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BACKGROUND: The development of biosensors, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, enables monitoring of a variety of biospecific interactions without the need for chemical-, biological- or radiological-labelled reagents. METHOD: We utilised SPR to detect hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in reconstituted faecal samples and studied samples from patients with infectious gastroenteritis (n = 20) and normal controls (n = 10). Mouse anti-human HGF monoclonal antibodies and recombinant human HGF receptor (c-Met)/Fc chimera were immobilised in flow cells of a CM5 biosensor chip. RESULTS: We found that infectious gastroenteritis produced a higher signal response compared to controls, due to binding of HGF to monoclonal anti-HGF antibody as well as binding of HGF to c-Met receptor (p < 0.01). The SPR signal response correlated with results from ELISA (r = 72%, p > 0.001). The signal response decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when samples were diluted with dextran, because of reduction in both specific as well as unspecific binding of HGF to dextran. The decrease in the specific response might imply that the dextran- binding site for HGF overlaps with the antibody binding epitope, or that dextran binding induces a conformational change of the HGF molecule. Bands corresponding to HGF were found by gel electrophoresis of purified faeces in an affinity chromatography column immobilised by HGF ligands. CONCLUSION: Determination of HGF by SPR might be beneficial in diagnosis of acute situations that present with symptoms of gastroenteritis and may, possibly, guide appropriate medical treatments. This is to our knowledge the first report on the use of SPR for detection of HGF in faeces samples.
Nucleotide sequences of cytochrome b/tRNA/D-loop region on mitochondrial DNA of mustelids feces were compared to identify species. PCR amplification of target sequence for 47 (24.9%) feces and species identification of five feces (2.6%) out of 189 feces, collected at several study sites in Hokkaido, were successful. Species of three feces were Martes zibellina and those of other two feces were Martes melampus and Mustela itatsi. The low success rate of identification appeared to be due to failure of PCR amplification by inhibitors in feces. It was suggested that the method used in this study was useful for not only identify mustelids species, but also analyzing their genetic relationships.
This study aims to analyze the enteroparasitic occurrence in children from 0 to 12 years old consulted at the University of western Sao Paulo Clinical Laboratory, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil, in relation to the socioeconomic profile of the attended children. Stool samples were examined and a questionnaire was applied with the objective of knowing the patient's age, sex, medical attendance, characteristic of the habitation, provisioning of water, dejection and domestic waste fates, use of footwear and clinical signs. The software EPI INFO 6 (Version 6.04b) was used for the elaboration of the data bank structure and analysis after previous data codification. Among 1,000 children analyzed, as many as 21.3% presented some kind of parasite. The most frequent protozoan was Giardia lamblia (7.3%) followed by Entamoeba coli (3.9%). The most frequent helminth was Enterobius vermicularis (1.9%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (0.5%). The most frequent protozoan association was Giardia lamblia / Entamoeba coli (0.9%).
The study was carried out to identify asymptomatic carriers of V. cholerae O1 in Manacapuru, AM. 1249 feces samples was obtained by rectal swab and cultivated. Had no growth of V. cholerae. On the other hand were isolated and identified: V. furnissii in 12 (0.9%) samples, V. fluvialis in 4 (0.3%) and V. hollisae in 1 (0.1%).
The control of schistosomiasis depends mostly upon the sensitivity of stool examinations. We used both the Kato-Katz technique and the compression of samples between the slide and a polypropylene cover glass, according to Ferreira. Out of 1,282 samples collected between 1998 and 2000 in the Palha District, Municipality of Bananal, São Paulo State, Brazil, 105 (8.2 %) were positive. The first and second methods revealed 90 (7%) and 88 (6.9 %) positive cases, respectively. According to the kappa statistic, both methods were in agreement. In Bananal, the proportion of positive cases and egg per gram (epg) values are low, which calls for the examination of larger than usual volumes of feces. The viability of Schistosoma mansoni eggs can also be checked when using the second method, which dispenses with glycerin solution, measuring plates and sieves. The latter cause a further loss of precision in epg determinations.
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated for the first time in Vietnam. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were isolated from 8 of 100 cows examined. The two strains showing serotype O157:H7 carried the eae, ehxA, and stx2c genes, but the other six were negative for the eae gene.
The morphological diagnosis of intestinal protozoa is a widely accepted method today. A permanent staining method is preferred since it can visualize the morphological details of protozoal cysts and it allows the stool specimens to be reevaluated later. In this study, 2141 stool specimens sent to the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Gazi University Hospital were examined using the trichrome staining method. We determined 181 parasitic organisms in 165 (7.70%) of these 2141 specimens. Helminthic organisms were detected in seven of these samples. Protozoa were found in 174 specimens evaluated with the trichrome staining method. In our study, trichrome staining was found to be 87.93% successful in the identification of intestinal protozoa. In conclusion, it was seen that the trichrome staining method could make a reliable diagnosis possible when used in addition to the direct examination of the stool specimens in the identification of intestinal pathogenic and nonpathogenic protozoa to the species level.
With help of Guizotia creatinine agar (syn. bird seed agar) Cryptococcus (Cr.) neoformans var. neoformans was isolated from 71 (7.7%) of 925 investigated droppings of birds kept within human living area. Cr. neoformans was detected in droppings of 1.2% from 164 psittacines, in droppings of 1.7% from 118 budgerigars and in droppings of 18.4% from (carrier) pigeons. This yeast was not isolated from droppings of 13 small parrots, 10 eclectus parrots, 13 rosellas, 21 cockatiels, 6 Polytelidus sp., 32 Cacatua sp., 13 Carduelis sp., 5 waxbills, 5 starlings, 120 chicken, 9 turkeys, 2 geese, 2 Turdus sp., 1 duck and 1 gull.
100 faeces samples of cattle were investigated in comparison to a recent commercially available Salmonella Rapid Test (OXOID) and a cultural standard method (non-selective enrichment in buffered peptone water, selective enrichment in RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS-medium) for presence of Salmonella. The Salmonella Rapid Test showed in positive results an accuracy ("sensitivity") of 94.7% and in negative results an assurance ("specificity") of 97.5% and is therefore suitable for rapid detection (within 2 days) of faeces sample of cattle with Salmonella.
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