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"Never again" stories of nurses: dilemmas in nursing practice.

The authors describe significant turning points immanent in "never again" stories that practicing nurses, having participated in previously, vowed not to allow to recur during future, similar situations. Nurses submitted written accounts of critical, "never again" situations. The authors used critical incident technique and employed Colaizzi's approach to reveal the essential structure. Patient outcomes were fatal, close calls, dehumanizing, or isolating. Never again stories incorporated ethical dilemmas, deficits in nurses' knowledge, lack of confidence in clinical abilities, and failure to act correctly. Patients' welfare was the center of accounts. Circumstances threatened patients' and family members' trust in nurses and other providers. Patients' wishes were denied because of haste, providers' arrogance, or providers' desire not to be inconvenienced. Nurses' emotions mirrored a sense of failed responsibility for patients. Regret was tempered by nurses' pledges. Critical incidents revealed dilemmas in which nurses' autonomous clinical practice was constrained by feelings of powerlessness.

Ethics, Nursing↗

Trust: an essential component of nursing practice--implications for nurse education.

This paper offers a philosophical analysis of trust and its influence upon nursing practice. The paper begins by examining the meaning of trust, its influence upon health care and upon patients ability to place their trust in health care professionals. Influences upon individuals' capacity for trust are considered, and expectations within relationships are examined. Particular attention is given to that which patients entrust to their nurse, and to expectations where social or contractual trust exists. Obstacles to trust within health care are also considered. The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting is shown to be an example of institutional distrust, rather than a statement about the trustworthiness of nurses. Nurse education is one potential influence upon the formation of trust and distrust relationships within health care. Suggestion is therefore made as to how nurse education might seek to overcome distrust and promote trust between all those who are involved in health care.

Attitude to Health↗

Premature rupture of the fetal membranes. An update for advanced practice nurses.

Advanced practice nurses in obstetric settings are frequently required to diagnose premature rupture of fetal membranes; co-management of care with physicians is becoming more common in many health care facilities. Therefore, Advanced practice nurses must have an in-depth understanding of this potentially severe obstetric complication. This article presents a review of the current literature focusing on the epidemiology, physiology, pathophysiology, prevention measures, subjective and objective assessment, diagnostic tests, and management of premature rupture of membranes. Psychosocial aspects of this event, often upsetting for the family, are also discussed.

Female↗

The Vanderbilt Professional Nursing Practice Program: part 1: Growing and supporting professional nursing practice.

Professional practice programs are designed to attract, retain, and reward nurses. This three-part series will describe Vanderbilt's performance-based career advancement system, the Vanderbilt Professional Nursing Practice Program (VPNPP). Part 1 outlines the overall program's foundation, philosophical background, and basic structure. The VPNPP is built upon Benner's work, distinguishing among four levels of practice: novice, competent, proficient, and expert. Work by many in the organization identified the expected behaviors for nurses at each level, which were then used to develop clear process evaluation criteria. Part 2 will examine the performance measurement and evaluation system created to support the program. The process of advancing within the program will be described in part 3.

Academic Medical Centers↗

[Can contact nurses point the way to competence in practice? Nurses as practice mentors in nursing education].

UNLABELLED: The contact nurse is a central person as a carrier of knowledge and experience in nursing practice, which is important that the student nurse has access to. In order to gain insight into the passage of knowledge between 3 contact nurses and their students, I have carried out a qualitative investigation. METHOD: The method chosen is that of participation, open observation and semi-structured interviews. FINDINGS: While guiding the student, the contact nurse made explicit her way of judging specific nursing situations. She appealed to the use of perceptive insight, and made explicit the complexity in an "everyday situation" in nursing practice. Counselling in patient-situations thus reflects the value of the traditional master-apprentice roles. Professional argumentation delving deeper than more down-to-earth judgements, appears to be absent from the investigation. This shows the importance of a greater degree of reflection in the contact nurse's role as a counsellor.

Clinical Competence↗

Magnet hospital nurses describe control over nursing practice.

Staff nurses describe control over nursing practice (C/NP) as a professional nursing function made up of a variety of activities and outcomes. Greater acclaim, status, and prestige for nursing in the organization are viewed as a result, not a precursor, of C/NP. Interviews with 279 staff nurses working in 14 magnet hospitals indicated that effective C/NP requires some kind of empowered, formal organizational structure, extends beyond clinical decision making at the patient care interface, and is the same as or highly similar to what the literature describes as professional autonomy. From constant comparative analysis of nurses' descriptions of C/NP activities, five ranked categories of this real-life event emerged. The basis for the categories and ranking was "who owned the problem, issue, and solution" and the "degree of effectiveness of control" as reflected in visibility, viability, and recognition of a formal structure allowing and encouraging nurses' control over practice. Hospital mergers and structural reorganization were reported to negatively affect the structure needed for effective C/NP. Almost 60% of these magnet hospital staff nurses stated and/or described little or no C/NP.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗

Penn Macy initiative to advance academic nursing practice.

Academic nursing practice holds great promise for the future of the nursing discipline. The successful and intentional integration of the tripartite mission of research, education, and clinical practice can facilitate both the evolution of the science and implementation of evidence-based practice, while imbuing practitioners in the making with the world of the possible. Although many schools of nursing have been involved in some aspects of academic practice, the lack of common focus and direction has hampered concerted movement. The Penn Macy Initiative was conceived as a vehicle to help build and coalesce the critical mass needed to bridge this gap. The Penn Macy Initiative, its implementation and experience in the first 3 years, and how its alumni fellows, an annual conference, and Web-based consultation will continue to provide impetus, leadership, and resources for academic nursing practice in the years to come are described.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗

The role of the licensed practical nurse and the licensed vocational nurse in the clinical practice of intravenous nursing. The Intravenous Nurses Society.

The Intravenous Nurses Society (INS) believes that the intravenous trained licensed practical nurse and the licensed vocational nurse can aid in the delivery of some aspects of intravenous therapy under the supervision of the registered nurse; however, the registered nurse shall be the primary practitioner in this specialty.

Humans↗

Maintaining quality care during a nursing shortage using licensed practical nurses in acute care.

Implications of an aging registered nurse workforce, coupled with an inadequate supply of new nurses, presented a unique challenge for the nurse executive in an acute care hospital. This article presents one possible solution: reintroduction of licensed practical nurses to the patient care setting. It describes a pilot project initiated to answer the following question: Is there a change in quality of patient care or staff satisfaction when the nursing care delivery system adds a licensed practical nurse to the registered nurse and patient care assistant care pairs? It also describes the driving forces behind this practice change and presents focus group discussions, the implementation process, and conclusions and recommendations.

Acute Disease↗

Utilizing standards of nursing practice for effective school nursing management.

This article describes the relevance of utilizing the Roles and Standards of School Nursing Practice in managing school health services systems effectively. One significant standard described is Program Management. This standard falls under the role of Planner and Coordinator of Client Care. By utilizing standards of practice to build and review school nursing practice, readers will be able to validate their significant role in supporting student success and management of school health programs.

Clinical Competence↗

Negotiating the ethical minefield of psychiatric nursing practice.

Psychiatric nursing practice can be likened to an ethical minefield. Nurses are often in the middle of the minefield and are pushed and pulled by forces, which are sometimes beyond their control. This paper signposts some of the more problematic areas of practice so that nurses may be equipped with at least a broad over-view of the ethical terrain.

Ethics, Nursing↗

Legal issues in neonatal nursing: considerations for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses.

A neonatal nurse is a professional with special training, skill, and knowledge in the care of newborns and their families. The neonatal nurse is accountable to the patient, profession, and employer. Failure of the neonatal nurse to meet these obligations can result in liability in the profession, liability in the employment, a civil suit, or a criminal conviction. Regardless of the health care setting, professional nurses, whether at the bedside or in advanced practice, are morally, ethically, and legally accountable for their nursing judgments and actions. Although most nurses assume they will never be named in a lawsuit, and it is true that few are, their professional actions can be the focus of a suit. An overview of the legal implications found within neonatal nursing practice is presented. Two recent legal cases are presented and discussed to illustrate neonatal nursing and advanced practice liability.

Colorado↗