Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VACCINATION COMPLICATIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The early use of yellow fever virus strain 17D for vaccine production in Brazil--a review.

The use of yellow fever (YF) virus 17D strain for vaccine production adapted in Brazil since its introduction in 1937 was reviewed. This was possible due to the availability of official records of vaccine production. The retrieved data highlight the simultaneous use of several serially passaged 17D substrain viruses for both inocula and vaccine preparation that allowed uninterrupted production. Substitution of these substrain viruses became possible with the experience gained during quality control and human vaccination. Post-vaccinal complications in humans and the failure of some viruses in quality control tests (neurovirulence for monkeys) indicated that variables needed to be reduced during vaccine production, leading to the development of the seed lot system. The 17DD substrain, still used today, was the most frequently used substrain and the most reliable in terms of safety and efficacy. For this reason, it is possible to derive an infectious cDNA clone of this substrain combined with production in cell culture that could be used to direct the expression of heterologous antigens and lead to the development of new live vaccines.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1979

[Participation of vaccinia virus in the pathogenesis of different clinical forms of postvaccinal complications. I. Frequency of vaccinia virus detection in the vaccinted who have usual and complicated reactions to vaccination].

The virological examination of 1365 samples taken from 469 children vaccinated against smallpox revealed considerable differences in the frequency and the time of vaccinia virus detection in different clinical forms of postvaccinal pathology as compared with uncomplicated vaccinal process. During the postvaccinal period taking its normal course vaccinia virus was isolated from 7.3% of children only from the pharynx till day 8 following vaccination. In generalized and creeping vaccinia the virus was isolated from 71.4% of children, in postvaccinal encephalitis from 57.1% of children, in vaccinal angina frove-mentioned complications vaccinia virus was detected in the samples obtained from the patients till days 24, 35, 15 and 24 respectively. The etiopathogenetic role of vaccinia virus in a number of postvaccinal complications is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Osteitis of the humerus following BCG vaccination.

A 22-month-old Saudi child developed a granulomatous lesion of the left humerus following BCG vaccination in the overlying deltoid area 15 days after birth. The clinical picture, investigations and the histopathology reports are presented. The literature regarding BCG vaccine complications and their frequency is reviewed.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Smallpox vaccination (author's transl)].

The Author examines the reasons that have led to the discontinuance of the routine vaccination against smallpox in Italy. The epidemiology of smallpox and deaths from vaccination complications observed in Italy during the period 1952-1972 are examined.

Encephalitis↗
PubMed1985

Rubella in teenagers: epidemiology and prophylaxis in Siena, Italy.

Six hundred and fifty-three teenagers (aged 11-13 year) living in Siena and its surroundings (Tuscany, Italy) were the sample for serological screening intended to ascertain immunity to rubella. It was found that 324 of the teenagers (49.62%) lacked antibodies and, hence, were unprotected against the infection. Out of the 324 girls, 196 (around 3/5) were vaccinated using live vaccine. Post-vaccinal complications, with clinical signs of rubella infection, were recorded in almost one third of the vaccinees. Virus isolation from the blood was, in every case, not possible after either 10 or 30 days from vaccination. The serological findings, expressed in hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, could be summarized in the following way: (i) antibodies at low titre were found in only eight out of 184 girls (4.35%) ten days after vaccination; (ii) serological conversion was recorded in 187 out of 188 girls (99.47%) 30 days after vaccination; (iii) the titres were moderately high but much lower than those recorded for the natural infection. The results are discussed in the context of their implications for the strategies of rubella vaccination as far as the safety and the effectiveness of the vaccine are concerned, with emphasis on the duration of the protective immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of efficacy and economic impact of an influenza vaccination campaign in the personnel of a health care setting].

INTRODUCTION: Although vaccination against influenza is a well-established practice among the elderly in rest homes, in community-dwelling elderly people and in persons with underlying medical conditions associated with a high risk of complications, vaccination of workers is not always considered cost-effective, even though influenza is high on the list of diseases of public health importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the cost-benefit ratio of an influenza vaccination campaign in health care workers (HCW) of a teaching hospital. METHODS: A group of 423 HCW vaccinated against influenza during the 2002-2003 winter season was compared with a group of subjects not vaccinated, matched for sex and working area. The following outcomes were considered: (i) prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI); (ii) days of absence from work due to ILL The cost-benefit ratio was calculated with a model using the following indices. indirect benefits (IB), indirect non medical costs (IC) and direct costs (DC). RESULTS: The prevalence of ILI in the non vaccinated group (102 cases out of 423 subjects, 24%) was significantly increased (p < 0.001) compared with vaccinated subjects (64 cases out of 423, 15%). Working days lost for ILI were 516 in the non-vaccinated group versus 315 reported in the vaccinated group. Economic impact evaluation showed a cost of Euro 35,786.88 in vaccinees and of Euro 57,759.52 in the non-vaccinees. The resulting IB was Euro 21,078.64. The DC and IC for vaccination were Euro 2,463.29 and Euro 2,172.53 respectively. The overall cost-benefit ratio (IB/DC+IC) was 4.5. DISCUSSION: The study shows that the influenza vaccination campaign was effective in preventing the influenza syndrome in HCW The economic impact assessment shows a cost-saving with an important cost-benefit ratio. This study suggests that a continuous effort should be recommended to increase the compliance of HCW with vaccination practice both to reduce their chance of becoming infected and for the economic benefits for healthy working adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rubella vaccine in postpubertal women. Experience in Western Washington State.

Nearly two thousand nonimmune, postpubertal females given rubella vaccine in western Washington state in 1970 to 1974 were followed up for acute reactions, inadvertent pregnancy onset, and (776 women) seroresponse. Low-level prevaccination immunity appears to explain most of the apparent vaccine failure (11.6%). The 27 vaccine-complicated pregnancies identified resulted in 17 apparently normal infants (nine from nonimmune mothers). The remaining ten were terminated by abortion (four in nonimmune women), but no abortus yielded rubella virus. Frequency of post-vaccination complaints (largely joint-related) varied with age (higher in those over 25 years), with vaccine (higher after HPV-77-DE-5 than after Cendehill strain virus), with stage of menstrual cycle when vaccine was given, and with method of contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Anticipating smallpox and monkeypox outbreaks: complications of the smallpox vaccine.

BACKGROUND: The recent outbreak in the Midwest of monkeypox, as well as the continued fears of a terrorist-induced epidemic of smallpox, prompted the authors' review of the literature regarding past and current experiences with smallpox vaccination. The smallpox vaccine, which is highly effective in preventing the spread of both these orthopoxvirus infectious illnesses, might be administered to numerous health care workers and, in the event of a smallpox attack, millions of other citizens. However, vaccinees would be at risk for several vaccine-related neurologic complications. REVIEW SUMMARY: According to prior reports, neurologic complications have occurred in 2.5 per million US individuals, with the most common being postvaccinal encephalomyelitis (PVEM). In older children and adults, PVEM causes stupor and coma, seizures, paraparesis, and other neurologic and mental abnormalities, and, in 16% of cases, permanent neurologic sequelae. The overall mortality rate of neurologic complications is approximately 1.5 per million vaccinees. Risk factors for PVEM were age younger than 1 year and no previous smallpox vaccination, but not a prior episode of PVEM or other preexisting neurologic illnesses. Neither the current smallpox vaccination campaigns in Israel nor the one in the United States has had comparable complications, but the US campaign has been associated with myocarditis and myopericarditis. CONCLUSION: Although the potential neurologic complications of the smallpox vaccine must be weighed against the threat of monkeypox and smallpox, current experience with vaccination suggests it carries a very low risk of neurologic complications and does not lead to exacerbations of chronic neurologic illnesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[BCG vaccination].

Given especially to children, BCG vaccine has a protective effect against severe forms of tuberculosis in 70 to 80% of the subjects. It has a modest epidemiological effect since socioeconomic and sanitary conditions as well as human immunodeficiency virus infection influence disease spread. The precise mechanisms and the duration of BCG protection remains poorly defined. Vaccine complications in HIV positive subjects appear minimal compared with expectations. The tuberculosis irradication policy is defined in each country depending on the annual risk of infection. The threshold of 0.01% (0.03% in France) would justify BCG vaccination of exposed persons alone. Today there is renewed interest in research concerning BCG, 70 years after its first introduction for clinical use.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK pilin suggests a main-chain-dominated mode of receptor binding.

Fibers of pilin monomers (pili) form the dominant adhesin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and they play an important role in infections by this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. Blocking adhesion is therefore a target for vaccine development. The receptor-binding site is located in a C-terminal disulphide-bonded loop of each pilin monomer, but functional binding sites are displayed only at the tip of the pilus. A factor complicating vaccination is that different bacterial strains produce distinct, and sometimes highly divergent, pilin variants. It is surprising that all strains still appear to bind a common receptor, asialo-GM1. Here, we present the 1.63 A crystal structure of pilin from P. aeruginosa strain PAK. The structure shows that the proposed receptor-binding site is formed by two beta-turns that create a surface dominated by main-chain atoms. Receptor specificity could therefore be maintained, whilst allowing side-chain variation, if the main-chain conformation is conserved. The location of the binding site relative to the proposed packing of the pilus fiber raises new issues and suggests that the current fiber model may have to be reconsidered. Finally, the structure of the C-terminal disulphide-bonded loop will provide the template for the structure-based design of a consensus sequence vaccine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal relationship modeling: DTP or DT immunizations and infantile spasms.

The time relationship between DTP immunization and infantile spasms (IS) onset was examined using three models--association, temporal shift, and no-effect--and the case/control data from the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES). Infantile spasms cases classified as being previously abnormal (e.g., tuberous sclerosis complex patients) showed a no-effect relationship, whereas those classified as previously normal suggested a fit to the temporal shift model, i.e. no increase in number of cases but a shortening of time to onset of seizure. No data fit the association model. Analyses for vaccine complications should examine for temporal changes (i.e. temporal shift) in addition to increased risks.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

[Neural complications after diphtheria vaccination and inoculations with diphtheria toxoid-mixed vaccines. Observations on their etiopathogenesis].

In five children neural complications occurred following diphtheria immunization. In two cases, damage was related to the injection (vaccination-induced poliomyelitis), in three cases it could be traced back to a hyperergic reaction to diphtheria toxoid on the cerebral vessels. The latter complication is typical of individuals being immunized against diphtheria. Such complications are extremely rare; by no means can they question the value of active immunization against diphtheria.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Complement 3d: from molecular adjuvant to target of immune escape mechanisms.

C3d is a fragment of the complement factor C3 and is generated in the course of complement activation. When bound to antigen in single or multiple copies, the B cell receptor and complement receptor 2 become co-crosslinked resulting in decreased or increased B cell responses depending on the valence of the antigen-C3d construct. When antigen-C3d constructs are used for the purpose of generating a protective immune response (vaccines), they may either enhance the expected response or suppress it depending on the nature of the antigen. Various pathogens use C3d to evade the immune system by inhibiting complement activation, invading and homing in host cells or masking immunogenic areas of pathogen proteins. Therefore, future vaccination strategies for infectious diseases and cancer employing C3d as a molecular adjuvant need to be carefully evaluated before choosing a target antigen in order to take advantage of the adjuvant effect of the complement component while avoiding potential vaccine complications associated with immune escape mechanisms.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2005

Importance of catch-up vaccination: experience from a varicella outbreak, Maine, 2002-2003.

OBJECTIVE: During December 2002 to January 2003, a varicella outbreak occurred in an elementary school in Maine. Just 1 month before detecting the outbreak, Maine implemented varicella vaccine requirements for child care but did not require vaccination for school entry. We investigated this outbreak to examine reasons for its occurrence, including vaccine failure. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all students' parents to determine student disease status, medical conditions, and vaccination status, which was further confirmed by review of medical records. Parental reporting of chickenpox/varicella that occurred since September 1, 2002, in a student who attended the school was used to define a case. Parents of cases were interviewed by telephone about disease characteristics. Disease severity was classified on the basis of the number of skin lesions and the occurrence of complications. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by comparing varicella attack rates for any disease, for moderate to severe disease, and for severe disease among vaccinated and unvaccinated students. RESULTS: We obtained complete information for 296 (81%) of 364 students. Varicella vaccine coverage was 74% overall and decreased by grade, from 90% in kindergarten to 60% in third grade. Attack rates increased significantly from 14% in kindergarten to 37% in third grade. Of the 53 varicella cases, 36 (68%) were unvaccinated, 12 (22%) were vaccinated, and 5 (10%) had previous disease history. Vaccine effectiveness was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79-94%) against disease of any severity, 96% (95% CI: 88-99%) against moderate to severe disease, and 100% (95% CI: undefined) against severe disease. Twenty-two percent of unvaccinated students had severe disease and 1 was hospitalized for a skin infection, whereas none of the vaccinated cases reported severe disease. CONCLUSION: This outbreak was attributable primarily to failure to vaccinate, especially among children in grades 1 through 3. Catch-up vaccination of susceptible older children and adolescents is especially important to prevent accumulation of susceptibility in these groups, in which the natural disease is more severe. School entry requirements will contribute to a more rapid implementation of the existing recommendations for vaccination.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1976

Abnormalities of cellular immune response in arthritis induced by rubella vaccination.

The rubella-specific antibody, activity the levels of immunoglobulins and complement in the serum, the number of T cells, and the nature of cell-mediated immunity as measured by lymphocyte transformation (LTF) of circulating lymphocytes in response to rubella virus and phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 15 children who manifested arthralgia or arthritis after parenteral immunization with HPV-77 DE/5 or RA27/3 live attenuated rubella virus vaccines. Eighteen appropriately matched subjects who developed no post-vaccine complications were included as controls. The immunoglobulins, complement, and rubella antibody levels were similar in all subjects. Although significant rubella specific cell-mediated immunity was detectable in most control subjects, the activity was markedly depressed in subjects with arthritis. The LTF activity in response to PHA was approximately equal in both groups. These findings suggest a selective depression of cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus in subjects with arthritis associated with rubella vaccination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pathogenesis and potential antiviral therapy of complications of smallpox vaccination.

Vaccination against smallpox may result in a variety of complications, ranging in severity from benign to lethal. Universal vaccination was halted in the US in 1972, so almost half the present population has never been vaccinated. Because side effects occur most often in first-time vaccinees, current plans for rapid large-scale vaccination in the event of bioterrorist attack raise concerns about the occurrence of a large number of adverse events. Most complications result from the excessive replication of vaccinia virus, making them potential targets for antiviral therapy. Effective treatment is especially needed for persons with atopic dermatitis or eczema, who are unusually susceptible to the initiation and spread of vaccinia infection because of defects of innate immunity in the skin, and for individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity, who are unable to eliminate vaccinia infection once it has begun. In the past, many complications were treated with vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) and/or the antiviral drug methisazone, but neither was tested in placebo-controlled trials. New antiviral drugs are now available, but have not yet been evaluated for treating vaccinia infections in humans. Both laboratory research and clinical studies are needed to help prevent serious complications in any major vaccination campaign.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term success with the national health objective for influenza vaccination: an institution-wide model.

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effectiveness of an influenza vaccination program. SETTING: 725-bed university-affiliated VA teaching hospital providing care to over 35,000 outpatients. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: 500 randomly selected outpatients were surveyed following each immunization season using a validated, self-administered, postcard questionnaire. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The institution-wide program, designed to function automatically and to be independent of physician initiative, emphasizes organizational and patient-oriented educational strategies: 1) a hospital policy allowing nurses to vaccinate without a physician's order; 2) a walk-in flu shot clinic; 3) reminders on clinic progress notes; and 4) an educational mailing to all outpatients. The program was initiated in 1987 and has been maintained for each subsequent immunization season. RESULTS: The response rate was over 75% for each of the four years in which there were two mailings. The response rate for 1988-1989, in which there were three mailings, was over 85%. Approximately 70% of the respondents were at high risk for influenza and its complications. Vaccination rates for these high-risk outpatients have been sustained at over 58% for each immunization season. The program is well received by the hospital staff and now functions on autopilot each year. CONCLUSION: This highly successful institution-wide influenza vaccination program can be sustained long-term. Elements of this program may help others take advantage of opportunities for influenza prevention.

Aged↗