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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Chromosomal location and molecular marker of resistance gene to Puccinia striiformis west. in Leymus mollis Trin. Hara].

The hybrid wheat line, 93784 is a stable line selected from progenies of Leymus molli Trin. Hara x common wheat, which shows a very high level of resistance to yellow rust. The results of GISH using genomic DNA of Leymus mollis as probe indicated that the 93784 was a wheat-Leymus mollis small segment translocation line, and the translocated alien chromosome fragment were located on a pair of short arm terminals of what chromosomes. Using this translocation line, we established F2 segregation population and identified its yellow rust resistance in adult stage. Genetic analysis suggested that the yellow rust resistance of 93784 was controlled by a single gene. The gene was located on the translocated chromosome segments of Leymus mollis. We called it YrLm. By AFLP analysis with Taq I (T1-T4)/Pst I (P1-P6) primes in individuals of F2 segregation population and their susceptive and resistant parents, we screened a molecular marker that linked to yellow rust resistance gene YrLm. We also cloned and sequenced the molecular marker. The length of the marker is 205 bp, named P1T(3)205.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Genetic characterization of asymmetric somatic hybrids between Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd and Triticum aestivum L.: potential application to the study of the wheat genome.

In this paper, we describe how Bupleurum scorzonerifolium/Triticum aestivum asymmetric somatic hybrids can be exploited to study the wheat genome. Protoplasts of B. scorzonerifolium Willd were irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV) and fused with protoplasts of common wheat (T. aestivum L.). All cell clones were similar in appearance to those of B. scorzonerifolium, while the regenerated plantlets were either intermediate or B. scorzonerifolium-like. Genotypic screening using isozymes showed that 39.3% of cell clones formed were hybrid. Some of the hybrid cell clones grew vigorously, and differentiated green leaves, shoots or plantlets. DNA marker analysis of the hybrids demonstrated that wheat DNA was integrated into the nuclear genomes of B. scorzonerifolium and in situ karyotyping cells revealed that a few wheat chromosome fragments had been introgressed into B. scorzonerifolium. The average wheat SSR retention frequency of the RH panel was 20.50%, but was only 6.67% in fusions with a non-irradiated donor. B. scorzonerifolium chromosomes and wheat SSR fragments in most asymmetric hybrid cell lines remained stable over a period of 2.5-3.5 years. We suggest the UV-induced asymmetric somatic hybrids between B. scorzonerifolium Willd and T. aestivum L. have the potential for use in the construction of an RH map of the wheat genome.

Bupleurum↗
PubMed2026

Large-Scale Genomic Analysis of Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Germplasm Using Multi-Environment Trial Data.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a significant disease affecting global wheat crops and causing substantial economic losses. This study aimed to identify effective resistance genes by evaluating 120 common wheat accessions from diverse regions in China. These samples were tested with three Pst races at the seedling stage and with natural Pst inoculum at four field locations in three crop seasons. Genotypic data were collected through a Wheat55K iSelect single-nucleotide polymorphism array. The genome-wide association study identified 17 distinct loci linked to stripe rust response, accounting for 1.07 to 30.58% of the phenotypic variation across trials. These loci were distributed among three wheat genome groups: 2 in Group A, 10 in Group B, and 5 in Group D. Among these, eight loci overlapped with the reported stripe rust resistance genes or quantitative trait loci, while nine loci were novel and mainly distributed on chromosomes 2A, 6B, and 7D. This research enhances the understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying wheat stripe rust resistance and provides valuable germplasm resources for breeding new cultivars with enhanced disease resilience.

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici↗
PubMed2002

[Study of the backcross progeny of barley-wheat hybrids by the RAPD and RAMPO methods].

The genomes of alloplasmic wheat lines were analyzed by PCR-based methods: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO). Lines L-16(1) and L-17(2) were obtained by three backcrosses and line L-79(10), by four backcrosses of the barely-wheat hybrid Hordeum vulgare (2n = 14) (variety Nepolegayuschii) x Triticum aestivum (2n = 42) (variety Saratovskaya 29) with different common wheat varieties. These lines proved to be euploid (2n = 42). The aneuploid line L-9 (2n = 43 + t) was obtained after a second backcross of the hybrid H. geniculatum All. (2n = 28) x T. aestivum (2n = 42) (Pyrotrix 28) with the variety Pyrotrix 28. The RAPD patterns of L-16(1) and L-17(1) contained fragments present only in the patterns of the parental wheat varieties and, in addition, fragments absent from the latter. This fragment from the pattern of L-16(1) was cloned. Analysis of its primary structure showed that the difference between L-16(1) and the parental wheat genotypes may be related to a mutation that had occurred during the development of the alloplasmic line at the binding site of an arbitrary primer. The genomes of plants of the lines L-79(10) and L-9 contain, in addition to the RAPD fragments of wheat, those characteristic of barley. RAMPO revealed higher polymorphism level among wheat varieties than that detected by RAPD. The hybridization patterns of the lines L-16(1), L-17(1), and L-79(10) contained fragments specific for wheat, and the patterns of L-9 contained both wheat and barley fragments.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Production of waxy (amylose-free) wheats.

The Waxy (Wx) protein has been identified as granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; EC 24.1.21), which is involved in amylose synthesis in plants. Although common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has three Wx proteins, "partial waxy mutants" lacking one or two of the three proteins have been found. Using such partial waxy mutants, tetra- and hexaploid waxy mutants with endosperms that are stained red-brown by iodine were produced. Both mutants showed loss of Wx protein and amylose. This is the first demonstration of genetic modification of wheat starch.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed2001

5-azacytidine induces chromosomal breakage in the root tips of wheat carrying the cuckoo chromosome 4S(L) from Aegilops sharonensis.

The cuckoo chromosome 4S(L) from Aegilops sharonensis is preferentially transmitted when introduced by hybridization into common wheat, Triticum aestivum. Gametocidal (Gc) factors carried in 4S(L) induce chromosome breakage in meiospores not containing them, ensuring their transmission to the progeny. Chromosome breakage and break-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles can also be observed during early embryo sac development of chromosome 4S(L) addition lines to wheat, often leading to the presence of dicentric chromosomes in the subsequent progeny. However, the process responsible for inducing the primary chromosomal breaks only appears to occur during the initial divisions of the embryo and endosperm. In the presence of chromosome 4S(L), treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine induces chromosome breakage in root tips. This suggests that the process of chromosome fragmentation, induced by the Gc factors during early seed development, is repressed at later stages by DNA methylation.

Anaphase↗
PubMed2025

Development of PCR-based markers for the identification of wheat HMW glutenin subunit alleles at the GLU-A1 and GLU-D1 loci.

The allelic variations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit locus in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) markedly influence grain end-use quality. GLU-A1, GLU-B1, and GLU-D1, which encode high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. However, existing markers for distinguishing alleles at the GLU-A1 and GLU-D1 are limited with regard to both number and resolution. In the present study, we enhanced the utility of PCR-based allele detection by developing seven new agarose gel-based markers capable of differentiating four Glu-A1x, four Glu-D1x, and two Glu-D1y alleles. These new markers, in combination with previously published PCR markers, were used to successfully identify the Glu-A1 × 1, Glu-A1 x 2*, Glu-A1 x 2.1*, and Glu-A1x-null alleles and the Glu-D1 x 5, Glu-D1 x 2, Glu-D1 x 2.1, and Glu-D1 x 2.2 alleles across 25 wheat resources. Additionally, we developed a novel marker that enables us to distinguish between the Glu-D1y10 and Glu-D1y12 alleles more clearly than conventional markers. These improved PCR markers represent a reliable and efficient tool for detecting allelic variations at the GLU-A1 and GLU-D1 loci. They are expected to serve as valuable resources for marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted backcrossing aimed at improving the processing quality of wheat.

Triticum↗
PubMed2005

Identification of quantitative trait loci for race-nonspecific resistance to tan spot in wheat.

Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas throughout the world. Multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis on differential wheat lines. In this research, we evaluated a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the common wheat varieties Grandin and BR34 for reaction to tan spot caused by Ptr races 1-3 and 5. Composite interval mapping revealed QTLs on the short arm of chromosome 1B and the long arm of chromosome 3B that were significantly associated with resistance to all four races. The effects of the two QTLs varied for the different races. The 1B QTL explained from 13% to 29% of the phenotypic variation, whereas the 3B QTL explained from 13% to 41% of the variation. Additional minor QTLs were detected but not associated with resistance to all races. The host-selective toxin Ptr ToxA, which is produced by races 1 and 2, was not a significant factor in the development of disease in this population. The race-nonspecific resistance derived from BR34 may take precedence over the gene-for-gene interaction known to be associated with the wheat-Ptr system.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of the rbcS multigene family in wheat: subfamily classification, determination of chromosomal location and evolutionary analysis.

To elucidate the evolution of a multigene family in plants, nucleotide sequences of members of the rbcS multigene family encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in wheat were determined. Five genomic clones containing rbcS sequences were isolated. The known members of the rbcS family of common wheat, including the clones reported here, were categorized into two Classes (I and II), which, in turn, were classified into three (A, B and E) and two (C and D) subtypes, respectively. The sequences of the intron and the 3' flanking region were divergent between the classes but not among the types within a class. The differences among the types within a class were caused by large indels (about 100-350 bp) in the intron. The members of Classes I and II were located on homeologous group 2 and 5 chromosomes, respectively. The Southern hybridization data indicated that all types of rbcS were present in the ancestral species of wheat. Thus, it is concluded that the divergence between the classes originated from an interchromosomal duplication and that several intrachromosomal duplications followed; these events occurred before the speciation of diploids. The detection of nonfunctional genes and the elimination of fragments suggests that several mechanisms were involved in reducing the copy number of rbcS during the evolution of wheat.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

A cold-responsive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene wcor14 identified in a winter-hardy cultivar 'Mironovska 808'.

A cDNA library was constructed from a cold-acclimated winter-hardy common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Mironovska 808'. Using this library and a cold- and light-responsive barley cDNA clone cor14b as a probe, cDNAs of a homologous wheat gene wcor14 were isolated. Two identical cDNAs designated as wcor14a had an open reading frame encoding an acidic (pI = 4.71) and hydrophobic polypeptide with 140 amino acids (MW = 13.5 kDa). The deduced WCOR14a polypeptide showed 70% identity with the barley chloroplast-imported COR14b and had a nearly identical N-terminal, putative chloroplast transit peptide of 51 amino acid residues. Another cDNA clone wcor14b was assumed to encode a polypeptide WCORb which had 5 substitutions and a frame shift in the C-terminal region as compared with WCOR14a. RACE PCR, genomic PCR and Southern blot analyses suggested that wcor14 and its related sequences constitute a small multigene family with and without an intron in the hexaploid wheat genome. Northern blot analysis showed that transcripts of wcor14 accumulated within 3-6 hours of cold acclimation at 4 degrees C and the level reached a maximum at day 3. The transcripts became non-detectable within 3 hours after de-acclimation at room temperature. Contrary to the barley cor14b, a similar level of wcor14 transcripts was detected under the continuous darkness. Neither treatment with NaCl, ABA nor dehydration induced its expression. Based on these results we conclude that wcor14 is a wheat orthologue of the barley cor14b and specifically induced by low temperature.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative analysis of genetic diversity revealed by genomic-sSR, EST-SSR and pedigree in wheat (Triticum asetivum L.)].

Two SSR molecular markers, genomic-SSR and EST (expressed sequence tagged)-SSR, were used to measure the genetic diversity among 18 accessions of common wheat with known pedigrees, which were collected from winter wheat production region in Northern China. In addtion, the genetic diversity revealed by pedigree, EST-SSR and genomic-SSR was also compared. The results showed that the average number of alleles per genomic-SSR locus is 3.34, which is higher than that of EST-SSR (2.31), indicating that genomic-SSR is more polymorphic than EST-SSR. Genomic-SSR and EST-SSR were used to calculate the genetic distance (GD) in different materials. The mean GD value of EST-SSR for the 18 wheat genotypes is 0.3996,which is lower than that of genomic-SSR (0.5458). At the locus level, the mean GD calculated using pedigree information is higher (0. 9716) than that of genomic-SSR and EST-SSR markers (0.5458 and 0.3996). Therefore, although polymorphism of EST-SSR is low as compared to genomic SSR,it provides a more accurate evaluation of genetic relationship, especially when accessions are very closely related in pedigree. The strategy for improving the genetic diversity of wheat was also discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrCH42 in Chinese wheat cultivar Chuanmai 42 and its allelism with Yr24 and Yr26.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to map a stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese wheat cultivar Chuanmai 42 using molecular markers and to investigate its allelism with Yr24 and Yr26. A total of 787 F2 plants and 186 F3 lines derived from a cross between resistant cultivar Chuanmai 42 and susceptible line Taichung 29 were used for resistance gene tagging. Also 197 F2 plants from the cross Chuanmai 42xYr24/3*Avocet S and 726 F2 plants from Chuanmai 42xYr26/3*Avocet S were employed for allelic test of the resistance genes. In all, 819 pairs of wheat SSR primers were used to test the two parents, as well as resistant and susceptible bulks. Subsequently, nine polymorphic markers were employed for genotyping the F2 and F3 populations. Results indicated that the stripe rust resistance in Chuanmai 42 was conferred by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated YrCH42, located close to the centromere of chromosome 1B and flanked by nine SSR markers Xwmc626, Xgwm273, Xgwm11, Xgwm18, Xbarc137, Xbarc187, Xgwm498, Xbarc240 and Xwmc216. The resistance gene was closely linked to Xgwm498 and Xbarc187 with genetic distances of 1.6 and 2.3 cM, respectively. The seedling tests with 26 PST isolates and allelic tests indicated that YrCH42, Yr24 and Yr26 are likely to be the same gene.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

Agropyron elongatum chromatin localization on the wheat chromosomes in an introgression line.

The introgressed small-chromosome segment of Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Neviski (Thinopyrum ponticum Podp.) in F5 line II-1-3 of somatic hybrid between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and A. elongatum was localized by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and karyotype data. Karyotype analysis offered basic data of arm ratios and relative lengths of 21 pairs of chromosomes in parent wheat Jinan177 and hybrid II-1-3. Using special high repetitive sequences pSc119.2 and pAs1 for FISH, the entire B- and D-genome chromosomes were detected. The FISH pattern of hybrid II-1-3 was the same as that of parent wheat. GISH using whole genomic DNA from A. elongatum as probe determined the alien chromatin. Sequential GISH and FISH, in combination with some of the karyotype data, localized the small chromosome segments of A. elongatum on the specific sites of wheat chromosomes 2AL, 1BL, 5BS, 1DL, 2DL and 6DS. FISH with probe OPF-03(1296) from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) detected E-genome chromatin of A. elongatum, which existed in all of the small chromosome segments introgressed. Microsatellite primers characteristic for the chromosome arms above were used to check the localization and reveal the genetic identity. These methods are complementary and provide comprehensive information about the genomic constitution of the hybrid. The relationship between hybrid traits and alien chromatin was discussed.

Agropyron↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting aneuploidy in wheat using disomic and ditelosomic wheat-rye addition lines.

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was used to study changes in nuclear DNA content induced by the addition of complete or telosomic rye chromosomes into the genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The DNA content of each addition line was determined by comparison with an internal reference value and was expressed as a difference with respect to the original wheat parental line. A 1.84% difference in the DNA content could be detected. Nuclei were flow sorted and the presence of rye chromatin in the nuclei with the higher DNA content was demonstrated by Southern hybridization. Flow cytometry was proven to be sensitive enough to detect the small DNA content deviations that are expected to occur in aneuploid plants of wheat.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2003

[RAPD-based analysis of introgression of barley genetic material into the genome of alloplasmic wheat lines (Hordeum geniculatum All./ Triticum aestivum L.)].

Genomes of three alloplasmic wheat lines obtained on the basis of barley--wheat hybrid Horderum geniculatum All. (2n = 28) x Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42)(Pyrotrix 28) were examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Line L-29 was obtained after first backcross of the initial hybrid with the wheat variety Pyrotrix 28 and ten subsequent self-pollinating generations. This line was represented by euploid plants with typical to the common wheat chromosome number (2n = 42), as well as by aneuploids, which contained an additional telocentric chromosome in the main karyotype (2n = 42 + t). Lines L-26 and L-27 were obtained by two backcrosses of one BC1 plant with the wheat variety Novosibirskaya 67 and one subsequent self-polination of one BC3 plant. Chromosome number in all these plants corresponded to 2n = 40 + 4t. RAPD analysis was carried out using seven primers, which were previously proved to be effective for identification of the barley genome fragments within hybrid genomes of alloplasmic lines. The presence of barley genome fragments in line L-29 was revealed by use of five primers, while in lines L-26 and L-27 these fragments were detected by use of one primer. The significant difference in the number of barley RAPD fragments in the genomes of alloplasmic lines obtained at different backcrossing stages suggests more intense displacement of barley genome during backcrossing compared to self-pollination in BC1 plants.

Chimera↗
PubMed2003

Cloning and characterization of two full-length cDNAs, TaGA1 and TaGA2, encoding G-protein alpha subunits expressed differentially in wheat genome.

In the present study, we identified and characterized two cDNAs, named TaGA1 and TaGA2, encoding alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins synthesized from one-week-old seedling mRNAs of common wheat cv. S615 using RACE PCR and RT-PCR methods. The clone TaGA1 contained an open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 383 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 51.3 kDa, whereas the clone TaGA2 contained an open reading frame encoding 390 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52.5 kDa. At the amino acid level, both cDNAs (TaGA1 and TaGA2) showed 70-96% and 30-40% homologies to plant and animal G-protein alpha (G alpha) subunits, respectively, and 97.7% homology to each other. The regions essential for binding to GTP were conserved among all G alpha subunits in higher plants and mammals examined. However, the C-terminal amino acid sequences of TaGA1 and TaGA2 were similar to those of cereal G alpha subunits (rice and barley) but were different from the analogous sequences of mammalian G alpha subunits as well as from those of the leguminous and Solanaeceous G alpha subunits. Southern analysis revealed that the hexaploid wheat genome contained three major copies of G alpha subunit gene with a few less homologous copies. The analysis of the expression for G alpha subunit genes in wheat showed that both TaGA1 and TaGA2 mRNAs were abundant in one-week-old seedlings, immature seeds harvested one-week after anthesis, young spikes and internodes, indicating constitutive expression patterns in all of the organs tested. Especially, young spikes and internodes exhibited increased levels of mRNA accumulation, suggesting that G alpha subunit gene is highly expressed in actively elongating and fast growing tissues. Moreover, both TaGA1 and TaGA2 showed genome-specific expressions in wheat and may participate in the light-regulated growth and development of the seedlings.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Proteome analysis of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat: towards understanding genome interaction in protein expression.

Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is derived from a complex hybridization procedure involving three diploid species carrying the A, B and D genomes. The proteome patterns of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were analyzed to explore the genome interaction in protein expression. At least two species from each of the diploid and tetraploid were used to compare their proteome maps with a hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring. The ancestral cultivars were selected based on their history of closeness with the cultivated wheat. Proteins were extracted from seed flour and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with isoelectric focusing of pH range from 4-10. 2-DE maps of cultivated and ancestral species were analyzed by computer assisted image analyzer. The region of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of hexaploid wheat showed similarity with those of the diploid donors, BB and DD genomes. The omega gliadin, which is controlled by B genome in common wheat, was assumed to have evolved as a result of interaction between AA and BB genomes. The low molecular weight glutenins and alpha and beta gliadin regions were contributed by the three genomes. This result suggests that the function of donor genomes particularly in the expression of proteins in hexaploid wheat is not totally independent; rather it is the product of interactions among the diploid genomes in the hexaploid nuclear constitutions. The expression of nonstorage proteins was affected substantially due to the removal of the D genome from hexaploid constitution. Location of the structural gene controlling one of the alpha amylase inhibitor proteins in the nonstorage protein region was identified in the short arm of chromosome 3D.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2000

[The effect of extracts from Rhododendron aureum Georgi and Artemisia yacutica drod. on wheat root meristem cells division].

A study was made of the action of extracts from two Yakutian plant species in the course of mitosis in the rootlet meristemic tissue in germs of the local variety of common wheat. The examined extracts contain a large amount of biologically active substances and colchicine-like compounds causing (at certain dilutions) the increase in mitotic activity of the meristemic tissue in wheat germs, with simultaneous augmentation of the number of abnormal cells in mitosis, which well compares with the action of 0.01% colchicine solution.

Artemisia↗