Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Autobiography”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Maternal secure base scripts, children's attachment security, and mother-child narrative styles.

This paper reports the results of a study examining links between maternal representations of attachment, child attachment security, and mother and child narrative styles assessed in the context of reminiscences about shared experiences. Participants were 90 mother - child dyads. Child attachment security was assessed using the attachment Q-set and maternal attachment representations were measured using a recently designed instrument that assesses the script-like qualities of those representations. Analyses examined dependencies in the mother - child memory talk data and then assessed the overlap between both mother and child reminiscing styles and the attachment variables. Narrative styles of both the mothers and their children were coherent and consistent for each dyad member. Furthermore, maternal narrative style (e.g., specific and elaborative questions, using confirming evaluation comments) was significantly related to child participation in the narrative. Maternal and child attachment variables were positively and significantly correlated, and child security was positively associated with maternal narrative style. Maternal secure base scripts were also found to be significantly related to the number of references to emotions in both mother and child narratives as well as to children's overall participation in the memory talk. The pattern of results suggests that attachment representations serve as one influence on the manner(s) in which mother - child dyads think about and discuss emotion-laden content relevant to the child's personal autobiography. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the notion that the manner in which children organize their thoughts about emotion are (at least potentially) shaped by the narrative styles of their parents.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Reflections on fifty years of publications on the history of general biology and special embryology.

The publications of fifty years (1925-1974) of the histroy of biology and embryology are surveyed. In America, the earliest background for work during this period was provided by the collectors, mainly physicians, of books into extensive private libraries. The collectors, for instance Osler, Cushing, and Fulton in this country and Geoffrey Keynes abroad, became expert technical bibliographers during the early part of the half-century under consideration. High standards for medical, thus biological history, insofar as these fields overlap, were also set earlier by Sudhoff's Institut für Geschichte der Medizin in Leipzig, and American historical studies benefited when Sigerist came from Leipzig to Baltimore in the early 1930's. Textbooks of medical history are omitted from discussion here, but a number of more or less general histories of biology published within the specified period are briefly evaluated. The discussion next turns to histories of embryology, general and special. Recent monographs on the classical embryologists, Wolff and von Baer, are enumerated, as are a number of biographies and autobiographies of important embryologists published here or abroad during our half-century. Then general histories of embryology are discussed, and finally some specialized ones. Needham, Roger, and Adelmann are singled out as the most important contributors to the history of embryology, in the West, during the period covered. Few of the contributors to the history of biology and medicine during the years of 1925 through 1974 were trained as historians while students. It is concluded that the History of Science Society has performed an important contribution in professionalizing the history of biology and embryology, but it is pointed out that a great new challenge faces it in the necessity to counteract anti-historical and anti-intellectual moods and movements of today.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Correlation of students' characteristics with their learning styles as they begin medical school.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between learning styles (surface, strategic, and deep learning) and admission data for an incoming class of medical students. METHOD: In 1997, the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory (ASSIST) was administered to the University of Alberta Medical School's incoming class as part of their orientation. Ninety percent of the class completed the questionnaire, the results of which were correlated with prerequisite grade-point average (GPA), MCAT scores, number of years of premedical experience, and scores on autobiography, interview, and letters of reference. RESULTS: Higher surface-learning scores correlated significantly with younger age at admission to medical school, as well as with higher GPA. There was a positive correlation between GPA and surface learning in the group of students with more than four years of premedical experience. CONCLUSIONS: The need to compete for grades in prerequisite courses may be a factor contributing to surface learning in new medical students.

Achievement↗
PubMed2000

Understanding Jung: recent biographies and scholarship.

The tendency to associate Jung with Freud has undergone a change and both are increasingly perceived as founders of depth psychological schools whose exact relationship is unclear. The separation of the two was largely due to Jung's rejection by the psychoanalytic community because of his perceived spiritual inclinations. Recent scholarship has emphasized these spiritual inclinations in both a positive and negative way and brought to light Jung's non-Freudian sources, while other Jungian practitioners are seeking a closer association with psychoanalysis. This conflicting development is related to tendencies in Jung himself that are evident in his own life and in research conducted into the writing and publication of Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Though the status of the latter as Jung's autobiography has been called into question there remains the necessity to explain the myth of Jung's life enshrined there and the impact this has had on a public looking for meaning in a time of considerable change.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Misunderstanding Jung: the afterlife of legends.

F. X. Charet's article, 'Understanding Jung: recent biographies and scholarship', is full of errors and legends. In this article, I demonstrate the tendentiousness of his criticisms of the historical work of Eugene Taylor and myself concerning Jung's linkages with the subliminal psychology of Théodore Flournoy, William James, and F. W. H. Myers, and the fallaciousness of his criticism of my claim that Memories, Dreams, Reflections was not Jung's autobiography.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2003

Media activism and Internet use by people with HIV/AIDS.

This paper seeks to understand better the media practices of people who are directly affected by an illness or health problem. Internet sites that have been created by people with HIV/AIDS are examined as a strategy for self-representation. This analysis identifies four prominent 'organising themes' in Internet sites: autobiography; expertise; self promotion; and dissent. It is argued that there is a connection between media activism within the contemporary AIDS movement and Internet use among people with HIV/AIDS. This paper discusses the potential of the Internet, as a form of media activism, to raise the private troubles of people with health problems as public issues through a revitalisation of the public sphere in contemporary post-industrial societies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

To cope with uncertainty: stroke patients' use of temporal models in narratives.

Stroke victims have to cope with a disrupted autobiography and anxiety because of an uncertain future. Professionals share this uncertainty. The patients reveal their experiences in narratives, and when they try to regain coherence and confidence in life, they use narratives in the reconstructions. Because they have a temporal problem, time might be an important issue in these narratives. The aim of this study was to elucidate the use of time models in stroke patients' narratives. Nineteen stroke patients, who had recently been discharged to their homes after the stroke, accepted to participate in the study. Their age span was between 56 and 89 years. They had lived active urban lives before the stroke, and poststroke only three had more serious physical impairment, and none was demented. They were asked to talk about their present life and their conceptions of future life. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim and narratives that referred to temporal aspects were thematically analysed with reference to narrative time models. The stroke accident had caused an autobiographical disruption and a temporal split because of a new awareness of human temporality and an uncertainty of the future. Confronted with these problems of time, the stroke victims constructed narratives based on the time models: time cycles and dissolution of time limits, exchange of time and exclusion from time. Hence, the time models worked as tools when the stroke victims re-established coherence in their present and future life. Stroke patients handled an uncertain future by using temporal models in their narratives. Professionals can support stroke patients by reinforcing these models.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women leaders in American dermatology. Interview by Marylou C. Thelmo, E. Dorinda Shelley, Gloria F. Graham.

BACKGROUND: Women leaders in dermatology opened doors that allowed many men and women to follow in their footsteps. Their achievements have included presidencies of national and state medical organizations, teaching, and research. They changed the specialty through words and leadership. OBJECTIVE: This study highlights four women who significantly influenced American dermatology. METHODS: We selected four female leaders in American dermatology, one of whom is deceased. For the other physicians, a questionnaire was sent to two and a telephone interview was conducted with one. Other responses were garnered through an autobiography, a self-recorded interview, and journal articles. RESULTS: Brief biographies with career highlights are presented for Minerva Smith Buerk, MD, founder of the Women's Dermatologic Society; Naomi Marilyn Kanof, MD, the first female editor of The Journal of Investigative Dermatology; Wilma Fowler Bergfeld, MD, the first female president of the American Academy of Dermatology; and Antoinette Foote Hood, MD, the first female executive director of the American Board of Dermatology.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1989

Experience of parental loss and later suicide: data from published biographies.

A study of 30 individuals who committed suicide whose biographies or autobiographies have been published revealed that 16 had experienced loss in childhood. There was an excess of loss caused by death and of fathers rather than mothers. Fourteen of the 16 losses occurred when the child was aged 6 to 14 (latency age).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical observations on acute poliomyelitis.

During the years of the polio epidemics, most patients with the poliovirus had little or no paralysis. In those with paralytic polio, the extent of involvement of the anterior horn cells was often underestimated. Thus, patients with post-polio syndrome now often report that a limb was uninvolved; however, the original record will show clear evidence of initial paralysis that improved so that the patient no longer recognized the weakness. The epidemics were associated with great anxiety involving the patients, their families and all of society. Treatment was for the most part ineffective and was sometimes confused or inappropriate. Patients developed coping techniques that have been singularly useful and effective. These coping techniques often include strategies that require maximal athletic development of little-used muscles. The coping techniques developed by post-polio patients would be of great benefit to patients with other forms of disability. Review of the medical histories, biographies, and autobiographies of patients who had severe disability because of poliomyelitis reveals that they adopted firm convictions about their disease and their recovery. We must be aware of these convictions if we are to treat their later disabilities. These convictions include the belief that their condition can only improve, that their improvement is related primarily to the willingness of the patient to engage in exercise, and that improvement is more a thing of the spirit than of medication. Associated with this conviction is denial--often concurred with by the family--of the extent of the disability. Furthermore, the confusion of physicians that patients witnessed during the great epidemics suggests to patients that physicians can be of little help to them now. Convictions that were invaluable to patients who were young and vigorous become a liability when aging and progressive weakness supervene. Patients who had adapted to muscle weakness through great physical and emotional effort are unable to continue functions they had regained. However, such patients cannot accept that they do not continue to improve. Some become depressed, but this is unusual.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Implicit and explicit memory for trauma-related information in PTSD.

Experiments on content-dependent memory abnormalities in PTSD suggest several conclusions. First, PTSD patients exhibit enhanced recall of words related to trauma relative to trauma-exposed persons with the disorder. Recognition tests, however, appear insensitive to these effects. Second, PTSD patients do not exhibit implicit memory biases for trauma cues on implicit memory tasks that are strongly influenced by perceptual (e.g., orthographic) aspects of input. They may, however, exhibit enhanced implicit memory for trauma-related material on conceptually more complex tasks. Third, directed forgetting research suggests that adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse who have PTSD exhibit memory deficits only for neutral and positive material, not for material related to their abuse. Psychiatrically healthy survivors exhibit normal memory performance in this paradigm. Fourth, autobiographical memory research indicates that trauma survivors, especially those with PTSD, are characterized by difficulties retrieving specific memories from their past in response to cue words. These findings are especially dramatic in Vietnam combat veterans whose self-presentational style suggests a fixation to the war and a failure of their autobiography to unfold.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Eric Kandel: the future of memory.

Watching ice floes glide by on the Hudson River from Eric Kandel's office, one gets a sense of placid reflection tempered by constant action-an apt analogy for Kandel's ability to calmly manage several ongoing projects and commitments at once. In addition to his well-lauded, ongoing research at Columbia University Medical Center's New York State Psychiatric Institute, Kandel has written several books on neurobiology, behavior, and memory. In addition to being a Nobel Laureate Scientist, he is well-known as an editor of the seminal textbook Principles of Neural Science. He and his colleagues are in the midst of working on a new edition of Principles, and he is working on a scientific autobiography. MI sat down with Dr. Kandel and discussed with him a range of topics including childhood and early career influences, intramural research at the NIH, the HHMI, ethical considerations of altering memory and, of course, Aplysia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Stuttering therapy in 1837 and a young boy's dramatic experience.

This is a historical account of the first known case of stuttering therapy in Norway. In his autobiography, school administrator and politician Nils Hertzberg relates how he in 1837 as a 10-year-old boy travelled on horseback, skis and by boat across Norway from west to east and back in order to receive therapy from a travelling German speech teacher C.F. Bansmann. The article provides extracts from the exciting and dramatic journey, describes Bansmann's method and offers some comments on stuttering and stuttering therapy.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1975

Alcoholism and forcible rape.

Data collected from detailed autobiographies of 77 convicted rapists revealed that 50 percent of them were drinking at the time of the rape and that 35 percent were alcoholics. This strong association between alcoholism and forcible rape highlights the importance of follow-up treatment programs for the alcoholic sex offender; such programs should focus on adequate control of his drinking behavior as well as on his sexual adjustment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anonymity, neutrality, and confidentiality in the actual methods of Sigmund Freud: a review of 43 cases, 1907-1939.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this historical study was to examine the methods actually used by Sigmund Freud in his practice of psychoanalysis in his mature years (1907-1939) and to assess the relationship between these methods and Freud's published recommendations concerning anonymity, neutrality, and confidentiality. METHOD: The authors used both published and unpublished sources, including reports or autobiographies by analysands, letters by analysands, interviews of analysands, letters by Freud, published works by Freud, and clinical records of subsequent treatment. RESULTS: Information concerning Freud's actual methods was found in 43 cases, including 10 clinical psychoanalyses, 19 didactic analyses, and 14 with combined clinical and didactic purposes. These 43 cases probably encompassed a majority of Freud's psychoanalytic hours during these years. Deviations from Freud's recommendations were found to the following extent: for anonymity, 43 cases (100%); for neutrality, 37 cases (86%); for confidentiality, 23 cases (53%). In addition, there were significant extra-analytic relations between Freud and 31 of these analysands (72%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show a substantial disparity between Freud's recommendations and his actual methods. Freud's prescribed method, as defined by his recommendations, was not tested or used in his practice. Freud's actual method was never explicitly described in his writings and cannot be replicated.

Austria↗
PubMed1985

Women's accounts of psychiatric illness and institutionalization.

Throughout the past century and a half, American women have written published accounts dealing with their mental illness and its treatment, yet this area of literature has been largely overlooked by those who study the relationship between gender and mental health. In their widely varying accounts--some autobiography, some thinly disguised fiction, and some poetry--women have provided valuable insights into the relationship between their mental illness and its treatment and their roles as wives, daughters, victims, and advocates. The accounts also reflect the impact of female-oriented psychiatric therapies, cultivation of stereotypical female behaviors, and deinstitutionalization policies on women psychiatric patients. The author illustrates these themes with passages from the approximately 175 accounts he has located to date.

Deinstitutionalization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The person with a learning disability as a minority group member.

Last semester, while concluding an autobiography for a class assignment, the author came to the realization that being a person with a learning disability constitutes a strong connection to people of other minority groups. This article will develop that theme, searching relevant issues through applied sociological principles and utilizing personal commentaries by members of those groups.

Achievement↗
PubMed2004

Hans Christian Andersen's visit to James Young Simpson.

Preparations are currently underway in Denmark for the celebration in 2005 of the 200th anniversary of the birth of that country's illustrious son Hans Christian Andersen. The renowned author of fairy tales had a passion for travel and recorded in his diary and in the several editions of his autobiography his encounters with the dignitaries and celebrities of his day. On this anniversary we recall the little-known occasion on which Hans Andersen was entertained to dinner and to a demonstration of the effects of inhalation of ether at the home of James Y. Simpson.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗