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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Gallbladder wall thickening: MR imaging and pathologic correlation with emphasis on layered pattern.

The aim of this study was to correlate MR findings of gallbladder wall thickening with pathologic findings on the basis of the layered pattern and to evaluate the diagnostic value of MR imaging in gallbladder disease. We retrospectively evaluated the source images of HASTE sequences for MR cholangiography in 144 patients with gallbladder wall thickening. The layered pattern of thickened wall was classified into four patterns. Type 1 shows two layers with a thin hypointense inner layer and thick hyperintense outer layer. Type 2 has two layers of ill-defined margin. Type 3 shows multiple hyperintense cystic spaces in the wall. Type 4 shows diffuse nodular thickening without layering. MR findings of a layered pattern of thickened gallbladder were well correlated with histopathology. Chronic cholecystitis matched to type 1, acute cholecystitis corresponded to type 2, adenomyomatosis showed type 3, and the gallbladder carcinomas showed type 4. All four layered patterns were associated with PPV of 73% or greater, sensitivity of 92% or greater and specificity of 95% or greater. Our results indicate that MR findings of gallbladder wall thickening are characteristic in each entity and correlate well with pathologic findings. The classification of the layered pattern may be valuable for interpreting thickened gallbladder wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Meningioangiomatosis: advanced imaging and pathological study of two cases.

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed2003

Retrospective measurement of different size parameters of non-radiated rectal cancer on MR images and pathology slides and their comparison.

There are no non-invasive methods to assess the real tumor size in rectal cancer prior to surgery, especially following radio/chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging is gaining increasing acceptance as the primary modality at many centers for evaluation of pelvic malignancies including rectal cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the tumor size as assessed by stereological or metric means on MRI correlates to the corresponding pathologic findings. To our knowledge, no such previous work has been reported in the literature. From the Cancer Register Center, 18 patients in the age range of 39-90 years with rectal cancer who had complete preoperative MR with subsequent giant section pathological examinations of the resected bowel were included. The tumor size was measured on MR and histopathologic specimen using both a stereologic and a metric mode. The measured parameters included the maximum transverse area occupied by the tumor, thickness, width, and the length of tumor and the volume of the tumor measured in two different fashions by the product of area and length (al) or the product of thickness, width, and length (twl). The depth of tumor infiltration (T) and presence of local lymph node metastases (N) were also separately evaluated on the histopathologic specimen. There were 1, 4, 12, and 1 patients with tumor stages T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The mean thickness, width, length, area, and volumes, al and twl, were 1.62, 2.8, and 4.78 cm, and 4.72 cm2, 26.29 cm3, and 20.07 cm3, respectively. Regression curves were drawn for above-mentioned parameters. They showed some correlation with square correlation coefficient measuring between 0.38 and 0.82. The best correlation was seen for area (0.75) and volume measured by the product of area and length of the tumor (0.82). With the formula proposed from this material, we assume that rectal tumors can be measured on MR images using a metric model, especially area and the volume (the product of area and length), and then extrapolated to what we would expect from pathology, hence providing us with a tool where we could measure tumor response after neoadjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cortical tubers without other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis: imaging and pathological findings.

There is immense variability in the clinical presentation of tuberous sclerosis and many incomplete forms (formes frustes) exist. To investigate the imaging characteristics of cortical tubers seen in tuberous sclerosis unaccompanied by other stigmata, we reviewed MRI and CT of six patients who met the criteria for a definitive diagnosis of TS, established solely by the presence of a histologically confirmed cortical tuber. Five of the patients had a solitary cortical tuber and the last had three lesions, one of which was resected and confirmed histologically. The other two lesions were included in our study. CT showed five tubers as low density, but three were not identified. No calcified or dense lesions were observed. MRI revealed peripheral components and inner cores of seven cortical tubers in five patients, with differing signal characteristics. The subcortical cores, with T1 and T2 prolongation, were separated from the overlying cortex. Abnormal inhomogeneous high signal was observed in both the cortex and subcortical white matter on proton-density weighted or FLAIR images. A radially orientated white-matter band was observed in one patient, and central depression of the expanded gyri in another. In one patient, a cortical tuber was atypical, with a thick cortex on T1-weighted images and a blurred grey/white matter junction with diffusely increased signal on T2-weighted images. Cortical tubers without other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis are shown to be distinct from focal cortical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Glial cyst of the pineal gland with characteristic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathological findings: report of two cases.

Two cases of glial cyst of the pineal gland are documented. Preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic lesions of the pineal region with contrast enhancement of the walls, suggesting neoplastic lesions rather than true cysts. However, the histopathological examination of the resected specimens revealed the presence of glial tissue and normal structure of pineal gland and capsule, characteristics that were consistent with those of glial cysts of the pineal gland. Headache and visual disturbance were resolved after total removal of the cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral, hypertrophic neuritis of the brachial plexus in a cat: magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings.

A 9-year-old Burmese cat was presented for investigation of a subacute onset of bilateral forelimb paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervico-thoracic vertebral column and brachial plexus revealed a bilaterally symmetrical, severe and diffuse swelling of the spinal nerves forming the caudal part of the brachial plexus. Histopathology of the abnormal nerve roots, spinal nerves and brachial plexi showed inflammatory and marked proliferative changes with similar features to that of hypertrophic neuritis of man. Hypertrophic neuritis in man is a rare, tumor-like, chronic inflammatory peripheral nerve disorder of unknown origin most frequently involving the brachial plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Antemortem diagnosis of Baló concentric sclerosis: correlative MR imaging and pathologic features.

PURPOSE: To report a case of a rare demyelinating disease called Baló concentric sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 32-year-old woman had left hemiparesis that progressed to hemiplegia, hemihypesthesia, and left hemianopsia. Laboratory evaluation was notable only for a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and an elevated level of myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: The antemortem diagnosis was made on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain, which showed numerous areas of concentric demyelination alternating with "spared" white matter. With the exception of a temporary improvement with high-dosage intravenous steroid therapy, the clinical course was monophasic and relentless, leading to death approximately 1 year after the onset of symptoms. Pathologic examination helped confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Because MR imaging shows alternating ringlike lesions involving the deep and superficial white matter, which correspond to pathologic findings, it may play a central role in antemortem diagnosis of this rare disease, leaving more invasive diagnostic procedures for evaluation of equivocal cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck: clinical, pathologic, and imaging evaluation.

Lymphomas are subdivided into HL and NHL and are more specifically classified into subtypes of HL or NHL according to the WHO classification. HLs involve the lymph nodes predominantly and only approximately 5% arise in extranodal sites, whereas 30% of NHLs present in extranodal sites. Imaging studies, including CT and MR imaging, cannot distinguish [figure: see text] HL from NHL, and cannot differentiate their various subtypes, necessitating a pathologic diagnosis. Clinical parameters, however, can be helpful in differentiating the two broad categories of lymphomas, and subtypes of lymphomas have predilections for different sites within the head and neck. HL is most commonly located in the lymph nodes of the neck and mediastinum. Marginal-zone lymphoma has an affinity for the ocular adnexa, salivary glands, larynx, and the thyroid gland. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is commonly encountered in the paranasal sinuses, mandible, maxilla, and Waldeyer ring. Burkitt lymphoma occurs more frequently in children and young adults and frequently affects the maxilla and mandible, with a greater distribution of involvement at a lower frequency. On imaging studies, the lymph nodes of HL and NHL are homogeneous and variable in size, with an average diameter from 2 to 10 cm. They may enhance slightly to moderately, display necrosis before and after treatment, and display calcification post-treatment. NHL in extranodal sites in the head and neck (nasopharynx, Waldeyer ring, oral cavity, and larynx) manifests frequently as a submucosal mass accompanied [figure: see text] by polypoid, bulky masses with a smooth mucosal surface. Clinically aggressive lymphomas, such as Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and NK-/T-cell lymphomas are characterized by destruction of the maxilla, mandible, and bones around the paranasal sinuses, which is indistinguishable from bony destruction in other malignant tumors, such as SCC. Contrast CT is indicated for evaluation of cervical lymph nodes; the chest, including the mediastinum; the pelvic cavity; paranasal sinuses; and orbits. CT is also useful for detection of bone destruction involving the base of the skull, paranasal sinuses, and the mandible or maxilla. MR imaging is preferred for the assessment of extension of lymphomas to different fascial spaces (parapharyngeal, masticator, infratemporal fossa, tongue, and nasopharynx) and for intracranial extension. Lymphomas are isodense to muscle on CT and circumscribed with distinct margins that occasionally display extranodal extension with less-well-defined margins and areas of necrosis within the tumor matrix. Lymphomas appear low in signal intensity on T1-weighted images and low to high in signal intensity on T2-weighted images, with variable, but usually low, enhancement following introduction of Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) contrast material.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Articular cartilage defects of the knee: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and gross pathology.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee articular cartilage is possible owing to the contrast provided by different signal intensities of adjacent menisci and subchondral bone. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of MRI in quantitatively detecting thinning and focal defects of articular cartilage in vivo. High resolution MRI was performed followed by dissection of the knee within one hour of amputations above the knee of eight patients (62-89 years) with peripheral vascular disease. Articular cartilage was examined for erosions, surface irregularities, and appearance. Mean thicknesses of femoral and tibial articular cartilage sagittal sections from MRI were statistically indistinguishable from matched gross thicknesses. In those joints in which cartilage erosions, thinning, or irregularities were detected by MRI the same defects were apparent by gross examination. Cartilage that appeared normal by MRI had a normal gross appearance by gross examination. Thus high resolution MRI can accurately predict gross articular cartilage appearance and thickness, allowing an objective, quantitative, noninvasive assessment of eroded cartilage.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The pseudocapsule in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between dynamic MR imaging and pathology.

Nodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by the presence of a pseudocapsule (constructed usually from connective fibrous tissue) that appears hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) MR imaging sequences without a contrast medium. The presence of vascular structures inside the tumor, which are verified by histological exam, affects enhancement of the PC after administrating the contrast medium: The impregnation is more evident in the dynamic study but also persists on the delayed T1-weighted SE images. The accuracy of MR in detecting the pseudocapsule of HCC and contrast enhancement of the pseudocapsule during dynamic studies were evaluated and related to pathological findings. Thirty-seven HCC were examined in 33 patients and afterwards resected. In capsulated nodules, besides usual hematoxylin, eosin, and trichrome stainings, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were performed. On a 1.5-T MR unit, T1- and T2-weighted SE and GE FLASH 2D sequences after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA (dynamic study) were used. In a later phase, T1-weighted SE sequences were repeated. Histologically, the pseudocapsule (thickness 0.2-6 mm) was present in 26 of 37 nodules (70%). The dynamic study was the most suitable technique to show the pseudocapsule, which was recognized in 80.7% (21 of 26 nodules). In 5 of 26 cases, the pseudocapsule, not demonstrated by MR, was thinner than 0.4 mm. In 16 of 21 cases, in the early portal phase (30-60 s), the pseudocapsule had an early enhancement, which was more evident later; in 5 of 21 cases the enhancement was observed only in the late portal phase (1-2 min). At histological examination, 14 of 16 pseudocapsules with early enhancement showed a more prominent vasculature than those with enhancement in the equilibrium phase. Magnetic resonance was a reliable tool in demonstrating the pseudocapsule of HCC. The histological examination demonstrated a good correlation between the enhancement behavior and the vessel number of the pseudocapsule.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intractable complex partial seizure: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with pathology and electroencephalography.

We prospectively analyzed MR studies of 32 patients with intractable complex partial seizures, who later underwent resection of EEG-proven seizure foci. Twenty-seven patients were imaged at 1.5, 4 at 0.35, and 1 at 0.5 Tesla. Correlation was obtained on all patients with EEG and surgical pathology. Of 19 patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), 13 exhibited an MR abnormality at the site of pathology as determined by EEG and surgery. Abnormalities included increased (8) or decreased (1) signal intensity, distortion of gray-white interface (1) and temporal lobe atrophy (3). Six patients had no abnormalities at the site of the diseased focus. MR was more sensitive in patients with other structural lesions which included tumor, encephalitis, polymicrogyria, cryptic vascular malformation, and tuberous sclerosis. Prior studies indicate some usefulness of MR in intractable seizure patients, but many report relative insensitivity of MR in defining an abnormality (as low as 11%). Our results demonstrate the usefulness of high-resolution thin-section multiplanar MR using cardiac gating or flow compensation techniques in this patient population.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic studies on lateral fluid percussion injury as a model of focal brain injury in rats.

In this study, morphologic changes in brain lesions initiated by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in rats were investigated chronologically using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic methods. Rats were subjected to moderate fluid percussion injury (average 2.80 +/- 0.48 atmospheres) over the exposed dura overlying the right parietal cortex. MRI obtained in vivo were compared with corresponding pathologic findings at 1, 6, and 24 h and at 3, 6, 14 and 80 days after injury. T2-weighted images showed scattered low-signal intensity in the injured cortex within a few hours after injury, whereas histologic findings revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhages. T2-weighted images of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and/or corpus callosum showed a high-signal-intensity area 4 h after injury. The high-signal-intensity area became largest in size between 6 and 24 h, then declined gradually, and almost disappeared 14 days after injury. Histologic examination revealed pyknosis, retraction of the cell body of neurons with vacuolated neuropil in the corresponding regions 6 and 24 h after injury, and cystic necrosis 14 days after injury. The location and extent of these pathologic changes were depicted accurately by MRI in vivo. In the hippocampus, pyknosis and retraction of the cell body of pyramidal neurons were observed on the injured side 24 h after injury, and the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA2-CA3 regions decreased significantly on the same side by 14 days after injury. It is concluded that morphologic changes in the brain following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats are detectable in vivo by high-resolution MRI, and that MRI may be useful for the evaluation of treatment effects in experimental brain injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of spinal bone changes in patients with chronic renal failure by CT and MR imaging with pathologic correlation.

To investigate bone changes in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), bone mineral density (BMD) and T1 relaxation times were measured with CT and MR imaging and the results were correlated to histology. Excised lumbar vertebrae from 25 autopsy cases of CRF (18 males and 7 females), including 12 cases in which the patients had been receiving hemodialysis were examined. BMD and T1 relaxation time values were associated with specific histologic findings for cellularity, trabeculae, and peritrabecular fibrosis. Three vertebrae with low BMD showed increased hematopoietic marrow content, a finding not observed in primary osteoporosis. The vertebrae with osteosclerosis showed prolonged T1 relaxation time, which was due to increased amount of hematopoietic marrow, and the presence of thickened or many small irregular trabeculae or peritrabecular fibrosis. These findings may be useful in the evaluation of bone changes in patients with CRF.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Legal and ethical issues in the use of anonymous images in pathology teaching and research.

The privacy of patients' health information is of paramount importance. However, it is equally important that medical staff and students have access to photographs and video recordings of real patients for training purposes. Where the patient can be identified from such images, his or her consent is clearly required to both obtain the image and to use it in this way. However, the need for consent, both legally and ethically, is much less convincing where the patient cannot, by the very nature of the image, be identified from it. This is the case for many images used in the teaching of clinical medicine, such as videos taken of laparoscopies, images of internal organs and unlabelled X-rays.

Biomedical Research↗