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PubMed2026

Proteomics profiling of serum and liver in GSD Ia and Ib patients: insights into complication mechanisms and circulation biomarkers.

BACKGROUND: Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) Types Ia and Ib are rare metabolic diseases caused by gene variants in G6PC1 and SLC37A4, respectively. Although life-threatening fasting hypoglycemia can be controlled by a strict diet, patients often suffer from multiple metabolic abnormalities and severe long-term complications. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and there is a lack of effective monitoring biomarkers. Therefore, the aims of this study are to investigate the pathological mechanisms of the disease and disease complications in GSD I and identify potential protein biomarkers. METHODS: Comprehensive untargeted proteomics was performed on 18 GSD Ia and 8 GSD Ib sera samples from patients with 21 matched control sera, complemented by liver 3 GSD Ia samples and 1 GSD Ib sample from patient liver tissues, compared to 10 donor liver samples. RESULTS: We identified 415 proteins in total. Significantly changed (FDR < 0.05) were observed in 158 (38%) proteins for GSD Ia vs Control, 116 (28%) for GSD Ib vs. Control, and 151 (36%) for GSD Ia vs. Ib. Pathway analysis revealed distinct alterations in serum/plasma, with 58, 32, and 29 significantly changed biological processes (FDR < 0.05) in these three comparisons, respectively. The coagulation pathway was the most significantly changed one in the GSD Ia patients. Immune response-associated proteins, especially immunoglobulins, were increased in GSD Ib specifically. Proteins related to liver injury, cholesterol, and amyloidosis were altered in two subtypes, though more pronounced in GSD Ia. Potential biomarkers with significant alterations both in the circulation and in the liver tissue were identified specifically for monitoring GSD I subtypes and prognosing liver deterioration, namely APOC1 and CD5L to distinguish between GSD Ia and Ib and ALDOB for the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in GSD Ia patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide new insights into the differences between the two GSD I subtypes and the pathogenesis of GSD I-related complications, as well as highlighting the potential of protein circulating biomarkers for monitoring complication progression in GSD I and assessing HCC risk in GSD Ia patients.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Proteomic profiling of erythrocyte proteins by proteolytic digestion chip and identification using two-dimensional electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on coinage metal provide versatile modeling systems for studies of interfacial electron transfer, biological interactions, molecular recognition, and other interfacial phenomena. The bonding of enzyme to SAMs of alkanethiols onto gold surfaces is exploited to produce an enzyme chip. In this work, the attachment of trypsin to a SAMs surface of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was achieved using water soluble N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide as coupling agent. A two-dimensional liquid-phase separation scheme coupled with mass spectrometry is presented for proteomic analysis of erythrocyte proteins. The application of proteomics, particularly with reference to analysis of proteins, will be described. Surface analyses have revealed that the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) C1s and N1s core levels illustrate the immobilization of trypsin. These data are also in good agreement with Fourier Transformed Infrared Reflection-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectra for the peaks at Amide I and Amide II. Using two-dimensional nano-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2D nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) system observations, analytical results have demonstrated the erythrocyte proteins digestion of the immobilized trypsin on the functionalized SAMs surface. For such surfaces, it also shows the enzyme digestion ability of the immobilized trypsin. The experiment results revealed the identification of 272 proteins from erythrocyte protein sample. The terminal groups of the SAMs structure can be further functionalized with biomolecules or antibodies to develop surface-base diagnostics, biosensors, or biomaterials.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Preliminary screening of urinary host protein biomarkers for Schistosomiasis haematobium: A proteome profiling study identifying candidate diagnostic targets in school-aged children.

Schistosomiasis is a major public health challenge and a globally neglected tropical disease. Schistosoma haematobium, the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, is endemic in African countries; with school-aged children ages 7-15 years being the most vulnerable population. Current diagnostic methods rely on microscopy to identify parasite eggs in urine; which is labor-intensive, requires specialized skills, and often lacks sensitivity, especially in mild infections. To address these limitations, we explored host disease-related biomarkers as a promising avenue for advancing diagnosis and detection. We recruited 135 children ages 7-15 years from Zanzibar, a known transmission hotspot, and used data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics combined with machine learning to identify potential host protein biomarkers in urine samples from individuals infected with Schistosoma haematobium. Proteomic analysis identified 823 common host proteins in urine samples from the infected group. Machine learning algorithms highlighted candidate discriminative proteins; which were validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Machine learning emphasized SYNPO2, CD276, α2M, LCAT, and hnRNPM as the most discriminating biomarkers for Schistosoma haematobium infection. ELISA validation confirmed the differential expression trends of these proteins, while machine learning further validated LCAT and α2M, underscoring their diagnostic potential. Our study focused on host-derived proteins and identified key urinary protein biomarkers associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection, and offers new insights into host-parasite interactions and potential tools for non-invasive diagnostics. While validated in African pediatric populations from transmission hotspots, this host-protein approach inherently overcomes geographic limitations of parasite-based diagnostics; which is a critical advantage for surveillance in non-endemic regions where imported cases threaten gains toward elimination. These findings lay the groundwork for developing novel diagnostic approaches that could significantly improve the detection and surveillance of schistosomiasis, particularly in high-risk populations.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Proteomic profiling of human pleural effusion using two-dimensional nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Pleural effusion, an accumulation of pleural fluid, contains proteins originated from plasma filtrate and, especially when tissues are damaged, parenchyma interstitial spaces of lungs and/or other organs. This study details protein profiles in human pleural effusion from 43 lung adenocarcinoma patients by a two-dimensional nano-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2D nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) system. The experimental results revealed the identification of 1415 unique proteins from human pleural effusion. Among these 124 proteins identified with higher confidence levels, some proteins have not been reported in plasma and may represent proteins specifically present in pleural effusion. These proteins are valuable for mass identification of differentially expressed proteins involved in proteomics database and screening biomarker to further study in human lung adenocarcinoma. The significance of the use of proteomics analysis of human pleural fluid for the search of new lung cancer marker proteins, and for their simultaneous display and analysis in patients suffering from lung disorders has been examined.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

Proteomic profiling for cellular responses to different concentrations of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Alkylating agent MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) can induce DNA damages which can lead to chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and cell death. Previous reports from our laboratory have found that low concentration of MNNG can induce nontargeted mutations (NTM) at undamaged bases in DNA, clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interference of EGFR mediated signaling, as well as activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, the cellular responses to MNNG exposure are very complex, and can be triggered by signals originated from different compartments of the exposed cells. To further probe the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular responses to MNNG treatment, and to find potential biomarkers for MNNG induced stress condition, we performed proteomic analysis of whole cellular proteins from human amnion epithelial cells after exposing to MNNG at 3 different doses. More than 80 proteins were affected by MNNG treatment, and 71 proteins among them were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. These proteins take part in a wide variety of cellular processes including regulation of transcription, metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, cell cycle, cell proliferation, signal transduction, transportation, etc. The significance of these proteins in the genesis of MNNG induced cellular defensive response and hazardous effect remains to be elucidated, the results may also give a clue for biomarker search for monitoring the exposure risk of MNNG.

Amnion↗

PubMed2004

Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine.

Urine provides an alternative to blood plasma as a potential source of disease biomarkers. One urinary biomarker already exploited in clinical studies is aquaporin-2. However, it remains a mystery how aquaporin-2 (an integral membrane protein) and other apical transporters are delivered to the urine. Here we address the hypothesis that these proteins reach the urine through the secretion of exosomes [membrane vesicles that originate as internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs)]. Low-density urinary membrane vesicles from normal human subjects were isolated by differential centrifugation. ImmunoGold electron microscopy using antibodies directed to cytoplasmic or anticytoplasmic epitopes revealed that the vesicles are oriented "cytoplasmic-side inward," consistent with the unique orientation of exosomes. The vesicles were small (<100 nm), consistent with studies of MVBs and exosomes from other tissues. Proteomic analysis of urinary vesicles through nanospray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified numerous protein components of MVBs and of the endosomal pathway in general. Full liquid chromatography-tandem MS analysis revealed 295 proteins, including multiple protein products of genes already known to be responsible for renal and systemic diseases, including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Gitelman syndrome, Bartter syndrome, autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, and familial renal hypomagnesemia. The results indicate that exosome isolation may provide an efficient first step in biomarker discovery in urine.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Large-scale proteomics profiling of peripheral blood of DM1 patients identifies biomarkers for disease severity and functional capacity.

BackgroundMyotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1), the most common genetic neuromuscular disorder in adults, poses significant challenges for drug development due to its multisystem nature and high clinical variability in symptoms and disease progression. With a growing number of therapies entering clinical trials, this study addresses the urgent need for biomarkers that can serve as surrogate endpoints.MethodsWe profiled 437 serum samples from adult DM1 patients collected at two timepoints of the OPTIMISTIC trial using bottom-up mass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition. Associations between protein expression, the disease-causing CTG-repeat and 25 clinical outcome measures were studied using linear mixed-effect models. All key study findings were validated in an independent cohort of 69 DM1 patients and 10 healthy controls.ResultsOf the 259 identified proteins, 161 showed significant associations with the CTG-repeat length (FDR < 5%). Hypogammaglobulinemia was confirmed and shown to be worse in severely affected patients. A strong proteomic signature was associated with clinical measures of functional capacity, with the 6-Minute Walk Test showing the strongest signal (70 associations, FDR < 5%). These novel associations reveal a compelling link between chronic inflammation and reduced functional capacity. A machine learning algorithm identified a minimal set of 13 proteins robustly reflecting both the underlying genetic defect and functional capacity.ConclusionsDM1 induces a broad disease fingerprint in the serum proteome, predominantly affecting proteins of the immune system. A carefully selected panel of proteins showed the greatest potential to meet the statistical criteria required for surrogate endpoints in clinical trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Identification of Bacillus anthracis proteins associated with germination and early outgrowth by proteomic profiling of anthrax spores.

The use of anthrax spores as a bioweapon has spurred efforts aimed at identifying key proteins expressed in Bacillus anthracis. Because spore germination and outgrowth occur prior to and are required for disease manifestations, blocking germination and early outgrowth with novel vaccines or inhibitors targeting critical B. anthracis germination and outgrowth-associated factors is a promising strategy in mitigating bioterror. By screening 587 paired protein spots that were isolated from dormant and germinating anthrax spores, respectively, we identified 10 spore proteins with statistically significant germination-associated increases and decreases. It is likely that proteins whose levels change during germination may play key roles in the germination and outgrowth processes, and they should be listed as priority targets for development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against anthrax. The 31 new proteins identified in this study also complement an emerging proteomic database of B. anthracis.

Bacillus anthracis↗

PubMed2026

Plasma proteome profiling identifies XPNPEP3 as a novel biomarker associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To identify plasma protein differences between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of X-prolyl aminopeptidase 3 (XPNPEP3) for identifying MASLD in T2DM patients. METHODS: Twenty T2DM inpatients were categorized into groups with and without MASLD and their plasma samples were analyzed using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. The cohort was then expanded to 84 patients, and plasma XPNPEP3 levels were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation between XPNPEP3 and clinical indicators were evaluated, and diagnostic performance was determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Immunohistochemistry was employed to compare hepatic XPNPEP3 expression between the two groups. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis identified 176 differentially expressed proteins, with XPNPEP3 exhibiting the most significant down-regulation by fold change. In the validation cohort, plasma XPNPEP3 was significantly lower in T2DM+MASLD versus T2DM alone. XPNPEP3 levels were negatively correlated with diabetes duration, liver function markers, and triglyceride levels, and was identified as an independent factor inversely associated with MASLD in T2DM.ROC analysis demonstrated strong diagnostic performance for XPNPEP3, further enhanced when combined with BMI and diabetes duration.  Immunohistochemistry confirmed reduced hepatic XPNPEP3 expression in T2DM+MASLD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lower plasma XPNPEP3 is independently associated with MASLD in T2DM patients and demonstrates strong diagnostic potential, positioning XPNPEP3 as a promising biomarker for diagnosing MASLD in T2DM patients and a novel target for non-invasive diagnostic tool development.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Correlation of clinical data with proteomics profiles in 24 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The development of human cancer is caused by complex molecular perturbations leading to variable clinical behavior often even in single disease entities. To prove that expression profiling on the protein level can be correlated with clinical data we systematically compared in a pilot study the protein expression patterns obtained by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with clinical features in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), a disease characterized by broad clinical variability. Statistical methods were devised to analyze the spot pattern from 24 patient samples. This analysis allowed the identification of proteins that clearly discriminated between the patient groups with defined chromosomal characteristics or whose expression levels did correlate with clinical parameters such as patient survival. This report demonstrates that the correlation of large-scale protein expression profiles with clinical data can be used to gain new insights into molecular aspects of a disease. The data described here show that B-CLL patient populations with shorter survival times exhibit changed levels of redox enzymes, heat shock protein 27 and protein disulfide isomerase. These molecules may be potentially involved in drug resistance.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Proteomic profiling of proteins associated with urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in a colon cancer cell line using an antisense approach.

Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) strongly correlates with a malignant tumour cell phenotype. In the multistep process of metastasis, uPA binding to uPAR influences different cellular functions. In the present study, a highly metastatic colon cancer cell line, HCT116 was transfected with an expression vector containing a 5' uPAR cDNA fragment in an antisense orientation. This construct was most effective in reducing uPAR cell surface expression as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Antisense transfection of HCT116 cells had no effect on proliferation but the following effects were observed: (1) a 1.3-fold decreased adhesion; (2) a two-fold decreased Erk MAP kinase activity; (3) a 2.7-fold decrease in Src kinase activity; (4) a 1.5- and two-fold decrease in uPA cell surface expression and secretion; (5) abrogation of promatrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion; and (6) a complete suppression of plasminogen-dependent matrix degradation. Using proteomic analysis, we demonstrate loss of approximately 200 proteins and quantitative differences in the expression of 141 other proteins in an antisense-clone compared to wild-type and mock-transfected control. Such changes in protein expression with the down-regulation of uPAR may be an important contributor in colon cancer progression and metastasis and may not only provide a basis to develop a proteomic data bank of uPAR-mediated signaling molecules but may also lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for the cure and better management of colon cancer.

5' Untranslated Regions↗

PubMed2006

Urinary proteomic profiles distinguish between active and inactive lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVES: Key aims of the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) are to induce and maintain remission with minimal side effects. However, assessing ongoing renal inflammatory activity is poorly served by current diagnostic tests apart from renal biopsy, but frequent biopsies cannot be justified. Our long-term aim is to identify novel biomarkers from urinary protein profiles to improve diagnosis and monitoring of activity and response to therapy in LN. METHODS: We used surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify biomarkers able to discriminate between urine samples from patients with inactive (n= 49) and active (n= 26) LN. Discriminant function analysis was used to define the minimum number of proteins whose levels best distinguished between the two patient groups. Serial urines of six biopsied patients were studied prospectively, and multiple regression (MR) scores calculated. RESULTS: Proteins with masses of 3340 and 3980 distinguished active from inactive LN with 92% sensitivity and specificity of 92% each. The prospective study of the biopsied patients demonstrated that MR scores could predict both relapse and remission earlier than traditional clinical markers. CONCLUSIONS: SELDI-TOF MS identified potential biomarker profiles strongly associated with activity in LN. Identification of these proteins will allow us to devise specific assays to routinely monitor disease progression, and alter immunosuppressive drug regimens accordingly. These proteins may also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, and could therefore provide targets for therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Proteomic profiling of accessory structures from the mouse sperm flagellum.

The flagellum of a mammalian spermatozoon consists of an axoneme surrounded in distinct regions by accessory structures known as the fibrous sheath, outer dense fibers, and the mitochondrial sheath. Although the characterization of individual proteins has provided clues about the roles of these accessory structures, a more complete understanding of flagellar function requires the identification of all the polypeptides in these assemblies. Epididymal mouse sperm were treated with SDS to dislodge sperm heads and to extract the axoneme and membranous elements. The remaining flagellar accessory structures were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Analysis of proteins from these structures by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and colloidal Coomassie Blue staining showed a highly reproducible pattern of >200 spots. Individual spots were picked, digested with trypsin, and identified by mass spectrometry and peptide microsequencing. Approximately 50 individual proteins were identified that could be assigned to five general categories: 1) proteins previously reported to localize to the accessory structures, e.g. ODF2 in the outer dense fibers, the sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the fibrous sheath, and glutathione peroxidase in the mitochondrial sheath, validating this proteomic approach; 2) proteins that had not been shown to localize to any accessory structure but would be predicted to be present, e.g. glycolytic enzymes; 3) proteins known to be part of the flagellum but not localized to a specific site, e.g. adenylate kinase; 4) proteins not expected to be part of the accessory structures based on their previously reported locations, e.g. tektins; and 5) unknown proteins for which no information is available to make a determination as to location. The unexpected presence of the tektins in the accessory structures of the flagellum was confirmed by both immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis. This proteomic analysis identified a number of unexpected and novel proteins in the accessory structures of the mammalian flagellum.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma proteomic profiling for detecting and differentiating in situ and invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix.

The objective of this study was to identify multiple plasma protein markers that might be characteristic of in situ and invasive cervical cancers. Plasma samples obtained from patients with in situ cervical cancer (carcinoma in situ [CIS], n= 32), from patients with early invasive cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], n= 60), and from age-matched disease-free controls (n= 37) were analyzed by cation-exchange protein chips and surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A classification tree defined by six protein peaks could discriminate 84 of the 92 cancers (CIS and SCC) and 36 of the 37 controls, with 91% sensitivity and 97% specificity. In comparing the CIS and SCC samples, two protein peaks with Mr values of 6586.41 and 3805.68 were able to classify 55 of the 60 SCC and 31 of the 32 CIS samples, with 92% sensitivity and 97% specificity. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of differentiating in situ and invasive cervical cancers through plasma protein profiling. Identification of the proteins different in invasive and in situ cancer may be of great value in the understanding of cervical cancer invasion and in the development of novel therapeutic intervention.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2026

Proteomic profiling identifies systemic drivers of blood-brain barrier injury in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes brain injury and cognitive disability. Systemic inflammation and endothelial injury are central to SCD pathophysiology, yet the relationship between systemic drivers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain injury remains understudied. This cross-sectional study assessed whole-brain and regional BBB permeability (Ktrans) using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for 37 adults with SCD in steady state and 37 adults without SCD. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and white matter mean diffusivity (MD) measured tissue hypoxia and microstructural injury, respectively. The SCD cohort showed elevated Ktrans compared with controls (3.6 × 10-4·min-1 vs 2.58 × 10-4·min-1; 95% confidence interval [CI] median difference, 0.36 × 10-4·min-1 to 1.30 × 10-4·min-1; P< .001), indicating BBB disruption. In SCD, white matter Ktrans was associated with MD (β, 6.25 [95% CI, 1.72-10.77]; P = .008), independent of OEF (β, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.09-0.35]), and silent cerebral infarcts (β, 0.01 [95% CI, 0.00-0.02]). The interaction (P = .037) between Ktrans and OEF on MD suggested a combined, deleterious effect of BBB disruption and hypoxia on microstructural injury. High-throughput plasma proteomics followed by differential expression analysis, and weighted gene correlation network analysis in a subset of 61 participants revealed that 79 proteins associated with BBB permeability belonged to iron homeostasis, response to hypoxia, immune dysregulation, extracellular matrix degradation, lipoprotein homeostasis, and arginine-proline metabolism pathways. All pathways were independently associated with microstructural injury. BBB permeability was a mediator of brain injury for all pathways except extracellular matrix degradation. Targeting specific systemic pathways to protect the BBB may represent a therapeutic approach to preserve brain health in SCD.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Liquid Tissue: proteomic profiling of formalin-fixed tissues.

Identification and quantitation of candidate biomarker proteins in large numbers of individual tissues is required to validate specific proteins, or panels of proteins, for clinical use as diagnostic, prognostic, toxicological, or therapeutic markers. Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an exciting analytical methodology for this purpose. Liquid Tissue MS protein preparation allows researchers to utilize the vast, already existing, collections offormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for the procurement of peptides and the analysis across a variety of MS platforms.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMed2007

The proteomic profile of Fusobacterium nucleatum is regulated by growth pH.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a saccharolytic Gram-negative anaerobic organism believed to play an important role in the microbial succession associated with the development of periodontal disease. Its genome contains niche-specific genes shared with the other inhabitants of dental plaque, which may help to explain its ability to survive and grow in the changing environmental conditions experienced in the gingival sulcus during the transition from health to disease. The pH of the gingival sulcus increases during the development of periodontitis and this is thought to occur by the metabolism of nutrients supplied by gingival crevicular fluid. In comparison with other plaque inhabitants, F. nucleatum has the greatest ability to neutralize acidic environments. The differential expression of soluble cytoplasmic proteins induced by acidic (pH 6.4) or basic (pH 7.4 and 7.8) conditions, during long-term anaerobic growth in a chemostat, was identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image analysis software. Twenty-two proteins, found to have altered expression in response to external pH, were identified by tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry. Eight differentially expressed proteins associated with increased energy (ATP) production via the 2-oxoglutarate and Embden-Meyerhof pathways appeared to be directed towards either cellular biosynthesis or the maintenance of internal homeostasis. Overall, these results represent the first proteomic investigation of F. nucleatum and the identification of gene products which may be important in the organism's persistence during the transition from health to disease in vivo.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed2002

Proteoglycan and proteome profiling of central human pulmonary fibrotic tissue utilizing miniaturized sample preparation: a feasibility study.

The objective of this study was to isolate fibrotic cells from human lung biopsies taken from different central pulmonary locations. A comparison was made of cell morphology, proteoglycan- and protein-expression in mesenchymal cell cultures obtained from human bronchial biopsies from patients with asthmatic-like disorders. We isolated viable cells from 10 out of the 12 biopsies. The fibroblast-like cells were positive for the biomarker a-smooth muscle actin, indicating that the cells were in an activated state. Two different types of fibroblast-like cells were observed from human pulmonary connective tissue; one of contractile type with lamellipodia that facilitate migration and a second cell type with an increased cell size, which most likely is of a synthetic phenotype. This is the first evidence of alterations in the proteoglycan expression pattern of versican, perlecan, biglycan and decorin which can be linked to the pathophysiological state of asthmatics proven by a combination of solid-phase extraction by reversed phase and by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Protein expression analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis was interfaced to miniaturized sample preparation techniques using microcapillary extraction. Four protein groups were identified; cytoskeletal, adhesion, scavenger and metabolic proteins. These patient's proteomes showed a high degree of heterogeneity between patients but larger homogeneity within biopsies derived from different locations of the same patient.

Actins↗