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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Dimensions of scholarship and the advancement of nursing science: articulating a vision.

Nursing science, if defined as only the works emanating from the totality and simultaneity paradigms, cannot be said to have had a transformed nursing practice. Indeed, general acceptance of nursing theory as that which guides inquiry, education, and practice in nursing has not been achieved. In this column, the author calls for a more inclusive conceptualization of nursing science, beyond the acknowledged intradisciplinary paradigms. Nursing is posited as a human science with multiple paradigms, and two new paradigms are proposed. Finally, the author calls for an educational renaissance in nursing and establishment of a more scholarly trajectory toward entry into the profession.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Recurrence of choroid plexus papilloma with malignant transformation--case report and lectin histochemistry study.

A very rare primary choroid plexus carcinoma occurred in a 44-year-old male presenting with occipitalgia, nausea, and blurred vision. The tumor had progressed from a choroid plexus papilloma in the fourth ventricle which was totally removed 6 years previously. Lectin histochemistry might be useful for the differential diagnosis of primary choroid plexus neoplasms and other brain tumors such as secondary carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of Snellen acuity and objective assessment using the spatial frequency sweep PVER.

BACKGROUND: We compared the vision objectively assessed by spatial frequency sweep pattern-reversal visual-evoked response (SPVER) with the Snellen acuity in patients. METHODS: SPVER acuity and Snellen acuity were measured in 100 patients with various ocular pathologies, including macular diseases, diffuse retinal degeneration, optic nerve diseases, glaucoma, and high myopia. For SPVER, 10 sinusoidally modulated vertical gratings were presented as stimuli. The responses were averaged and displayed through the discrete Fourier transform on the monitor display. The PVER acuity was determined by extrapolating the SPVER amplitude-spatial frequency function to baseline. RESULTS: Vision ranged from 20/15 to 20/400 with Snellen acuity, and from 20/25 to 20/190 with SPVER. The overall correlation between the two acuities was r = 0.666. The correlation varied from r = 0.895 in eyes with glaucoma to r = 0.436 in eyes with optic nerve disease. Seventy-seven eyes (77%) had a visual acuity agreement of within 1.0 octave between the two measurements. CONCLUSION: The SPVER acuity and the Snellen acuity correlated to a certain degree. Discrepancies were found in certain diseases, with the highest disparity in patients with optic nerve disease. We conclude that the SPVER is effective in estimating vision objectively, particularly in patients in whom the standard Snellen test is impossible to perform or yields unreliable results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for retinal angiomatous proliferation.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT), using verteporfin, for subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) with pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and/or choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: In this non-comparative, consecutive, interventional, case series, the data on 21 eyes (19 with stage 2 and two with stage 3 RAP) of 20 patients were reviewed. Serous PED occupied more than 50% of the lesion in 19 eyes. PDT was performed as per TAP protocol. Biomicroscopy and fluorescein and indocyanine-green angiography were performed to evaluate anatomical results and need for retreatment. Changes from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications, were assessed. RESULTS: A mean of 3.5+/-0.9 treatments was performed. After 13.7+/-2.2 months, mean BCVA decreased from 20/80 to 20/174 (P=0.0063). In six eyes (28.6%) BCVA remained stable, whereas in 15 eyes (71.5%) it decreased. Occlusion of RAP and flattening of PED was observed in three (14.2%) eyes, conversion to disciform lesion in one (4.7%), and persistence of PED in 11 eyes (52.3%). One eye (4.7%) evolved to haemorrhagic PED, and one (4.7%) toward stage 3 RAP. A tear in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was observed in four eyes (19%). Eleven (52.3%) showed progression of leakage, six moderate leakage (28.6%), and three (14.2%) absence of leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Timely PDT with verteporfin in the early stages in eyes with smaller lesions has the potential for a beneficial effect on vision, whereas it might worsen the natural course of larger lesions, with most eyes undergoing enlargement, disciform transformation or RPE tear.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Temporal sensitivity of human luminance pattern mechanisms determined by masking with temporally modulated stimuli.

Target contrast thresholds were measured using vertical spatial Gabor targets in the presence of full field maskers of the same spatial frequency and orientation. In the first experiment both target and masker were 2 cpd. The target was modulated at a frequency of 1 or 10 Hz and the maskers varied in temporal frequency from 1 to 30 Hz and in contrast from 0.03 to 0.50. In the second experiment both target and masker had a spatial frequency of 1, 5 or 8 cpd. The target was modulated at 7.5 Hz and the same set of maskers was used as in the first experiment. The results are not consistent with a widely used model that is based on mechanisms in which excitation is summed linearly and the sum is transformed by an S-shaped nonlinear excitation-response function. A new model of human pattern vision mechanisms, which has excitatory and divisive inhibitory inputs, describes the results well. Parameters from the best fit of the new model to the results of the first experiment show that the 1 Hz and 10 Hz targets were detected by mechanisms with temporal low-pass and band-pass excitatory sensitivity, respectively. Fits to the second experiment suggest that at 1 cpd, the excitatory tuning of the detecting mechanism is band-pass. At 5 and 8 cpd, the mechanisms are excited by a broad range of temporal frequencies. Mechanism sensitivity to divisive inhibition depends on temporal frequency in the same general way as sensitivity to excitation. Mechanisms are more broadly tuned to divisive inhibition than to excitation, except when the target temporal frequency is high.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

What blocks health visitors from taking on a leadership role?

Current government documents in the United Kingdom call for all nurses to take on a greater leadership role. This paper critically considers some of the management factors that block one group of specialist nurses (health visitors) from fulfilling their leadership role. Health visitors have a key role to play in meeting the public health targets of local primary care trusts, known as local health improvement plans. But to take on a greater public health role, health visitors need to move away from working independently within separate general practitioner surgeries and to work in teams which share the vision and goals of the primary care trusts. The paper explores different styles of management that promote transformational leadership and relate to practice. It is suggested that use of the Servant-Leader model of management should encourage the empowerment of staff, and through empowerment health visitors should be able to instigate change and become more innovative in their practice. Persistent recruitment and retention problems have resulted in little time being available to focus on the effectiveness of services. The future management of health visitors will be to primarily run the service while supporting staff in accessing and influencing those in power.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Load distribution of articular cartilage from MR-images by neural nets.

Artificial neural nets were used to determine the Young's modulus and spatial load distribution in articular cartilage by means of T2-weighted MR imaging. MR images were obtained in vitro (ex vivo?) from the joints of sheep of different ages (3 months, 9 months, 15 months, 1.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years) and pigs (4 and 6 months) with a Bruker AMX 300 (7 T) spectrometer equipped with a micro-imaging unit. The knee of a 29-year-old male volunteer was studied in vivo under mechanical load using a clinical Siemens Vision MRT (1.5 T). The load of the cartilage is understood as a non-linear image transformation of loaded versus unloaded images. The artificial neural net was used to recognize given reference pixels of the unloaded cartilage within the image of the loaded cartilage. The Young's modulus was calculated from the local strain and the external pressure using the Hooke's law. With this method, the average Young's modulus was obtained in relationship to the biological age of the cartilage. The investigated age interval showed a progressive increase of 0.5 +/- 0.3 MPa per year. These results are consistent with published results. As shown in this pilot study, the method of neural nets allows the visualization of the spatial load distribution within the articular cartilage.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

A systolic algorithm for Euclidean distance transform.

The Euclidean distance transform is one of the fundamental operations in image processing. It has been widely used in computer vision, pattern recognition, morphological filtering, and robotics. This paper proposes a systolic algorithm that computes the Euclidean distance map of an N x N binary image in 3N clocks on 2N(2) processing cells. The algorithm is designed so that the hardware resources are reduced; especially no mulitipliers are used and, thus, it facilitates VLSI implementation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Image processing strategies dedicated to visual cortical stimulators: a survey.

Multi-electrode devices are constantly evolving toward a state where complexity and reliability are adequate for providing a breakthrough in visual cortical stimulation allowing the blind to recover partial vision. Yet few research teams have focused on the development of the front-end subsystem that transforms an input image from a camera into stimulation commands. This article collects state-of-the-art knowledge about the appearance and organization of phosphenes, and previous work in image processing dedicated to visual cortical stimulation. Observations and hypothesis about important issues are highlighted, and six image processing strategies that could be used in such a subsystem are presented, from the most optimistic that use brightness modulation to emulate grayscale to the most conservative that use only on/off phosphene evocation.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

Uniform-scale chromaticity diagram with angular coordinates in zero-curvature space.

Dichromats have angular color discrimination in the usual chromaticity diagrams. Normal trichromatic vision is obtained by combining tritanopic and deuteranopic vision. In this paper, a new pair of angular variables is introduced from which, by a suitable transformation, a uniform-scale chromaticity diagram in zero-curvature space is obtained.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1996

Leadership in the formation of new health care environments.

The capacity for managers to be effective leaders is clearly being challenged by rapid changes in the health care environment. In this climate, transformational leadership is considered superior to hierarchy-dependent, transactional leadership. This approach may also be very effective in motivating staff and fostering organizational transformation. The article describes six processes that are critical for those who seek to be dynamic leaders: visioning, communicating for meaning, creating possibilities, developing stakeholders, building spirit and will, and sustaining focus.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

Visual detection of spatial contrast patterns: evaluation of five simple models.

The ModelFest Phase One dataset is a collection of luminance contrast thresholds for 43 two-dimensional monochromatic spatial patterns confined to an area of approximately two by two degrees. These data were collected by a collaboration among twelve laboratories, and were designed to provide a common database for calibration and testing of spatial vision models. Here I report fits of the ModelFest data with five models: Peak Contrast, Contrast Energy, Generalized Energy, a Gabor Channels model, and a Discrete Cosine Transform model. The Gabor Channels model provides the best fit, though the other, simpler models, with the exception of Peak Contrast, provide remarkably good fits as well. Though there are clear individual differences, regularities in the data suggest the possibility of constructing a standard observer for spatial vision.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the safety of 193-nanometer excimer laser refractive corneal surgery.

Current literature on the potential hazards of 193-nanometer excimer laser corneal surgery is reviewed. The healing process of the different layers involved in the procedure is examined. The epithelium regenerates without delay or abnormal adhesion. A certain loss of corneal transparency seems to be only a short-term complication. The phototoxic risk for the endothelium and the lens has not yet been fully investigated. This risk is presently thought to be minimal. Factors such as improper corneal centering could lead to degradation of best corrected visual acuity or to loss of contrast sensitivity. Results of the first clinical trials indicate that vision quality does not appear to be adversely affected. The last section reviews studies designed to investigate the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 193-nanometer UV radiation. In vivo experiments could find no evidence of cellular transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Vision for the future of public health nursing: a case for primary health care.

Canada has embraced the goal of the World Health Organization to achieve health for all. This has created a paradigm shift from a focus on direct care to include health promotion and community development, consistent with a primary health care approach. Nevertheless, a clearly articulated vision for the role of public health nurses (PHNs) is lacking. Despite the fact that PHNs make up the largest group of health care workers in the community, their collective opinions and ideas regarding their own practice are seldom sought in a systematic manner. We conducted a survey of public health nurses in British Columbia. Using a two-wave Delphi approach, PHNs were asked to define issues for the future of public health nursing, and to state publicly their preferences for change and transformation. The responses were rank ordered, analyzed, and compared with recent nursing and health care literature to interpret their content. The PHNs' visions for tomorrow agree with concepts of primary health care and community development, and have implications for community health nursing's practice and education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new formulation of recombinant human growth hormone administered by ZomaJet 2 Vision, a new needle-free device, compared to subcutaneous administration using a conventional syringe.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the applicability of a new human growth hormone (Zomacton) formulation, administered both by a conventional syringe and by a new needle-free device (ZomaJet 2 Vision). The study was performed according to a randomized, controlled, three-period crossover design. On 3 separate days, all subjects received in a random order a single subcutaneous injection of 1.67 mg hGH as follows: Zomacton 4 mg/ml conventional syringe administration (Treatment A), Zomacton 10 mg/ml conventional syringe administration (Treatment B), or Zomacton 10 mg/ml ZomaJet 2 Vision administration (Treatment C). The pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed for the individual subjects in each group by noncompartmental methods. Bioequivalence was assessed based on log-transformed AUC and C(max) values. To investigate the effectiveness of two formulations and the different administration methods, the pharmacodynamic parameters (insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and free fatty acids [FFA]) were also evaluated. No subjects were withdrawn due to adverse events. The local tolerance assessment (assessed by inspection)revealed no differences between ZomaJet2 Vision application and conventional injections by syringe. Administration of the new hGH formulation by syringe was found to be bioequivalent with the reference treatment, both based on AUC and C(max) values; the new formulation administered by use of ZomaJet 2 Vision was found to be bioequivalent based on AUC values only. When using the ZomaJet 2 Vision, the absorption of hGH was faster, resulting in higher C(max) values. The maximum hGH serum concentration of around 20 ng/ml was observed 3.5 to 4 hours after drug administration. The terminal half-life was found to be around 2.5 hours. Comparison of the pharmacodynamic profiles (both IGF-1 and FFA) demonstrated bioequieffectiveness. These results support the use of jet injectors as a viable alternative to the traditional injection pens.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transformational partnership for delivery of R.N. baccalaureate education: a service/education leadership model.

A transformational partnership model between a consortium of rural community hospitals and a private Christian university reflects a shared vision for R.N. baccalaureate degree completion. The model includes a community-wide system to promote and sustain accessible, high-quality education for the place-bound R.N. who desires to achieve a B.S.N. Stakeholders, experiencing the current climate of change in health care, benefit from this innovative service/education leadership model. The collaboration built on a commitment to common goals and shared resources seeks to prepare individuals who apply critical thinking to practice settings along with the continuum of care.

Christianity↗
PubMed1992

Nurses who violate the Nurse Practice Act: transformation of professional identity.

The purpose of this interpretive research was to explore and describe the experiences of nurses who had been accused of violating the Nurse Practice Act. These nurses were investigated by the Florida Department of Professional Regulation (DPR); "probable cause" that a violation of the Nurse Practice Act occurred was found; the nurses participated in a hearing and were required to comply with the Board of Nursing's (BON) order. In-depth interviews with nurses, DPR and BON staff, participant observation at BON hearings and document analysis of BON files provided multiple slices of data. The grounded theory method was used for data analysis. These nurses experienced a transformation of professional identity. The transformation involved five phases - being confronted, assuming a stance, going through it, living the consequences and re-visioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Visual acuity and refraction in type I diabetic patients aged 25-34 years.

Of the total population of 270 25- to 34-year-old insulin dependent diabetic patients with onset less than or equal to 30 years in the county of Fyn, Denmark, a sample of 138 was drawn for examination. Of the 138 examined patients, 4 (2.9%) were legally blind and 119 (86.2%) had good vision in both eyes. The cause of reduced vision was proliferative retinopathy in the majority of eyes. Refraction, measured objectively with a refractometer in cycloplegia and transformed to spherical equivalents, was -0.25 D or more myopic in approx. 50% of eyes. Correlation analyses did not demonstrate significant association between refraction, and duration of diabetes or Hb-A1c.

Adult↗