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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

HLA-B POT: a new HLA-antigen within the B7-cross reactive group.

In this report, a new HLA-B locus antigen is described (tentatively called POT). The antigen has been identified with antisera against the antigens that belong to the B7-cross reacting group. In a collaborative study, based on exchange of cells and sera, it was confirmed by population and family studies that the antigen is distinct from B7, Bw42 or Bw73 and is associated with Bw6. In absorption experiments with EBV-transformed cell lines, the POT-antigens removes preferentially anti-B7, Bw42 and Bw73 activity and to a lesser extent antibodies reactive with the B40 CREG-antigens.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Institute of Medicine "Chasm" report: implications for depression collaborative care models.

The Institute of Medicine report "Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health Care System for the 21st Century" describes the barriers in the American health care system to improving quality of care and outcomes of chronic illness. This article describes how depression collaborative care models as well as newer research aimed at organizational and economic issues have addressed these barriers in order to improve outcomes for patients with depression in primary care systems.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1978

Cooperative cross-linking between two sets of membrane receptors: a model for B and T lymphocyte collaboration in immune response.

A molecular mechanism for B and T lymphocyte collaboration is proposed. Two sets of polivalent receptors, each one on a cell type, would interact with different epitopes of the antigen, resulting in a cross-linking of the receptors as the initial step in B lymphocyte activation. The mechanism can explain many known featrues of humoral immune response and accords with experimental findings on the blast transformation of B lymphocytes.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1995

[Exposure to passive smoking of hospital employees and attitude to smoking at workplaces in 1992].

The aim of the study was to investigate exposure to passive smoking at work and the attitudes towards smoking at work among Danish hospital employees. It was carried out as a cross-sectional questionnaire study in collaboration with Bispebjerg Hospital and Tobaksskaderådet, to which 3154 (84%) employees responded. Results showed that 40% of the employees were exposed to passive smoking at work. Fifty-seven percent of the non-smokers and 14% of the smokers had symptoms associated with exposure to tobacco smoke. Every third employee complained of headache, coughing, eye irritation or breathlessness, and most were worried about the possible long term impact on health of passive smoking. In conclusion, surprisingly many employees are unwillingly exposed to the effects of passive smoking during working hours. Rules on smoking restriction are needed at the Danish health institutions to ensure the right to work in an environment free of tobacco smoke.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Academic cardiac surgery in Croatia: perspective through eyes of an international collaborator.

Academic medicine has reached a cross-road around the world. The explosion of technology, new medicines and techniques, instant international communications and globalization, coupled with countries needs to reduce spiraling health care costs has lead to a questioning of the need for academic centers as they have existed in the past. Death from cardiovascular diseases continues to be among the leading causes of death around the world and so academic cardiac surgery will have to accept and master the challenges that it now faces if it is to survive and thrive in the future. Cardiac surgery in Croatia has a unique opportunity now to model itself after successful programs in Europe and the United States, which have not only survived in this new milieu, but serve as new models for academic cardiac surgery.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1995

[Smoking habits among hospital employees in 1992].

The aim of the study was to investigate the smoking habits of employees of a Danish hospital on the basis of a questionnaire given in October 1992 and compare the results with two similar previous studies of smoking habits among the Danish population (1991) and physicians and nurses (1989). It was performed as a cross-sectional questionnaire study in collaboration with Bispebjerg Hospital and Tobaksskaderådet. Three thousand one hundred and fifty-four (84%) employees responded. The results showed that 37% of male and 33% of female employees were daily smokers. The prevalence of smokers and the distribution of smoking habits according to social class of the employees were equal to the general population except for male physicians and female nurses where the prevalence of smokers was lower than the corresponding social classes. Female doctors smoked as much as class I from the population study. Twenty-two percent of male and 17% of female employees smoked 15 cigarettes a day or more (heavy smokers). Eighty-seven percent of the smokers smoked at work, and one-third smoked more than five cigarettes on each workday. It is concluded that the smoking habits of Danish hospital employees correspond to the smoking habits of the general population. Rules on smoking restriction in Danish hospitals are needed. The smoking habits of female doctors calls for attention.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Deciduous tooth crown size in prematurely born children.

AIM: The purpose of our study was to examine deciduous tooth crown size in preterm children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects consisted of 328 prematurely born (< 37 gestational weeks) white and black children and 1804 controls, who participated in the cross-sectional study of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (USA) in the 1960s and 1970s. Documents of the present research consisted of dental casts of the 6-12 years old children. Tooth crown measurements on canines and molars were performed on the dental casts with an electronic measuring device according to precise definitions generally quoted in the anthropological and genetic literature. For the results, the preterm and control groups were divided by sex and race. RESULTS: There were both increased and decreased mesiodistal and labiolingual tooth crown dimensions in prematurely born children, but no significant differences between the study groups was found. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present research suggest that short gestation is not associated with reduced deciduous tooth crown size as suggested by earlier studies and are parallel with our previous results of permanent tooth crown dimensions in prematurely born children. Boys showed clearly larger tooth crown sizes than girls within all preterm and control groups. This indicates that sexual dimorphism is apparent in its final form beginning some months after birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between sleep and secretion of gonadotropin and ovarian hormones in women with normal cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To monitor gonadotropin and ovarian hormone levels in relation to sleep duration in normally cycling women. DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Multicentric collaborative study. PATIENT(S): One hundred six healthy and normally cycling women, aged 19 to 44 years, with cycle lengths of 24 to 34 days. INTERVENTION(S): Follow-up during one to four consecutive cycles with daily urine collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Urine concentrations of LH, FSH, estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3-G), and pregnanediol-3-alpha-glucuronide (Pd-3alpha-G). Ultrasound determination of day of ovulation and estimation of sleep duration. RESULT(S): We found a significant association between FSH levels and sleep duration (P=.008). Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were 20% higher in long-time sleepers than in short-time sleepers. This association persisted whatever the age or the body mass index. There was no significant association between belonging to any group and LH, E1-3-G, or Pd-3alpha-G levels. CONCLUSION(S): Our results suggest that sleep duration could be related to FSH levels, although the study design did not allow us to establish a causal relationship nor to explain the physiological basis of the observed relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Maternal and fetal levels of methionine and homocysteine in early human pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate methionine metabolism during normal human embryonic development by measuring levels of methionine and total homocysteine in samples of maternal serum, extra-embryonic coelomic fluid, and amniotic fluid. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Collaboration between St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and the University Hospital of Nijmegen in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three women with uncomplicated pregnancies between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation before surgical termination of an ultrasonographically normal fetus. METHODS: Maternal serum samples were collected prior to surgery. Samples of extra-embryonic fluid and amniotic fluids were obtained by transvaginal ultrasound-guided coelocentesis and amniocentesis. Methionine was measured using an amino acid analyser and total homocysteine by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Levels of methionine were four times higher in extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and twice as high in amniotic fluid compared with maternal serum. In contrast, the total homocysteine concentrations were much lower in both extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and amniotic fluid than in maternal serum. All differences were significant (P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comparatively high concentrations of methionine in extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and amniotic fluid, and the concomitant low levels of total homocysteine in these fluids, suggest a role for methionine metabolism during early human pregnancy.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed2006

The relationship between parental socio-economic status and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents: findings from a cross-national survey.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral factors such as (excessive) alcohol consumption play a major role in the explanation of social inequalities in health. The unequal distribution of health risk behaviors among socio-economic groups has important consequences for both the current and future health status of the younger generation. However, little is known about socio-economic differences in unhealthy lifestyles during adolescence. The purpose of the present study is to investigate socio-economic differences in adolescent drinking behaviour among 11-15 year old adolescents in Europe and North America. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study 2001/02, a cross-national survey conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The present analysis is based on 69249 male and 73619 female students from 28 countries. The effect of parental occupation and family affluence on episodes of drunkenness was assessed using separate logistic regression models controlling for age. RESULTS: Socio-economic circumstances of the family had only a limited effect on repeated drunkenness in adolescence. For girls only in one out of 28 countries a significant association between family affluence and repeated drunkenness was observed, while boys from low and/or medium affluent families in nine countries faced a lower risk of drunkenness than boys from more affluent families. Regarding parental occupation, significant differences in episodes of drunkenness were found in nine countries for boys and in six countries for girls. Compared to family affluence, which was positively related to risk of drunkenness, a decreasing occupational status predicted an increasing risk of drunkenness. This pattern was identified within a number of countries, most noticeably for boys. CONCLUSION: Parental socio-economic status is only of limited importance for episodes of drunkenness in early adolescence, and this very limited role seems to apply for girls more than for boys and for parental occupation more than family affluence. For future studies it might be important to look at the effects of socio-economic status within the context of other peer, family and school related factors in order to assess to what extent those factors might mediate the effects of social class background.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sagittal occlusal relationships and asymmetry in prematurely born children.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of pre-term birth on sagittal occlusal relationships. The subjects were 328 prematurely born white and black children and 1804 control children who participated in the cross-sectional study of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (USA) in the early 1960s and 1970s. Dental examinations, including dental casts and photographs, were performed at the age of 6-12 years. The sagittal occlusion of the permanent molars and the canine relationship was recorded by examining and measuring the hard stone casts. The pre-term and comparison groups were divided by sex and race. A significantly greater prevalence of pre-normal canine relationships was found in the pre-term group than in the controls (P < 0.001). The incidence of a bilateral symmetrical canine relationship was 60.3 per cent in both the pre-term and control groups, but in the pre-term group the girls had better symmetry than the boys. Asymmetry occurred significantly more often on the left side (P < 0.001), especially in the control boys, but this was not so clear in the pre-term group. The prevalence of mesial molar occlusion was greater in the pre-term group. These results suggest that premature birth and the consequent exceptional adaptation from intra- to extra-uterine nutrition may influence dental occlusal development. This emphasizes the importance of early functional activity and differences in masticatory muscle activity and the largely unknown phenomenon of early catch-up growth. Individual differences in neonatal factors, in the need for intubation and other medical care are also of importance. Pre-term birth may also interfere with the development of symmetry and lateralization.

Black People↗
PubMed2001

Permanent tooth crown dimensions in prematurely born children.

AIM: The aim was to examine the effect of preterm birth on permanent tooth crown dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data consisted of 328 prematurely born white and black children and 1804 control children who participated in the cross-sectional study of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (USA) in the early 1960s and 1970s. The dental examinations were carried out in a standardized fashion at ages varying from 6 to 12 years in 95% of cases. Tooth crown size measurements were performed on the dental casts with an electronic measuring device and readout by two experienced observers according to precise definitions generally quoted in the anthropological and genetic literature. The preterm and control groups were divided by sex and race. RESULTS: The results show both increased and decreased tooth crown dimensions in the prematurely born children. Significantly increased dimensions were found in the means of the intercuspal distances of the first permanent molars in the white boys and in the mesiodistal dimensions (MD) of the lower lateral incisors and the upper left first molar in the black girls. By contrast, there were decreased intercuspal distances, MD and labiolingual (LL) tooth crown dimensions in the white girls and black boys. The statistical method used was the Mann-Whitney's U-test (Willcoxon Rank-Sums test). CONCLUSIONS: The findings partly support previous reports of decreased tooth crown dimensions in preterm infants, but the increased dimensions found in the preterm white boys and black girls differ from earlier reports. Our results indicate the importance of environmental factors including neonatal factors in determining permanent tooth crown dimensions. Growth patterns, the buffering capacity and the timing of sensitive moments in tooth crown volume gain may vary between the sexes and ethnic groups and the possible effect of the accelerated growth period in preterm infants (catch-up growth) may influence the determination of permanent tooth crown dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of a reporting system for bacterial contamination of blood components in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The transfusion of blood components contaminated with bacteria may have serious clinical consequences, but few data are available on the incidence of these events. A national effort to assess the frequency of blood component bacterial contamination associated with transfusion reaction (the BaCon Study) was initiated to better estimate their occurrence. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard reporting criteria, data collection forms, and a standardized reporting protocol were developed in collaboration with the American Red Cross, AABB, and the Department of Defense. Episodes reported to the BaCon Study were compared with those reported to the FDA's national reporting systems to estimate the extent to which all serious reactions associated with bacterial contamination were captured. RESULTS: During the first 2 years, 38 episodes meeting study criteria were reported; 21 were laboratory-confirmed. The estimated proportion of episodes reported to the BaCon Study (i.e., completeness of coverage) was lower than that reported to the FDA during the same period (0.33 vs. 0.68), but the positive predictive value was higher (0.66 vs.0.28). CONCLUSION: Despite the complexity of obtaining reports from a large number of United States hospitals and transfusion centers, the feasibility and usefulness of the BaCon Study were shown. This study was the only national study in the United States to monitor adverse clinical events associated with bacterial contamination of blood components. By building on hospital-based reporting of transfusion-related adverse events, the BaCon Study serves as a model for the study of other complications associated with blood and blood components.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2004

A transdisciplinary approach to adolescent forensic mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To examine new strategies which may be implemented to address the significant mental health and substance abuse problems of young people within the juvenile justice system. METHOD: Wide-ranging literature review of mental health problems within the juvenile justice population is given, illustrating the high prevalence of mental health problems within this cohort of young people. Reference is made to the differing demographics and agendas of the American justice system compared to that found in Australia. RESULTS: It is suggested that new initiatives stemming from quality Australian studies are required in order to facilitate reform within adolescent forensic mental health. Psychiatrists need to be at the forefront of innovative policy delivery within the juvenile justice system. CONCLUSIONS: A transdisciplinary approach is required to meet the changing needs of young people within the juvenile justice system. Such a system of care recognizes that these young people and their families have multiple needs that cross traditional boundaries and a collaborative approach across agencies is essential at both the policy and practical level. Psychiatrists have an important role to play in the development of these services. A systemic process to address such needs is offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

An evidence-based approach to improving care of patients with heart failure across the continuum.

A coordinated initiative for patients with heart failure was planned and implemented across this healthcare system to: (1) incorporate best evidence-based practice to rapidly stabilize the patient, and (2) establish early, coordinated patient education to promote self-care at home with the support of appropriate resources. Length of stay, readmission frequency, ACE inhibitor and beta blocker prescribing patterns at discharge were the outcomes selected for ongoing study and cross-site efforts toward improvement. These outcomes did improve following cross-site implementation with the collaboration of all appropriate disciplines and the coordination of new and existing services to serve this population.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Nanotechnology: Emerging Developments and Early Detection of Cancer. A two-day workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 30-31 2001, on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Campus, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

A recent meeting jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) brought together researchers active in nanotechnology and cancer molecular biology to discuss and evaluate the interface between disciplines. Emerging areas where nanotechnologies may impact cancer prevention and early cancer detection were elaborated by key researchers who catalyzed interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at fostering cross-discipline communications and future collaboration.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Fetal alcohol syndrome: an assessment of the field.

Fetal exposure to alcohol is the major known cause of mental retardation in the Western world. For more than half of the 20th century, the placenta was widely believed to be an effective barrier against environmental agents. The discovery that offspring of pregnant women who were exposed to German measles or administered thalidomide were often malformed raised awareness that teratogens could be any environmental agent, including viruses and drugs, that caused abnormal development. Alcohol was not identified as a teratogen until the 1970s. Fetal exposure to alcohol can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is characterized by specific physical traits and central nervous system dysfunctions. The development of animal model systems has facilitated our study of the effects of fetal alcohol exposure and the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced abnormal development. Despite our current understanding of the effects of fetal alcohol exposure, the occurrence of FAS and associated fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is still widespread and the associated health-care costs are staggering. This symposium provides an up-to-date analysis of fetal exposure to alcohol and FAS. It is directed not only to investigators working in the field but to a diverse group of scientists working in the biological and biomedical fields to stimulate cross-disciplinary awareness, interest, and collaboration.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2005

Physiological proteomics: cells, organs, biological fluids, and biomarkers.

Proteomic research is accelerating rapidly because of marked advances in protein labeling techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and bioinformatics. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is being used effectively in conjunction with liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-ToF MS) and database search software to quantify relative changes in the levels of proteins in two samples. It is now possible in a single study to identify and quantify large numbers of proteins and their posttranslational modifications in different biological samples. Comparisons can be made between groups of animals in different physiological states or in response to experimental treatment. Differences between normal individuals and those in disease states can form the foundation for elucidation of causative factors of disease and the identification of biomarkers for the diseased state. This symposium includes original research that compares the erythrocyte plasma membrane proteome in the normal and the sickle cell state, evaluates the anterior pituitary gland proteome in the ovariectomized rat in response to estrogen, and assesses proteomic methodology employed to identify potentially useful biomarkers in human cells and fluids for clinical medicine. It is directed not only to investigators working in these fields but also to a diverse group of scientists working in the biological and biomedical fields to stimulate cross-disciplinary awareness, interest, and collaboration.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗