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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener ZM226600 on cystometric parameters in rats with ligature-intact, partial urethral obstruction.

The activity of a recent K(ATP) channel opener, the N-(4-Phenylsulfonylphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionamide (ZM226600) was investigated on a female rat model of overactive bladder with outlet obstruction. Both ZM226600 and pinacidil instilled into the bladder (10(-7) M, 30 min) or following systemic administration (10, 100 nmol/kg e.v.) almost completely abolished bladder overactivity and improved residual volume and frequency of micturition. However, pinacidil affected arterial pressure. Oxybutynin instilled into the bladder (10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) M, 30 min) decreased detrusor overactivity by about 16%, 25% and 46% respectively, but also blocked micturition reflexes at highest doses tested. Oxybutynin reduced detrusor overactivity by about 50% and 80%, after systemic administration (10, 100 nmol/kg e.v.), but also blocked micturition reflexes at the highest dose tested. In conclusion, ZM226600 is more active than oxybutynin in reducing bladder overactivity, and it is devoid of vascular side effects observed with pinacidil. Its short duration of action (about 1 h) is probably the main problem to solve, in order to consider this compound a valid alternative to antimuscarinics in the therapy of bladder overactivity.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Alterations in afferent pathways from the urinary bladder of the rat in response to partial urethral obstruction.

Afferent pathways from the urinary bladder were examined with axonal tracing techniques in normal female Wistar rats and in those with partial urethral ligation. Following injection of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the bladder wall, HRP was detected in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion cells and in afferent projections to the L6-S1 spinal cord at sites in laminae I, II, V-VII, and X known to receive visceral afferent input. Partial urethral ligation (6 weeks) produced a sixfold increase in bladder weight and altered the morphology of bladder afferent pathways. Changes included an increase in the average cross-sectional area of labelled neuronal profiles in L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia in obstructed (766 +/- 378 microns 2, P less than 0.001) compared to control rats (528 +/- 189 mu 2). The cross-sectional area of the largest profiles also increased by approximately 40%. The mean number of labelled dorsal root ganglion cell profiles was similar in ligated (837 +/- 198) and control (883 +/- 352) groups. When compared to control animals the obstructed animals exhibited a 60% increase in the area of the labelled afferent terminal field in the intermediolateral region of the L6-S1 spinal cord. This increased labelling was even more remarkable given that the volume of tracer per bladder weight injected into the hypertrophied bladder was 87% less than controls. These results provide evidence that bladder afferents project to regions of the spinal cord known to regulate micturition and that these afferents can undergo morphological alterations and/or changes in axoplasmic transport in response to urethral ligation. Changes may occur in response to increased target organ mass, increased neural activity, or alterations in the levels or activity of neurotrophic factors.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1977

Posterior urethral obstruction: valvular or diaphragmatic? Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.

Young's classification of posterior urethral valves has been criticized because clinically only type 1 valves have been observed. However, with a certain technique of postmortem examination the obstruction has been found to be caused by a fenestrated diaphragm. When reevaluating the photographs and motion pictures taken during endoscopies it was concluded that the obstructions were diaphragmatic. The earlier controversial conclusions can be attributed to questionable methods of examination and misinterpretation of the findings. On the basis of the anatomic structure of diaphragmatic obstruction, the endoscopic anterior resection used by the author can be considered a logical and effective method of treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Effect of naftopidil on urethral obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia: assessment by urodynamic studies.

Thirty-two patients with voiding dysfunction attributable to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with naftopidil, an alpha 1-blocker, at doses of 25-75 mg/day for 4-6 weeks. The efficacy of the drug was assessed from the changes in urinary symptoms and urodynamic data. Total symptom scores were significantly reduced after treatment (P < 0.001). Average flow rate and maximum flow rate were significantly increased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and residual urine volume, residual urine rate (ratio of residual urine volume/sum of voided volume and residual urine volume), and maximum urethral closure pressure were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively) reduced, and at bladder capacity, the first desire to void was significantly (P < 0.05) increased. The pressure/flow study demonstrated no changes in intravesical pressure at maximum flow, but a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in minimum urethral resistance. A mild side effect (dizziness) was noted in one patient (3.3%), which soon disappeared after the dose was decreased. The efficacy was good or excellent in 21 of 30 patients (70.0%). The drug was evaluated to be promising in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗