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Results for “ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Preschool vision screening.

OBJECTIVES: To undertake a systematic review of the effectiveness of preschool vision screening. To provide evidence on which decisions about the future provision of this service can be made. To indicate areas for further research. STUDY SELECTION: The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines for systematic reviews were used. The research questions were formulated using the Wilson and Jungner criteria for evaluating screening programmes. They concerned prevalence, natural history, disability, treatment and screening in relation to three target conditions: amblyopia, refractive errors and squints which are not cosmetically obvious. Studies were considered for inclusion according to pre-determined criteria for the age group studied, the outcomes measured and the study design. The following types of study design were considered: cross-sectional studies of prevalence, cohort studies of natural history, any type of study (e.g., cross-sectional surveys, case-series, qualitative studies) of disability attributable to a target condition, controlled trials, observational studies and audits of screening programmes, and prospective controlled trials of treatment. DATA SOURCES: The following electronic databases were searched: Biological Abstracts, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, IAC Health Periodicals, IAPV, Medline, Psychlit, Science Citation Index, System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, DHSS-Data, Faculty of Public Health Medicine Database of Dissertations, Index of Scientific and Technical Proceedings, Dissertation Abstracts, Index of Theses, NHS Research Register, Public Health Information Sharing Database. A limited amount of handsearching was undertaken. Reference lists were scanned to identify other relevant studies, and requests for unpublished data were made to people working in the field. DATA EXTRACTION: Data was extracted by the first author and then checked by the second. DATA SYNTHESIS: Quantitative analysis was undertaken where possible. Qualitative analysis was performed where studies were too heterogeneous for the data to be combined, or for research questions that were not suitable for quantitative synthesis. RESEARCH FINDINGS: The electronic search yielded over 5000 references, and over 500 abstracts were downloaded from the databases for further scrutiny. A total of 85 studies were included in the main analysis. PREVALENCE: No studies were found with the primary aim of establishing the prevalence of visual defects in preschool children. Data from studies of screening programmes report a range of yields for all the target conditions combined of 2.4-6.1%. NATURAL HISTORY: No studies designed with the intention of documenting the natural history of the target conditions in children aged 3 or 4 years were found. Other studies that provide some natural history data suggest that mild degrees of amblyopia may resolve spontaneously. In the absence of information about natural history it is impossible to estimate the effect of treatment from studies without a control group that was not treated. DISABILITY: A total of 21 studies exploring disability in relation to the target conditions were included. The literature provides a reasonable basis for generating plausible hypotheses about the ways in which the target conditions might disable people, but is insufficient to draw any firm conclusions about their impact on quality of life. The research to date is not sufficient to determine appropriate outcomes for controlled trials of treatment. TREATMENT: Five randomised controlled trials of treatment and six prospective controlleld trials without randomisation were found. No studies compared treatment with no treatment. Most of the studies were methodologically flawed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Attitudes towards carrier testing in minors: a systematic review.

The objective of this article is to review the attitudes of the different stakeholders (minors, healthcare professionals, parents and relatives of affected individuals) towards carrier testing in minors. The databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, Psychinfo, Biological Abstracts, Francis, Anthropological Index online, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts were searched using key words for the period 1990-2004. Studies were included if they were published in a peer reviewed journal in English and described the attitudes of minors, parents or healthcare professionals towards carrier testing in minors in a family context. The results were presented in a summary form. In total 20 relevant studies were retrieved (2 studies reported the attitudes of two stakeholders). Only one study reported the attitudes of adolescents, two studies reported the attitudes of adults who had undergone carrier testing in childhood. In total six studies have been retrieved discussing the parental attitudes towards carrier testing in their children. Over all studies, most parents showed interest in detecting their children's carrier status and responded they wanted their child tested before the age of majority: some parents even before 12 years. Eight studies were retrieved that reported the attitudes of relatives of affected individuals. Most were in favor of carrier testing before 18 years. The studies retrieved suggest that most parents are interested in the carrier status of their children and want their children to be tested before they reach legal majority (and some even in childhood). This can lead to tensions between parents and healthcare professionals regarding carrier testing in minors. Guidelines of healthcare professionals advise to defer carrier testing on the grounds that children should be able to decide for themselves later in life to request a carrier test or not.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic exposure supplement to the ACR Diagnosis Index.

The principles of radiographic exposure are not included in the American College of Radiology Index for Radiological Diagnoses. A supplement covering such information would permit consistent indexing and integration of principles of radiographic exposure teaching case files with the comprehensive and well-accepted ACR anatomical and pathological index. This article proposes and describes such a supplement, along with an alphabetical index.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1969

Mechanization of libaray procedures in the medium-sized medical library. VII. Relevancy of cited articles in citation indexing.

Science Citation Index is one of a number of indexes based on the assumption that the papers cited by one author refer to work which is relevant to the subject discussed by the author citing them. Cleverdon, however, has questioned that assumption, and it was to test the assumption that this research was undertaken. An attempt was made to determine what percent of articles cited were related to the citing article. The conclusion reached was that in the field of medicine approximately 72 percent of the cited papers were considered related to the original paper by the authors of the original, thus apparently bearing out the assumption for citation indexing.

Abstracting and Indexing↗