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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The vasomotor centre and its afferent pathways.

1. Experiments were carried out on two groups of anaesthetized greyhounds. The response of the first group to infusions of angiotensin II into a vertebral artery for 5 min and to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 2 min was studied before and after bilateral ablation of the areas postrema. The response of the second group to infusions of angiotensin and to carotid occlusion was studied before and after mid-collicular transection of the midbrain. 2. Bilateral ablation of the areas postrema abolished the response to angiotensin infused into a vertebral artery at the dose used but did not significantly alter the response to carotid occlusion. Transection of the midbrain did not abolish the response to either procedure. 3. It is concluded that the structures involved in the cardiovascular response to carotid occlusion are anatomically distinct from the area postrema and that neither response requires the integrity of connections above the pons. 4. An attempt has been made to construct a schematic diagram of the vasomotor centre.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1984

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): origin and course of afferent pathways to the median eminence (ME) of the rat hypothalamus.

8-10 days after making various lesions in the rat hypothalamus, the presence of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neural structures was studied in paraffin and vibratome sections with CRF immunocytochemistry. Bilateral anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) caused complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the median eminence (ME) in brains where the posterior edge of the cut reached the level of the pituitary stalk. A shorter cut resulted in positive immunostaining caudal to the caudal edge of the cut. Unilateral deafferentation of the MBH caused significant decrease in CRF immunostaining in the ipsilateral ME. Unilateral posterolateral deafferentation of the MBH caused no changes in CRF immunostaining in the rostral ME, while fewer CRF-containing processes were observed in the more caudal regions. A horizontal cut ventral to the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) caused a slight decrease in the number of CRF-immunoreactive profiles in the ME. A wider and complete unilateral horizontal cut resulted in a significant decrease in CRF immunoreactivity on the operated side. Following various surgical interventions, hormone accumulation in cell bodies was detected in the paraventricular, periventricular preoptic, dorsomedial, periventricular, lateral and posterior hypothalamic, and premammillary nuclei. Fibers arising from most of these nuclei formed a fan-like projection to the ME. The majority of the CRF-fibers ran through the lateral tract of the fan, and reached the ME by the lateral-basal retrochiasmatic area (LBRCA). Scattered fibers were detected in the lateral-basal hypothalamus as far caudally as the level of the pituitary stalk. Unilateral anterolateral and horizontal cuts did not result in complete disappearance of CRF immunoreactivity from the ipsilateral ME, indicating the existence of CRF-fibers of contralateral origin in the ME.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous visual phenomena with visual loss: 104 patients with lesions of retinal and neural afferent pathways.

Fifty-seven percent of 104 consecutive patients with retinal or neural visual loss reported spontaneous visual phenomena (SVP). Elementary SVP occurred more commonly (51% of patients) than complex SVP (21%). SVP occur with lesions of any portion of the visual pathways. Unlike irritative hallucinations, they do not aid in localization of the lesion. SVP occur significantly more frequently with visual acuity of 20/50 or less in both eyes. These purely visual hallucinations are unlikely to herald psychiatric disease and may be release phenomena stemming from loss of inhibitory visual input.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of narcotics on impulse conduction in the afferent pathways of visceral nerves].

In tests set up on cats immobilized with pyraxolone and anatruxonium the effect of non-inhalation narcotics on the evoked potentials of the cortex and subcortical structures with visceral and also somatic, acoustic and photo-stimulation was studied. With stimuli of different modality sodium ethaminal was found to inhibit evoked potentials of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon and midbrain cortex. Hexabarbital sodium suppressed biopotentials in specific, associative and non- specific brain structures in the event of visceral and somatic stimulation. Viadril enhanced the amplitude of potentials in all types of stimulation Urethan inhibited potentials in specific pathways of visceral and somatic nerves as well as in associative and non-specific brain structures following visceral, somatic and acoustic stimulation, with the amplitude of potentials to photostimulation then increasing.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Morphometric studies of the visual system of the rat following elimination of noradrenergic afferent pathways with 6-hydroxydopamine].

The cell density and the cell size were investigated in the dorsal lateral geniculate body (d lgn) and in the visual cortex (V.C.) of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated rats and compared with control-rats. Following i. p. administration of 6-OHDA at the first postnatal day no catecholaminergic fibres were present in the d lgn and V.C. on 21st postnatal day. The results of the morphometric investigations have shown an increased cell size and cell density in the medial and caudal part of the d lgn. In the visual cortex cell size is decreased in nearly all laminae. The cell density in the V.C. increased in the laminae II, IV, VIb and c and decreased in the lamina VIa. The possible trophic or regulatory influences of the noradrenergic system on cell size and cell density is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Immunohistochemical characterization of serotoninergic afferent pathways in the visual system of the rat].

Using the immunohistochemical PAP-method occurrence, distribution and terminal aborization of serotoninergic axons were investigated in the visual system of the albino rat. The present study reveals that the innervation varies in quantitative and qualitative manner in the different parts of the visual system. A sparsly serotoninergic innervation was observed in the dorsal lateral geniculate body (d lgb) and in the nucleus lateralis posterior. An intensive serotoninergic innervation was found in the lateral part of the ventral lateral geniculate body (v lgb) and in the area praetectalis. Serotoninergic axons show a lamina specific orientation in the colliculus superior and in the visual cortex. Our findings indicate that serotoninergic axons have an intensive terminal aborization in subcortical visual nuclei, which are more or less connected with oculomotoric functions.

Animals↗