Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vaginal Cancer”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Radiotherapy for gynecologic malignancies.

This review highlights the curative potential of radiation in gynecologic malignancies. The controversies concerning the role of surgery in the management of bulky cervical cancer is discussed. Prognostic factors associated with improved pelvic control with radiation alone are described, particularly the bulk of pelvic disease, which is not accounted for in the current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system. The potential for integration of radiation and chemotherapy into the management of vulvar cancer to improve cosmesis and function as well as to reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence is described. The role of whole abdominal radiation in the management of advanced endometrial and ovarian cancers as well as the role of hyperfractionation to reduce acute morbidity of large abdominal fields is reviewed. Prognostic factors associated with locoregional and distant failure for endometrial cancer are outlined and the new pathologic staging system is critically analyzed. Finally, the treatment of vaginal cancer with radiation alone (external beam plus interstitial-intracavitary radiation) or surgery is reviewed and the prognostic importance of the present modifications to the vaginal staging system are emphasized.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1984

Elective ilioinguinal lymph node irradiation.

Most radiologists accept that modest doses of irradiation (4500-5000 rad/4 1/2-5 weeks) can control subclinical regional lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and adenocarcinomas of the breast. There have been few reports concerning elective irradiation of the ilioinguinal region. Between October 1964 and March 1980, 91 patients whose primary cancers placed the ilioinguinal lymph nodes at risk received elective irradiation at the University of Florida. Included are patients with cancers of the vulva, penis, urethra, anus and lower anal canal, and cervix or vaginal cancers that involved the distal one-third of the vagina. In 81 patients, both inguinal areas were clinically negative; in 10 patients, one inguinal area was positive and the other negative by clinical examination. Tumor doses most commonly used were 4500-5000 rad/5 weeks (180 rad to 200 rad per fraction). With a minimum two-year follow-up, there were only two regional failures in patients whose primaries were controlled; both failures occurred outside of the radiation fields. The single significant complication was a bilateral femoral neck fracture. The inguinal areas of four patients developed mild to moderate fibrosis. One patient with moderate fibrosis had bilateral mild leg edema that was questionably related to irradiation. No other instances of leg or genital edema were noted. Complications were dose-related. The advantages and disadvantages of elective ilioinguinal node irradiation versus elective inguinal lymph node dissection or no elective treatment are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Morphological alterations of basal cells of vaginal epithelium in neonatally oestrogenized mice.

Neonatal oestrogen treatment results in the development of vaginal cancers in the mouse. A morphological sign which probably indicated early invasion of altered vaginal cells into the stroma through gaps in the basal lamina was first seen at 10 months of age in neonatally oestrogenized C57Black mice. Prior to this, a decrease in the numbers of cellular attachment organelles such as half desmosomes and desmosomes was observed by 3 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vaginal malignancy.

Various malignant neoplasms, either primary or secondary, can affect the vagina. The most common primary malignant tumors of the vagina are squamous cell cancers; however, they are among the most uncommon of all primary gynecologic cancers. Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia is being diagnosed with increasing frequency and continues to be a challenging problem. Laser therapy and topical 5-fluorouracil are the preferred treatment methods reported in the current literature. Invasive cancer of the vagina is primarily a disease of the older woman and presents most commonly with abnormal bleeding. Radiotherapy continues to be used as external beam or intracavitary treatment for the majority of women with this problem. Vaginal melanomas are a special group of vaginal neoplasms and appear to have a much poorer prognosis than their vulvar counterparts. It would appear that early diagnosis is the most favorable factor affecting outcome, with treatment modality being secondary.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Pap smear screening after hysterectomy.

Using the Pap smear is an effective means to screen for cervical cancer. This articles discusses the importance of performing a Pap smear of the vagina to detect vaginal cancer or its precursors.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Vagina cancer in a young woman exposed to diethylstilbestrol: case report and literature review].

We analyzed a 20 year-old patient case exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol, as probably predisposed factor in vaginal cancer. The histopathological report of the incisional biopsy was clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma, stage III, widespread to the pelvic wall, with metastasis to regional lymph nodes, and lack of distant metastasis. We decided surgical management: protocolized laparotomy, peritoneal washing, retroperitoneal node biopsies and a radical hysterectomy, Piver III, with two thirds parts of vagina. By poor prognosis we decided to offer an adjuvant management, with systemic chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed2002

Radiosensitivity in Fanconi's anemia patients.

The risks of radiation therapy in patients with Fanconi's anemia who have cancer are not clear. Possible toxicity was reported in six of 14 patients: 1/1 with vaginal cancer, 4/10 with head and neck or esophageal cancer, and 1/3 with oral cancer following bone marrow transplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Radiotherapy for centrally recurrent cervical cancer of the vaginal stump following hysterectomy.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to establish the classification and the treatment modality for recurrent cervical cancer of the vaginal stump after hysterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety patients with centrally recurrent cervical cancer of the vaginal stump following hysterectomy were treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy with or without external irradiation. The intervals between primary surgery and vaginal recurrences varied from 3 months to 36 years. Tumor size of the vaginal stump was determined by bimanual rectovaginal examination at the time of recurrence and was classified into three groups, i.e., small (no palpable tumor), medium (less than 3 cm), and large (3 cm or more). RESULTS: The 10-year survival rates for all patients were 52%. Survival was greatly influenced by the tumor sizes of the vaginal stump. The 10-year survival rates of patients with small, medium, and large size tumors were 72, 48, and 0%, respectively. All patients with large size tumors died within 5 years. Of 90 patients, 75 (83%) were determined by physical examination to be free of tumor on at least one visit within 2 months of the completion of treatment (CR). The remaining 15 patients (17%) had physical findings suggestive of residual tumor (Residual). The overall 10-year survival rate for all patients with CR was 63%, compared with 10% for the patients with Residual (P < 0.0001). The incidences of distant metastases of the patients with or without local failure were 55 and 13%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The patients with local failure had significantly higher incidence of metastases. Most patients with small size tumor were treated with brachytherapy alone, and the survival rates of these patients were not improved by combination with external irradiation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tumor size was a significant prognostic factor for recurrent cervical cancer of the vaginal stump. Patients with small size tumors were recommended to be treated with brachytherapy alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

High dose rate (192)Ir afterloading brachytherapy for cancer of the vagina.

We report results of brachytherapy for carcinoma of the vagina, utilizing a Nucletron high dose rate system for Delclos Vaginal Applicators (cylinder) and Syed Template Applicators (interstitial). The linear quadratic (LQ) model was used to determine the optimum time-dose-fractionation schedules. Interstitial doses were determined at the isodose line that included gross tumour. Cylinder doses were determined either at the vaginal surface (5 cases), at 0.5 cm depth (5 cases), or at 1.0 cm depth (1 case). For the first treatment (n=19), interstitial templates were utilized in 8 patients and vaginal cylinders in 11. 11 patients received second treatments: 6 templates and 5 cylinders. The median dose of external beam radiation (n=15) was 40.0 Gy followed, after a median 23 day interval, by high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) of 4 fractions in 30-42 h; then a median interval gap of 25 days, followed by repeat HDRB. The median total fractionated HDRB dose per patient was 23.0 Gy (range: 6.9 Gy to 40.4 Gy; calculated low dose rate equivalent of 29.8 Gy). Tumour histologies included 14 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas, 2 melanomas, and 1 small cell tumour. Three patients experienced early brachytherapy-related complications (diarrhoea, dysuria and labial dermatitis). Three patients (15.8%) developed serious/late complications including ureteral stenosis, painful vaginal necrosis and small bowel obstruction. The first of these patients received 2 templates, the second a cylinder followed by a template and a cylinder, and the third a single cylinder. The 2 year progression-free survival was 39.3% (median 15.7 months), while the 2 year overall survival was 66.1% (median 29.9 months). (192)Ir afterloading HDRB is a feasible approach to women with vaginal cancer with acceptable toxicity and tumour response. Potential advantages include patient preference, outpatient cost-effectiveness in the case of cylinder technique, and no radiation exposure to hospital personnel. Long-term follow-up is needed to further assess late complications, and larger studies are needed to confirm our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Use of olivomycin in the treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix].

Olivomycin was used locally as 0.2% ointment (20-40 tampons) in 39 cervical cancer cases (I stage--27 patients, II--8, III--1 and IV--2 patients) and in 2 vaginal cancer cases (II stage). There was noted a visual disappearance of the neoplasm in 24 cases, the decrease up to 1/3 of initial tumor dimensions in 11 cases, up to 1/2-2/3--in 5 cases. There was no effect in one case of cervix adenocarcinoma. An extended extirpation of the uterus with its adnexa was carried out after the treatment in 36 cases, in 13 of which no histological signs of tumor were found. Two patients are being under observation, because they refused the operation in view of the complete disappearance of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Vaginal cuff recurrence of endometrial cancer treated by laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has been suggested as an alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) for the treatment of early endometrial cancer. Although studies have reported good results with equivalent rates of recurrence and survival, the need for use of intrauterine manipulators during the LAVH raises the concern for operative dissemination of tumor cells. CASES: We report three patients with stage I, noninvasive or superficially invasive endometrial cancer with vaginal cuff recurrence within 9 months of treatment by LAVH. CONCLUSION: While LAVH may be a technically acceptable alternative to TAH for the management of early-stage endometrial cancer, its routine use should be undertaken with caution, as the long-term risks for recurrence and survival have yet to be defined in a randomized, controlled fashion.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Primary carcinoma and precancerous lesions of the vagina--the diagnostic difficulties].

A retrospective morphological research is made on material from vagina for a three years period of time. The results from 93 studied cases are divided in 3 groups: 1. Re-occurrences in vagina--52; 2. Vaginal cancer and VAIN--11; 3. Non-malignant lesions--30. The diagnostic difficulties are discussed making parallel between primary vaginal neoplasia, the so-called lower genital tract neoplastic syndrome and postirradiation dysplasia.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

FIGO stage, histology, histologic grade, age and race as prognostic factors in determining survival for cancers of the female gynecological system: an analysis of 1973-87 SEER cases of cancers of the endometrium, cervix, ovary, vulva, and vagina.

The prognostic impact of FIGO stage, histology, histologic grade, age and race in survival for cancers of the female gynecological (cervix, endometrium, ovary, vulva, vagina) were examined using cases obtained from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program that were diagnosed between 1973 and 1987. Utilizing Cox proportional hazards modeling and relative survival rates analysis of 17,119 cases of cervical cancer indicated that the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histology, histological grade, lymph node status, and age at diagnosis were all independently prognostic. No evidence was found of survival differences between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Younger women were not found to have a poorer prognosis, survival declined with increased age. Analysis of 41,120 cases of endometrial cancer indicated that FIGO stage, histology, histologic grade, lymph node status, age at diagnostic, and race were all prognostic factors. Clear cell adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and mixed mullerian tumors were all found to have poorer prognosis. Analysis of 21,240 cases of ovarian cancer indicated that FIGO stage, histology, histologic grade, lymph node status, age at diagnosis, presence of ascites, and race were all prognostically significant. Analysis of 2,575 cases of vulvar cancer indicated that FIGO stage, histology, histologic grade, age, and race were all prognostically significant. Analysis of 916 cases of vaginal cancer indicated that FIGO stage, histologic grade, lymph node status, and age are all prognostically significant. Additional analysis of the data by combinations of independent prognostic factors indicates that the interaction of factors may be more predictive of outcome than any one factor separately.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina: a report of 32 cases.

Between 1982 and 1992, 32 patients with squamous cell vaginal cancer were treated. Fourteen patients had stage I, 11 stage II, two stage III and five stage IV disease. The mean age of stage I and II patients was 64, of stage III and IV patients 73. Six patients were pessary-bearing, two had a total procidentia, eight had been treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), one for cervical cancer and one for vulvar cancer 5-21 years before diagnosis. One patient had had external irradiation for endometrial cancer 15 years before. Nine patients had no follow-up examinations after treatment for CIN, for vulvar cancer or after insertion of a pessary. In 14 patients doctors' or patients' delays were considerable. Most patients presented with vaginal discharge or bleeding, and urinary symptoms. Various treatment modalities were used. The selected patients who could be treated by surgery did best. Only patients with a stage I tumor or a stage II tumor with a diameter of at most 30 mm survived. Tumor stage and tumor diameter were the important prognostic factors. No patient died of disease after 33 months. Failure in obtaining local control was the usual cause of death. Recommendations for prevention or early diagnosis are formulated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

[The necessity of preventive gynecological studies in the aged].

According to epidemiological data the majority of the old women suffers from mammary cancer or gynecological malignoma. In cervical uterine cancers this ratio reaches more than 30% and in uterine body, ovarial and breast cancers more than 60%. Thus, it is significantly clear, that gynecological preventive medical examinations are so important. For cervical cancer cytology and for breast cancer mammography and thermography are valuable and satisfactory methods. Because of the lack of a practicable preventive examination method for corpus cancer and ovarial carcinoma it is evident, that regular clinical investigations are of vital importance in this field. Vulva and vaginal cancers are to be mentioned as real old women's neoplastic disease, because it starts mostly between 7th and 9th decade of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Statutes of limitations: the special problem of DES suits.

In 1971, medical studies determined that DES causes a rare type of vaginal cancer in a small number of daughters of mothers who took DES during pregnancy. Subsequently, medical studies determined that exposure to DES can cause other vaginal abnormalities in the daughters, some of which may be precancerous. As a result of these discoveries, many lawsuits have been filed by these daughters against DES manufacturers. Many DES suits may be barred by statutes of limitations, both because the number of years between the daughters' exposure to DES in utero and the discovery that DES can cause injuries exceeds the statutory period, and because the cancer or other injuries caused by DES may not develop for many additional years. This Note discusses two methods that DES plaintiffs may be able to use to overcome the potential statutes of limitations bar: the discovery rule, and state provisions which toll the statute of limitations for minors. The Note contends that courts should apply an expanded discovery rule to DES suits to avoid the unfair result of barring a claim before the plaintiff could have known that she had a cause of action. In addition, the Note argues that the injury which causes the statute of limitations to begin to run in DES suits should not be rigidly defined. Finally, the Note urges that courts allow eligible DES plaintiffs to take advantage of applicable state provisions that toll the statute of limitations for minors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: a multisite case-control study.

The association between a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and cancer was examined in a large multisite case-control study based on interviews of 8220 white males and 6690 white females aged 30-89 who were admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1957 and 1965 for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A prior history of diabetes mellitus as diagnosed by a physician was examined as a risk factor for cancer by conducting sex- and site-specific comparisons with a common control group of 2363 white males and 2475 white females who were admitted to the same hospital during the same years, but were found not to have cancer. The findings are consistent with previous studies which have shown diabetes to be a risk factor for cancer of the uterine corpus. A positive association was also noted between diabetes and cancer of the vulva and vagina. The evidence for excess estrogen levels as the underlying mechanism for increased risk of uterine and vulvo-vaginal cancer is reviewed. No consistent association between diabetes and pancreatic cancer was observed in this study, except when those cases in which diabetes was diagnosed within a year before the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were included. This suggests that diabetes may be an early presenting sign of pancreatic cancer rather than a risk factor. A positive association between prior diagnosis of diabetes was noted for kidney cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer in females only. No association between type of treatment (i.e. insulin, oral agents) and cancer risk was noted.

Adult↗