n = 20) versus 60% from group N (n = 15) (P = 0.09). The mean bacteria count was 1.9 +/- 2.7 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml in group O versus 0.4 +/- 0.5 cfu/ml in group N (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION: Hospital relocation resulted in an improved operating room environment with less bacterial contamination of intraoperative salvaged blood.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1975

The BACTLAB system - a data system for bacteriological routine.

An implemented version of a data system for routine bacteriology is described which uses punch cards to capture all administrative data and OMR (optical mark recognition) documents for the bacteriological findings: diagnosis, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, phage type etc. The output includes reports for the customers and report lists for the laboratory, as well as surveys over findings of pertinent bacteria produced twice each month. In addition bills are produced at regular intervals, both for hospitals and for private patients. All results are stored on magnetic tape in order to make later analysis possible. The system has also been adapted for use in a research project for the study of postoperative infections.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed1980

Quality control in tuberculosis bacteriology. 2. The origin of isolated positive cultures from the sputum of patients in four studies of short course chemotherapy in Africa.

During intensive bacteriological follow-up of 2123 patients who had received short course chemotherapy regimens in 4 controlled clinical trials in Africa and had not had a bacteriological relapse, 405 isolated positive cultures were obtained from 37 429 sputum specimens in 3 East African laboratories. These cultures might have arisen as a result of clerical error, of transfer of bacilli from positive to negative specimens in the laboratory or from the lesions of the patients. Clerical error in the labelling of specimens or the recording of results did not seem a frequent cause, since isolated positive cultures contained many fewer colonies than cultures from other positive specimens being processed at the same time. Several of evidence suggested that some isolated positive cultures arose from the lesions of patients: a decrease in their incidence occurred in successive time periods after chemotherapy; the number of isolated positives per patient departed significantly from the Poisson distribution; they were more often drug resistant than other cultures processed at the time; positive cultures were obtained less frequently from known autoclaved specimens inserted among the the study specimens than from the study specimens themselves; no association was found between the incidence of isolated positive and of specimens containing numerous viable M. tuberculosis being processed at the same time. Nevertheless some of these cultures probably arose by transfer in the laboratory, since the rates at which transfer were known to occur differed in the 3 laboratories and corresponded to the rates of obtaining isolated positive cultures.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1991

Efficiency in pathology laboratories: a survey of operations management in NHS bacteriology.

In recent years pathology laboratory services in the U.K. have experienced large increases in demand. But the extent to which U.K. laboratories have introduced controls to limit unnecessary procedures within the laboratory was previously unclear. This paper presents the results of a survey of all 343 NHS bacteriology laboratories which records the extent to which such operations management controls are now in place. The survey shows large differences between laboratories. Quality controls over inputs, the use of screening tests as a culture substitute, the use of direct susceptibility testing, controls over routine antibiotic susceptibility testing, and controls over reporting of results all vary widely. The survey also records the prevalence of hospital antibiotic policies, the extent to which laboratories produce antibiograms for user clinicians, the degree of computerisation in data handling, and the degree of automation in processing specimens. Finally, the survey uncovers a large variation between NHS labs in the percentage of bacteriology samples which prove positive and lead to antibiotic susceptibility tests being carried out.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

The history of bacteriologic concepts of rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Review of the development of etiologic and pathogenetic concepts of rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the beginning of clinical bacteriology to the discovery of antibiotics. METHOD: Analysis of English and German language publications pertaining to bacteriology and "rheumatism" between the 1870s and 1940s. RESULTS: Early in the 20th century there was a widely held belief that a microbial cause would eventually be found for most diseases. This encouraged pursuit of the intermittent findings of positive blood and synovial fluid cultures in cases of RF and RA. Development of a streptococcal agglutination test supported the erroneous belief that RA is a streptococcal infection, while the simultaneous development of other immunologic tests for streptococci suggested that a hemolytic streptococcus was etiologic in RF. Table 1 provides a chronology of major events supporting and retarding resolutions. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the conflicting data and inferences regarding the etiology of RF and RA can be attributed to the absence or inadequacy of controls in observations of clinical cohorts and laboratory experiments.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗