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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the possible ototoxicity of josamycin by high frequency audiometry].

Josamycin is an antibiotic macrolide similar to erythromycin, with some differences in its biologic behaviour. There have been no reports of ototoxic effects caused by this drug, but its similitudes with erythromycin have prompted us to undertake a study about its possible cochleo-toxicity. Most trials of this kind have been carried out using conventional audiometry (up to 8,000 Hz), thus not being able to detect threshold shifts above this frequency. Ototoxic lesions usually begin in the upper frequency limit. Twenty-eight patients without previous auditory impairment were studied with conventional (up to 8,000 Hz) and high-frequency audiometry (up to 20,000 Hz) before and after oral treatment with josamycin during eight days. No significant differences were found in auditory thresholds registered before and after treatment in any of the patients. These results suggest that josamycin is devoid of any cochleo-toxic effect in all the frequencies that a normal subject can hear.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Results of the SISI test and Békésy audiometry in pseudohypacusis (author's transl)].

The terminology of pseudohypacusis is used for the syndrome of gaps between possible audiometric response and performance in testing. No etiology in psychological terms is defined for pseudohypacusis, although monetary compensation has been considered as a possible factor. SISI ratings of 0% in most instances (ranging to a maximum of 25%) have been observed. Békésy-audiometry produced Types I, II, IV and V tracings as well as unclassified curves, although the type V tracing is most commonly found. Results of fixed frequency Békésy-audiometry have also shown a shift of curves for continuous and interrupted tones (called "Type VI"). In some cases Type V and Type VI tracings were found in the same ears. The causes and psychoacoustic phenomenon involved remain unexplained.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1977

[The reaction time as a source of error in threshold audiometry (author's transl)].

An investigation of reaction times at the threshold of hearing is described. 96 subjects were classified into two groups of sensorineural hearing loss utilizing Types I and II Bekesy audiometry, and compared with one normal group as control. The results show that reaction times are largely unaffected by the type of hearing loss and test frequency. Increasing age, however, may result in increasing reaction times. These results and possible sources of error are discussed as effecting an exact threshold audiometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Auditory evoked responses, impedance measures, and diagnostic speech audiometry in severe head injury.

Three case studies are presented to illustrate the clinical usefulness of serial electrophysiologic and behavioral audiologic assessments in describing CNS function in severe head injury. There was an association among acute auditory brain stem and middle-latency evoked response findings, computed tomography of brain abnormality and neurologic status, and rate of recovery. Auditory evoked response findings 4 days after injury were also correlated with long-term outcome of diagnostic speech audiometry.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1978

Impedance audiometry in the squirrel monkey. Effect of middle ear surgery.

The two principal components of impedance audiometry, the tympanogram and acoustic reflexes, were measured preoperatively and postoperatively in seven squirrel monkeys subjected to experimental middle ear surgery. A probe-tone frequency of 1,200 Hz yielded both tympanograms and acoustic reflex thresholds roughly comparable to analogous data in humans at a probe-tone frequency of 220 Hz. Both tympanograms and acoustic reflex thresholds could be obtained reliably and with comparative ease. In general, postoperative data were modified in the expected fashion by the experimental middle ear surgery. Impedance audiometry appears to be a worthwhile and useful technique for monitoring middle ear status in the squirrel monkey.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Value assessment of the MIRA (multichannel infant reflex audiometry) hearing evaluation with and without biofeedback. 3. Diagnosis from curves or behavioral observation?].

Basing on the results of behavioural audiometry, MIRA (Multichannel Infant Reflex Audiometry) with and without biofeedback as well as in several cases also from the ABR, the authors demonstrate the advantages of the combination of curve analysis with behavioural observation compared with isolated looking at physiological curves or at the behaviour. The results were obtained from 100 babies in their first year of life accepted in sequence for testing their hearing; nearly one half of them had considerable hearing risks, most of them having been subjected to several different hearing tests.

Arousal↗
PubMed1998

[Speech audiometry using the American Word Lists for Japanese subjects with normal hearing].

The characteristics of listening to English words for Japanese people were studied in ten normal hearing subjects who had taken English classes to the level of college graduates and had opportunities to learn English continuously. Following pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry was performed using the Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) W-1 and W-22 word lists for English and the 67-S word lists for Japanese. The speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for the CID W-1 lists were significantly higher than average pure tone threshold (PTT), although the SRTs for the 67-S lists were equal to the average PTT. The difference in average SRT between the CID W-1 lists and the 67-S lists was about 15dB, which is statistically significant. The speech discrimination rate for the CID W-22 lists ranged from 78 to 100 percent with an average of 89.5 percent, while all subjects achieved the discrimination rate of 100 percent for the 67-S lists. Analysis with transient matrices of the perceived words demonstrated that the articulation rates were below 90 percent for the consonants /m/, /n/, /p/ and /delta/ . The observed variation in the speech discrimination score and the pattern of confusion among the subjects was assumed to be much more pronounced in noisy conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparing changes in transient-evoked otoacoustic emission and pure-tone audiometry following short exposure to industrial noise.

It has been suggested that otoacoustic emissions, particularly transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), might be more sensitive in assessment of changes to the cochlea caused by noise than pure-tone audiometry (PTA). The aim of the study was to compare temporary threshold shifts with the changes in TEOAE following a six-hour exposure to industrial noise at the intensity of 85-97 dB (A). Thirty two male employees of a metal factory were screened. TEOAE, PTA and tympanometry were included in the hearing test battery. Both, PTA and TEOAE showed significant reduction due to noise exposure, but no correlation between temporary threshold shifts and decreases in either the overall TOAE level or the level of otoacoustic emission in the frequency bands was found. Our results confirm the high sensitivity of TEOAE to short exposure to industrial noise. This study may recommend this measurement as a method of evaluation for TTS conditions for hearing conservation programme purposes, in addition to pure-tone audiometry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

[Functional hearing loss in speech audiometry (author's transl)].

In a group of 238 patients assessed for medico-legal reasons, 26 subjects were found to have functional hearing problems. In detecting the presence of functional hearing loss, the reliability of speech audiometric patterns was shown. Each patient demonstrated at least one suspicious response. The evaluation revealed an irregular configuration of curves ("step-like", 56%) and a better understanding for monosyllabic testwords than for digits (28.8%) as the most important criteria. In the control group of 40 hard-of-hearing patients without functional hearing losses, testing-irregularities were found in only 2.5-3.7% of the patients. Furthermore, discrepancies between speech reception thresholds and pure tone averages (84.6%) as well as poor test-retest reliability in tone audiometry contributed to an identification of functional hearing loss. Békésy-audiometry Type V was obtained in 73% of those patients studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The usefulness of impedance audiometry for the diagnosis of occupational hearing loss].

The use of impedance audiometry for determining hearing threshold and locating hearing impairments was investigated in 112 people exposed to occupational noise. Tympanometry and the stapedius reflex threshold measurements (ART) were made using Madsen ZO 2020 set. The comparison of ART findings, particularly the interval between tonal audiometric threshold and stapedius reflex threshold, helped to diagnose cochlear location of hearing impairment in 17 subjects (15.2%) and extracochlear in 70 (62.5%) out of all the examined subjects. The analysis of the study results has confirmed the usefulness of impedance audiometry also when patients' simulation has to be excluded in the case of their claiming compensation for occupational hearing loss.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1994

[Value of impedance audiometry in audiology and otoneurology].

The authors present views, selected from the literature, on the development and significance of impedance audiometry as well as on the clinical application of this objective method in audiological and otoneurological diagnosis. Special attention is paid to the usefulness of impedance audiometry in objectivization of the hearing threshold and detection of simulation in the diagnosis of occupational hearing impairments.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Rise time of pure-tone stimuli in brain stem response audiometry.

In order to identify the area of a pure tone stimulus effective for evoking the auditory brain stem response (ABR), the amplitude, latency and detectability of the response were measured as a function of stimulus rise time with a fixed onset slope of a linear-shaped envelope. The test was performed on 8 normal adults with 2- and 0.5 -kHz tone pips at various intensity levels from 50 to 15 dB HL. The ABR was elicited by the very early part of the stimulus, and the succeeding part had little effect in eliciting the response, if the initial part was intense enough to evoke the response. At lower intensity levels, where the initial part did not reach an intensity level sufficient to evoke a full size response, a limited period of the succeeding part participated in evoking the response. The effective duration of the stimulus was estimated at 1.5 ms for 2 kHz and at 3 ms for 0.5 kHz. From these results, the authors propose that acceptable rise times of pure-tone stimuli for brain stem response audiometry are 3, 2, 1.5 and 1 ms for tone pips of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, respectively.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between thresholds obtained with pure-tone audiometry and the 40-Hz middle latency response.

Threshold determinations were performed with the 40-Hz MLR method on 20 individuals of varying age, from one month to adult age. The total number of threshold measurements was 105 in the frequency range from 0.25 to 8.0 kHz. Eighty determinations were performed on persons with hearing loss of 40 dB HL or more and the remaining 25 on normal-hearing persons. One of the investigators estimated the MLR thresholds without any knowledge of the results of the psychoacoustical tests. The MLR thresholds were nevertheless in good concordance with those obtained with behavioural tests. The sensitivity of MLR audiometry for detecting a hearing loss was 100%, and the specificity for recognizing normal hearing was 91%. In 27% of the measurements the thresholds obtained with both methods were identical; in 67% the difference was +/- 15 dB. When the MLR thresholds were estimated by the dependent investigator the corresponding figures were 34 and 74% respectively. When the MLR test was performed on children who were sound a sleep, the MLR thresholds were elevated by about 40 dB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The results of cortical electric response audiometry in medico-legal investigations.

Cortical ERA was conducted in a consecutive series of 118 medicolegal cases (467 threshold determination in 209 ears). In organic cases, the distribution of subjective (manual pure tone audiometry)/objective (CERA) discrepancies was normal and centred on 0 dB, with only 3.2% of the discrepancies exceeding + 15 dB. Averaged over 3 or more test frequencies in one ear, only 4.4% of the discrepancies exceeded + 7.5 dB, as compared to 95.1% exceeding + 7.5 dB in those suspected of having a non-organic overlay. The pattern of non-organic overlay superimposed on noise-induced hearing loss is expected and demonstrated to produce a flattening of the dip in the audiogram. It is argued that such flattening is very rarely the end product of noise exposure.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2000

Cortical evoked response audiometry thresholds and neuroleptic, sedative, hypnotic drugs.

Cortical evoked response audiometry is adequate for approximating hearing threshold levels with frequency specificity when the psychoacoustic responses lack reliability and reproducibility (compensation claim). It is well-known that control of wakefulness is essential for the reliability of slow vertex responses (SVR). Therefore, sedative, hypnotic, and neuroleptic drugs are supposed to have possible adverse effects on the detection of SVR. In contrast, brainstem evoked responses (BER) have proved not to be significantly affected by therapeutic doses of these compounds. The purpose of our study was to assess the reliability of SVR-threshold definition in subjects taking neuroleptic, sedative, and hypnotic drugs. Fifteen subjects examined for occupational hearing loss at the Fund for Occupational Diseases in Brussels and regularly taking one or several of these drugs were compared with 27 comparable controls. In each subject the auditory thresholds were defined with both techniques: SVR (1, 2, and 3 kHz) and BER (clicks). A highly significant difference is observed between the two groups: In the group receiving drugs, the SVR threshold for 3 kHz is 12.1 dB (average) higher than the BER threshold, whereas in the group without drugs, the SVR threshold for 3 kHz is 7.77 dB (average) lower than the BER threshold. In the drug group, large interindividual differences are observed. It may be concluded that the use of neuroleptics, sedatives, and hypnotics renders the auditory threshold definition with SVR completely unreliable. In using SVR for medicolegal threshold definition, controlling the 3-kHz threshold with BER always is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and electrophysiological investigations of hearing in neonates. I. Behavioral audiometry and auditory brainstem response in evaluation of the auditory apparatus in pre- and full-term neonates].

Auditory Brain stem Responses (ABRs) and behavioural thresholds were studied in 130 neonates born between 25 to 42 weeks of gestational age. ABR thresholds were determined by the weakest stimulus that elicited a recognizable and replicable wave V. Behavioural audiometric thresholds for 1 and 2 kHz pure tones were determined by taking the lowest of threshold for eliciting auro-palpebral reflex. In 130 tested neonates ABR responses were normal in 102 (78.5%) while 28 babies (21.5%) elicited a pathological response. In the normal ABR group mean thresholds values ranged between 24.7-35 dBHL, and it was observed that the thresholds diminished with neonatal maturation. Behavioural audiometry disclosed that 77.5% normal full-term neonates responded to pure tone 1000 Hz, with mean threshold of 92.83 dBHL, while only 59.09% of pre-term neonates responded to pure tone stimuli at 101 dBHL.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1984

Hearing loss following Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in infancy. Diagnosis by evoked response audiometry.

Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss during childhood. This study compared the efficacy of auditory brain-stem evoked response (ABER) testing with conventional conditioned orienting response (COR) testing in the early diagnosis of postmeningitic deafness in 34 infants younger than 2 years of age, with a diagnosis of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. In most of the children (62%), results of the two tests were in agreement. The use of ABER testing appeared to be more effective than COR audiometry for the testing of infants younger than 6 months of age, for older children with perceptual handicaps, and for the identification of small children with unilateral hearing loss.

Audiometry↗