Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “weight control”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Usefulness of artificial sweeteners for body weight control.

Artificial sweeteners provide lower calorie food products but have been thought to increase appetite and perhaps lead to increased body weight compared with high-sucrose foods. A recent trial demonstrated that subjects supplementing their diets with artificially sweetened foods lost weight, whereas those consuming high-sucrose foods gained weight. This review sheds some light on the controversy regarding the effects of artificial sweeteners in body weight control.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of eating disorders and weight control practices in Germany in 1990 and 1997.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the prevalence of bulimic behaviors and weight control practices changed between 1990 and 1997. METHOD: In November 1997, we surveyed a representative sample of 2,130 adult subjects in West Germany and 2,155 subjects in East Germany. We asked subjects about binge eating, vomiting, use of laxatives, appetite suppressants and diuretics, and about dieting, weighing, and exercise. As the same questions had been used in a representative survey (N = 1,773) in autumn 1990 in West Germany, trend comparisons for prevalence between 1990 and 1997 are possible. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe eating binges twice a week dropped nonsignificantly between 1997 and 1990 from 3.1% to 2.4% in men and from 2.3% to 1.3% in women. In men, the prevalence of binge eating disorder dropped nonsignificantly from 2.4% to 1.5%, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa from 2.1% to 1.1%. In women, the prevalence of binge eating disorder dropped nonsignificantly from 1.5% to 0.7% and that of bulimia nervosa from 2.4% to 1.1%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of bulimic behaviors decreased slightly during 1990 and 1997 in the West German population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Aging and weight control: dietary management of diabetes.

Nutritional treatment priorities for elderly patients with diabetes may vary with age, relative body weight, type of diabetes, other health factors and life-style. The age-adjusted tables for recommended body weight have implications for setting weight goals for diabetes treatment and for individuals at risk for developing diabetes. Dietary management of elderly patients with or at high risk for developing diabetes needs to consider: (1) weight changes associated with age, (2) the relative merits of various weight control methods, (3) composition of the recommended diabetic diet, and (4) factors influencing the selection of a therapeutic approach for an individual.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Weight control and breast cancer prevention: are the effects of reduced energy intake equivalent to those of increased energy expenditure?

Failure to prevent adult weight gain is associated with an elevated risk for breast cancer. In general, an increase in body weight is accounted for by excess energy intake relative to energy expenditure. Efforts to control weight gain usually involve either a reduction in energy intake via dietary energy restriction (DER), an increase in energy expenditure via physical activity (PA), or both. However, it is not clear whether preventing weight gain by DER, PA, or their combination has comparable effects on the risk for cancer. Results from preclinical models indicate that DER results in a highly reproducible and dose-dependent inhibition of experimentally induced breast cancer. PA also inhibits mammary carcinogenesis, but whether these effects depend on energy balance is not clear. Emerging evidence indicates that reduced levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 (IGF-1) and elevated levels of corticosterone may be involved in DER-mediated protection against cancer; however, conditions of PA reported to protect against cancer can actually increase circulating levels of IGF-1. Mechanistic studies have shown that DER inhibits cell proliferation, creates a proapoptotic environment, and reduces blood vessel density adjacent to premalignant and malignant mammary pathologies; comparable information is not available from preclinical studies of PA and carcinogenesis. Additional research is needed to investigate the equivalence of DER, PA, and their combination in breast cancer prevention under comparable conditions of energy balance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The evaluation of a behavioural food and weight control programme for obese patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes.

We report here on the evaluation of a behaviour modification programme for food and weight control in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The results of this pilot study, involving a highly selected group of patients, showed that weight was reduced by an average of 4.5% over 11 weeks and that this difference was statistically significant. This average weight loss is in the range typically found for similar programmes. Glycosylated haemoglobin fell by 7.8% on average and serum total cholesterol fell by 3%, both statistically significant changes. Triglycerides fell by 17%, although this was not significant. The programme in its present form appears helpful in aiding motivated patients to make modest improvements in their blood sugars and lipids. However, we have identified a number of modifications and additions that could be made to improve it.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The Healthy Worker Project: a work-site intervention for weight control and smoking cessation.

OBJECTIVES: A randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a work-site health promotion program in reducing obesity and the prevalence of cigarette smoking. METHODS: Thirty-two work sites were randomized to treatment or no treatment for 2 years. Treatment consisted of health education classes combined with a payroll-based incentive system. Evaluation was based on cohort and cross-sectional surveys. RESULTS: Of 10,000 total employees in treatment work sites, 2041 and 270 participated in weight control and smoking cessation programs, respectively. Weight losses averaged 4.8 lbs, and 43% of smoking participants quit. Net 2-year reductions in smoking prevalence in treatment vs control work sites were 4.0% and 2.1% in cross-sectional and cohort surveys, respectively. No treatment effect was found for weight. Treatment effects for smoking prevalence and weight were both positively correlated with participation rates in the intervention programs (r = .45 for smoking and r = .55 for weight). CONCLUSIONS: This work-site health promotion program was effective in reducing smoking prevalence at a cost that is believed to make the investment worthwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Changes in eating and weight control habits after myocardial infarction.

The focus of this study was to describe changes the patients make in eating and weight control habits 3--4 months after diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and to identify difficulties associated with the reported changes 1 month later. Subjects were 50 male patients (mean age 48 years, mean body mass index 27.9kg/m(2)) participating in an in-patient cardiac rehabilitation programme. The changes were assessed with a questionnaire (46 items) at the beginning of the rehabilitation programme and 4 days food diaries were used to assess the diet at home. Difficulties were assessed with a questionnaire (34 items) 1 month later. Nearly all patients (96%) had changed their habits after myocardial infarction. The majority of the patients (76%) reported that they had consumed foods containing less fat and many of them anticipated difficulties to eat healthily at workplace. More attention could be paid to self-change without the assistance of formal treatment among patients with cardiac disease.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of abnormal eating behaviours and inappropriate methods of weight control in young women from Brazil: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this epidemiological investigation was to study the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviours in a community sample of young women from Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. METHODS: The research team visited 1524 randomly selected households in Porto Alegre and invited all of the women aged 12-29 years to participate in the study: 513 women subsequently completed a socio-economic and demographic questionnaire, the Bulimic Investigatory Test (BITE) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). RESULTS: Clinically significant disturbed eating behaviour was revealed in the 16.5% of women who had EAT scores above the cut-off point of 21; 2.9% also had BITE symptom scores of > or = 20. The participants were categorised into three groups on the basis of a new variable combining both instruments: those with abnormal eating behaviours (10.9%), those with unusual eating patterns (23.8%), and those with normal eating behaviours (60.2%). Abnormal eating behaviours were significantly more prevalent in the 16-19 year age range (p = 0.007) and were also more prevalent among overweight/obese women (p = 0.009). Laxative use was reported by 8.5% of the women, followed by fasting (3.1%), use of diuretics (2.8%) and vomiting (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal eating behaviours are fairly common among young women in Brazil. In comparison with other population studies, this survey showed a similar use of laxatives, less self-induced vomiting and a greater use of diet pills (probably because they are less strictly controlled in Brazil). Educational programmes aimed at preventing abnormal eating behaviours and developing healthy weight control practices among children and young adolescents should become public health priorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Dietary habits, attitudes toward weight control, and subjective symptoms of fatigue in young women in Japan].

PURPOSE: This paper describes dietary habits and attitudes toward body weight control of college women in Japan and examines their relationships with subjective symptoms of fatigue. We also discuss strategies to promote better diets among young adults. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 286 young women aged 18 to 25 years; 275 of these were analyzed. RESULTS: The study found that more than half of the women were concerned about nutritional balance and calories. Yet thirty percent ate "a single-item meal (i.e., bread, rice bowl, noodles) two or more times a day," while roughly one half skipped breakfast "sometimes" or "always." A majority ate vegetables "almost never" and consumed instant foods, confectionery, or sugary drinks "almost daily." Subjective symptoms of fatigue were significantly correlated with a higher frequency of irregular meal-taking, single-item meals, between-meal snacking, missed breakfasts, non-vegetable diets, non-fruit diets, and instant foods and confectionery. About sixty percent of the women in the study considered their bodies to be "slightly fat or overweight" while 79.5% indicated a desire to "lose weight". On average, the participants' ideal BMI was 18.7 (+/- 1.2) while the ideal body weight was 47.2 (+/- 4.1) kg, approximately 4 kg under actual average body weight. Subjective symptoms of fatigue were stronger among women who considered themselves "slightly fat or overweight". Likewise, symptoms were stronger to the extent that a participant's ideal BMI was below her actual BMI. CONCLUSION: Many women in this study desired to lose weight although they were not overweight by objective measures. The study suggests that subjective symptoms of fatigue are not the result of individual dietary habits, but rather of a lifestyle that reach to series of dietary habits connected to subjective symptoms of fatigue. The study also confirms the importance both of encouraging young women not just to eat well but to lead lifestyles in which they do not skip meals and of efforts that might help them to evaluate their own bodies more objectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Physical activity within a community-based weight control program: program evaluation and predictors of success.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of adding physical activity sessions to a weight control program in a community health center and to identify individuals suitable for outpatient group treatment with and without physical activity. METHODS: The study population included 42 overweight women who were randomly divided into treatment groups. Both treatment groups received guidance in nutrition and behavior modification and the exercise group also participated in physical activity sessions. Both treatments included 20 sessions and participants were followed up for eight months. RESULTS: In both treatments, significant improvements were seen in physical fitness, anthropometric measurements, nutritional knowledge, food consumption, and eating behaviors. Weight loss following three months of weekly sessions did not differ by treatment group. At follow-up there was a trend towards increased maintenance of weight loss in the exercise group, however differences were not statistically significant. Attrition rates were low in both treatments and participant satisfaction was high. Lower baseline BMI predicted larger weight losses, in particular in the exercise group. Other predictors of weight loss included poorer baseline eating behaviors and employment outside of the home. Perceived spouse support predicted continual participation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The DIET study: long-term outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral weight-control intervention in independent-living elders. Dietary Intervention: Evaluation of Technology.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral weight-control intervention implemented in a community-based sample of independent-living, older adults. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design was used to compare an intervention community with a wait-listed control community. Comparisons between the communities were made at 40 weeks (J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:37-42). The controlled trial ended at 40 weeks; then both communities received 2 years of intervention. Two-year data from both communities were combined and are presented in this article. Three-year outcome data from the initial intervention community were available and are also presented. SUBJECTS: A total of 247 overweight (> 4.5 kg of age-adjusted weight), older (mean age = 71 years) adults in 2 independent-living retirement communities participated in the study. INTERVENTION: The Dietary Intervention: Evaluation of Technology (DIET) study consisted of an intensive 10-week psychoeducational approach focused on lifestyle change, followed by a less intensive 2-year phase focusing on relapse prevention and maintenance of lifestyle changes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physiologic and behavioral variables were analyzed at baseline and at 2 years after baseline. This article reports the combined 2-year outcome data from both retirement communities. Results of an additional follow-up 1 year after intervention was withdrawn are reported for the initial intervention community. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A within-subjects repeated measures analysis of variance design was used to test for significant changes in weight and lipid values over time. RESULTS: At 2 years, 70% of those who started the intervention remained actively enrolled. This group showed significant decreases in body mass index (-1.2, P < .001) and glucose level (-0.80 mmol/L, P < .001). Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had increased at 40 weeks after baseline, this was not maintained at 2 years. At the 3-year follow-up, changes in body mass index and glucose level were maintained. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this article was to describe the long-term outcomes of a community-based weight-reduction intervention for older adults. The findings may be of interest to clinicians who design community or worksite weight-reduction programs. Although the intervention was designed to be a low-intensity program, attrition over the length of the study was still problematic. Nevertheless, our follow-up study indicates that this intervention was efficacious in maintaining reductions in weight and glucose levels for overweight older adults for 3 years.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Application of Cox's interaction model of client health behavior in a weight control program for military personnel: a preintervention baseline.

This study represents a limited application of Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior in a weight control program for enlisted US Army soldiers. Relationships of client singularity variables (demographic characteristics, motivation, psychological distress, and designation as overweight or normal weight) to one another and to preintervention measures of client outcomes (health status, health risk) were examined in a sample of 154 soldiers. Hypotheses deduced from the model were tested using multiple regression. The Cox model received partial support, in that some client singularity variables were interrelated; they explained nearly half of the variance in health status, but less than 25% of the variance in health risk. Demographic characteristics were not effective predictors in the present study, perhaps because of the homogeneous sample. The model has potential utility for providing baseline information for preventive health programs in occupational settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Further support for consistent self-monitoring as a vital component of successful weight control.

OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to replicate that of Baker and Kirschenbaum by providing a descriptive analysis of the relationship between self-monitoring and weight control. PROCEDURES: Fifty-nine women and men in long-term cognitive-behavioral treatment for obesity participated over an 8-week period. Percentages of participants who self-monitored consistently and the relationship between the variability in self-monitoring and weight change were examined. RESULTS: As in the previous study, a substantial minority of the participants in this research (26.3%) self-monitored all foods eaten on less than half of the days evaluated. The assertion of Baker and Kirschenbaum that self-monitoring is most appropriately viewed as both a state and a trait was supported by finding that the most consistent self-monitors lost more weight than the least consistent self-monitors; however, regardless of overall self-monitoring consistency, participants lost much more weight during their two most consistent weeks compared with their two least consistent weeks. Again, as in the previous study, only the more consistent quartile of self-monitors lost a substantial amount during the course of this study. DISCUSSION: The results of both studies taken together suggests that a reasonable target for consistency for self-monitoring within the context of a professional cognitive-behavioral treatment program may be self-monitoring all foods eaten on at least 75% of the days. If participants generally self-monitor on less than half of the days during participation in such programs, they may be very unlikely to succeed at weight loss both during the program and afterward.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Weight control practices of U.S. adults trying to lose weight.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative prevalence of different types and combinations of practices among weight-loss practitioners and to describe the relations between individual characteristics and various features of weight-loss regimens. DESIGN: A telephone survey of a random digit-dialed probability sample of adults in the continental United States who reported that they were trying to lose weight. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1431 persons 18 years or older who were attempting to lose weight. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reports of a detailed inventory of more than 35 specific practices that might be used as part of a voluntary weight-loss plan, along with information about individual characteristics such as current weight, weight-loss history, demographic profile, motivations to lose weight, sources of information, and knowledge about diet and health. RESULTS: The average respondent had a current weight-loss attempt lasting from 5 to 6 months, had tried a similar plan before, and had averaged one attempt a year for the past 2 years. Seventy-one percent of women and 62% of men reported that they were both changing their diet and exercising more as part of a current weight-loss attempt. Frequently reported weight-loss practices included weighing oneself regularly (71% and 70% for women and men, respectively), walking (58% and 44%), using diet soft drinks (52% and 45%), taking vitamins and minerals (33% and 26%), counting calories (25% and 17%), skipping meals (21% and 20%), using commercial meal replacements, (15% and 13%), taking diet pills (14% and 7%), and participating in organized weight-loss programs (13% and 5%). Sex, education, and overweight status influenced the choice of a weight-loss practice. CONCLUSIONS: Individual approaches to weight-loss vary and are characterized by their duration and by their recurrent nature. Policy efforts should be directed toward increasing the long-term effectiveness of individual weight-loss plans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Eating disorder variables and self image in Italian girls attending a weight control clinic.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate eating disorder variables and self image in Italian female adolescents asking for a weight control treatment. METHOD: Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (1991) and Offer Self-Image questionnaire (1989) were administered; 100 subjects (75 outpatients and 25 controls) were enrolled over a period of three months and divided into three study groups (normal, overweight and obese), and one control group. RESULTS: The relationship between BMI and problematic personality traits tends to be linear and positive. Obese adolescent females describe themselves in more negative terms than non-obese individuals and show a psychological profile similar to individuals with eating disorders, especially for Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness. Even in the absence of overt mental pathology, obesity can result associated to a psychological distress and it's a risk factor for mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Healthy weight control and dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs: results from a controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Because universal psychoeducational eating disorder prevention programs have had little success, we developed and evaluated two interventions for high-risk populations: a healthy weight control intervention and a dissonance-based intervention. METHOD: Adolescent girls (N = 148) with body image concerns were randomized to one of these interventions or to a waitlist control group. Participants completed baseline, termination, and 1, 3, and 6-month follow-up surveys. RESULTS: Participants in both interventions reported decreased thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms at termination and follow-up relative to controls. However, no effects were observed for body dissatisfaction or dieting and effects diminished over time. DISCUSSION: Results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce bulimic pathology and risk factors for eating disturbances.

Adolescent↗