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Results for “ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS”

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PubMed1999

Prevalence of antibodies to West Nile fever, sandfly fever Sicilian, and sandfly fever Naples viruses in healthy adults in Israel.

BACKGROUND: The arbovirus infections West Nile fever (WNF) and sandfly fever (SFF) are both endemic in the Middle East. Despite the fact that the mosquito and sandfly vectors of these viruses are still found in Israel, SFF has not been reported since 1948, whereas outbreaks of WNF occur periodically. It is suspected that some of the cases of nonspecific febrile illnesses in Israel may in fact be either WNF or SFF. AIM: To determine the extent of past arbovirus infections in subgroups of Israeli soldiers. METHODS: Sera from random samples of three groups of healthy soldiers aged 18-20 (n=273), 21-30 (n=497), and 40-55 years (n=285) were examined for IgG and IgM antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV), sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), and sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV), using an ELISA method. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies increased with age for all three viruses examined, and ranged from 7.0%, 0, and 2.8%, for WNV, SFSV, AND SFNV, respectively, in soldiers aged 18-20 years, to 41.9%, 23.7%, and 30.8%, in those aged 40-55 years. The percentage of seropositives for IgG who were also IgM positive were 1.0%, 5.9%, and 3.4%, for WNV, SFSV, AND SFNV, respectively. 17.5% of the seropositives for WNV were also positive for SFSV, as compared with 5.7% among the WNV-seronegatives. Among the seropositives for WNV, 23.99% were positive for SFNV, compared with 9.1% of WNV seronegatives. 48.2% of seropositives for SFSV were positive for SFNV, as compared with 8.4% for SFSV-seronegatives. In the age agroup 40-55 years, there were significantly higher prevalence rates in those born in Israel compared with those born abroad. CONCLUSIONS: There is still significant exposure to WNV, SFSV, and SFNV in Israel. Arborviruses are probably responsible for many cases of non-specific febrile illness in this region.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ecology and prevalence of arboviruses on the territory of the Saratov Region].

The territorial spread of Tahyna, Batai, Sindbis, West Nile fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses throughout the Saratov region in 1998 - 2000 was analyzed. The characteristics of the epizootic activity of the natural foci of these arboviruses in different landscape zones (temperate forest-steppes, steppes and semi-deserts) were calculated. The species composition of small mammals, the natural reservoirs of the causative agents of arbovirus infections, was determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Classification, distribution and importance of arboviruses.

This essay reviews in concise form an extensive subject. Arborviruses belong to a number of different taxonomic groups, some of which include viruses not transmitted by arthropods. A state of the art definition of arboviruses is given which does recognise the importance of vertical transmission in arthropods to the basic maintenance of some arboviruses. Most of the arboviruses which affect humans are included in the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae and Rhabdoviridae. Many arbovirus infections are symptomless. Clinical manifestations range from mild febrile illness, which may or may not be accompanied by skin rash and by arthralgia, to severe and often fatal encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever with shock. Three arboviral diseases considered at present as the most important ones are discussed in more detail: dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis (JE). They have caused some of the most devastating epidemics in recent years. DHF has developed into a major paediatric problem in South East Asia and the Western Pacific with over 6,000,000 hospital admissions and 20,000 deaths in the two regions over the last 20 years. Spectacular outbreaks of yellow fever, such as the one in Ethiopia in 1960-1962 with 15,000-30,000 estimated deaths, still occur in Africa in areas contiguous to rain forest regions where jungle yellow fever is enzootic. JE is characterized by significant mortality in children and old people in many countries of Asia, where the epidemiological patterns and the distribution of the disease have changed in recent years. The complex interrelated factors which are involved in arbovirus ecology are illustrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Results of arbovirological examination of birds of the family Hirundinidae in Czechoslovakia.

Migratory birds (swallow, Hirundo rustica; sand martin, Riparia riparia; house martin, Delichon urbica) caught in southern Moravia (Czechoslovakia) in 1984-87 were examined for arbovirus infections. Isolation experiments were carried out using blood samples of 183 birds (52 swallows, 107 sand martins, and 24 house martins). The results were negative. Serological examinations of 136 birds (36 swallows, 86 sand martins, and 14 house martins) were made by haemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) using 6 arboviral antigens of the genera Alphavirus (Sindbis--SIN) and Flavivirus (tick-borne encephalitis--TBE, West Nile--WN) and of the family Bunyaviridae (Tahyna--TAH, Calovo, CVO, and Bhanja--BHA). Antibodies against all of the tested viruses were detected at different rates: SIN 2.9%, TBE 1.5%, WN 1.5%, TAH 4.4%, CVO 1.5%, and BHA 2.2%. The titres ranged from 1.20 to 1.80.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1978

Arthropod-borne virus infections in Western New Guinea (Irian Jaya): a serological retrospection.

A serological investigation, covering many localities throughout Western New Guinea (Irian Jaya) in 1958-1961 showed that: A general endemicity of arbovirus infections rather than sporadic epidemics, exists in the southern lowlands--large differences exist in geographical distribution of these viruses especially when comparing coastal areas of the southern, with those of the northern and north western parts of the island--in both arbovirus groups noticeable differences in altitude were observed corresponding with the epidemiology of malaria in Irian Jaya--in one locality there was a specific virus prevalence, notably Sindbis virus, within a group--historical and serological evidence suggests that antibody detected to Dengue 2 virus, merely in adult humans, in the coastal area was due to exposure before migration from Indonesia to New Guinea--comparable results were archieved with similar surveys by other workers in Papuan New Guinea and Northern Queensland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Functioning of virus-vector systems].

The transmission of viruses by arthropod vectors is a very complex biological phenomenon, and a very efficient one epidemiologically speaking; it takes place in three successive stages: arthropod infection, virus replication and dissemination within the arthropod, transmission to the vertebrate with, possibly, trans-stadial, vertical and/or venereal transmission. Many factors influence this transmission: endogenous factors, specific of the two components of the system (physiology, biology, genetics of the virus as well as the arthropod) determining vectorial competence, and exogenous environmental factors, which, along with previous ones, condition vectorial capacity. These facts have important consequences on arbovirus evolution, through different mechanisms for segmented or non-segmented genome viruses. They also have practical implications on epidemiology of arbovirus infections, through selective pressures exerted on each development stage of these viruses. These considerations lead us to state some directions for future researches: exact mechanisms of the different virus development stages within their vectors and type of their genetical control, defense reactions of arthropods and pathogenic effects of the viral infection, possible interference with other micro-organisms or with homologous or heterologous antibodies,.. Researchers working in that field should approach the problem not only with "arboviruses" and their vectors, but with consideration for all virus-arthropod relationships, and should take in account the necessity of not too much wandering from conditions of the nature in their experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Skin manifestations of West Nile virus infection.

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a potentially lethal arbovirus infection. Many notable outbreaks have occurred during the last few years throughout the world, including Europe and the USA. The severity of the disease is mainly related to the neurological complications. A maculopapular exanthema is reported as a clinical sign of the disease. Recently an outbreak of WNV infection occurred in southern France. Three patients out of 6 had a similar skin roseola-like eruption. The cluster of 3 cases of similar febrile roseola of unexplained cause during the same week led to the diagnosis of the first WNV human outbreak in France for 40 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Illness rate with viral infections in the Russian Federation].

Presents data on the incidence of infections controllable by vaccine prevention, hepatitides, arbovirus infections, and hemorrhagic fevers, as well as on the share of virus infections in nosocomial morbidity. Defines the tasks of research and practical institutions in liquidation of poliomyelitis and decrease of the incidence of measles. Formulates the problems in epidemiology, prevention, and diagnosis of virus infections to be solved by the year 2000.

Humans↗