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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Effects of carbamazepine and zonisamide on acetylcholine levels in rat striatum].

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and zonisamide (ZNS) on acetylcholine (ACh) release and ACh metabolism in rat striatum were investigated. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were also determined in vitro. CBZ and ZNS did not inhibit either type of AChE or BChE activity. Acute administration of CBZ (25 mg/kg) and ZNS (20 mg/kg) increased ACh release as well as ACh metabolism, while CBZ (100 mg/kg) and ZNS (100 mg/kg) inhibited ACh release and metabolism. Chronic administration of CBZ and ZNS showed the same effects on ACh metabolism. These results indicate that effective doses of CBZ and ZNS enhance ACh turnover and extracellular levels of ACh, while toxic doses of CBZ and ZNS (100 mg/kg) decrease them without affecting cholinesterase activity. The effects of CBZ and ZNS on ACh levels may, at least partly, explain the antiepileptic and mood stabilizing effects of these drugs.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

A solvent used for antiepileptic drugs increases serum and brain zonisamide concentrations in seizure-susceptible el mice.

Effects of a solvent mixture commonly used to dissolve antiepileptic drugs on the anticonvulsive effect as well as serum and brain concentrations of zonisamide (ZNS), a sulfonamide derivative, were investigated. The solvent mixture consisted of propylene glycol (PG, 40%) and ethanol (10.5%) in saline (PES). Intraperitoneal administration of ZNS at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg dissolved in PES suppressed seizures in the EL strain of mice more effectively than the same doses of ZNS in saline. Serum and brain concentrations of the drug were significantly higher with PES than with saline as the vehicle for administration. At a dose of 75 mg/kg ip, both serum and brain ZNS concentrations in mice treated with ZNS in PES remained significantly higher than concentrations in mice treated with ZNS in saline from 1 to 6 hours after injection. PES mixtures including PG may not be suitable solvents for antiepileptic drugs in experiments investigating anticonvulsive effects.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Language Disturbances as Side Effects of Topiramate and Zonisamide Therapy.

Reversible side effects of two sulfa-containing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), topiramate (TPM) and zonisamide (ZNS), are reported. These effects differ from those of other AEDs in that language impairment was the predominant cognitive complaint. Information was available for 42 patients exposed to TPM. Twenty-two (52%) complained of adverse effects; 12, specifically of deficits in language-related functions. Brief neuropsychological testing in four patients on TPM confirmed verbal deficits. These deficits could appear shortly after initiating TPM and disappear variably after drug withdrawal. Similar complaints were seen in a pilot study of ZNS monotherapy, administered in supratherapeutic doses, confirmed by neuropsychological testing. TPM and ZNS both contain a sulfa moiety, suggesting that verbal processing is especially sensitive to these sulfa-containing AEDs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Zonisamide effective for weight loss in women.

Zonisamide (Zonegran), in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet (deficit of 500 kcal/d), resulted in an additional mean 5-kg (11-pound) weight loss compared with diet alone. This regimen was well-tolerated in obese female patients. Further evaluation of long-term side effects and continued weight loss beyond 32 weeks is needed.

Comment↗