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PubMed2004

Disabled children and their families in Ukraine: health and mental health issues for families caring for their disabled child at home.

In the Eastern European countries included in the communist system of the USSR, parents of disabled children were encouraged to commit their disabled child to institutional care. There were strict legal regulations excluding them from schools. Medical assessments were used for care decisions. Nevertheless many parents decided to care for their disabled child at home within the family. Ukraine became an independent country in 1991, when communism was replaced by liberal democracy within a free market system. Western solutions have been sought for many social problems existing, but 'hidden,' under the old regime. For more of the parents of disabled children, this has meant embracing ideas of caring for their disabled children in the community, and providing for their social, educational, and medical needs, which have previously been denied. The issue of disability is a serious one for Ukraine where the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in 1986 caused extensive radiation poisoning. This almost certainly led to an increase in the number of disabled children being born and an increase in the incidence of various forms of cancer. This paper is based on a series of observation visits to some of the many self-help groups established by parents, usually mothers, for their disabled children. It draws attention to the emotional stress experienced both by parents and their disabled children in the process of attempting to come to terms with the disabling conditions, and the denial of the normal rights of childhood resulting from prejudice, poor resources, ignorance, and restrictive legislation. Attempts have been made to identify the possible role and tasks of professional social workers within this context. International comparisons show that many parents and their children do not benefit from the medical model of disability, and that serious consequences include the development of depressive illness among those who find that little help is available from public services.

Caregivers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Meiotic chromosomes of green frogs (Rana esculenta complex) of the Ukraine territory].

In this work meiotic chromosomes of R. ridibunda, R. lessonae and their hybrid form R. esculenta of the Ukraine territory are described for the first time. These chromosomes are connected in diakinesis more often by two chiasma, rarely by one or three chiasma in 13 bivalents. Bivalents with one chiasma in R. ridibunda are typical only for large bivalents, in R. lessonae only for small ones. Three chiasma in parental species are typical only for small bivalents. In the hybrid form R. esculenta chromosomes with two, one and three chiasma are typical both for large bivalents, and for small ones. In the hybrid form (R. esculenta) chiasma frequency noticeably decreases, comparatively with parental species that, possibly, specifies the aberration of normal meiosis realization. The chiasma frequencies of the hybrid form of the eastern and the southern parts of Ukraine are almost the same, but the types of chromosomes are different in such regions. In the eastern region chromosomes of the hybrid form are represented by two or one chiasma, in the southern region by two, one or three chiasma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic characterization of pathogenic Borrelia, group A14S, isolated in Ukraine].

Borrelia Ir-5215, isolated from ticks Ixodes ricinus in Ukraine (the Crimean autonomous region), was identified by the method of the polymorphism of the fragment length of the restriction amplicon of rRNA spacer region 5S-23S. Its Msel-restriction profile was relatively similar to that of B. afzelii. The sequencing of spacer region rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) and 16S rRNA gene, as well as the analysis of the similarity of nucleotide sequences, obtained in the course of these study, revealed the differences between Borrelia sp, lr-5215 and six European species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and a high level of similarity (more than 95.1% for 5S-23S rRNA and 99.4% for 16S rRNA gene) to three known representatives of genome group A14S (Borrelia spp. A14S, I-77 and PC-Rq17). This suggests that isolated Borrelia lr-5215 is a new representative of pathogenic B. burgdorferi sensu lato genome group A14S, which is spread, together with Central Europe, also in southern Ukraine.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Ukraine and Russia: major InterNICHE outreach.

During October 2005, InterNICHE National Contacts Anya Yushchenko and Lena Maroueva, and Co-ordinator Nick Jukes, began a large-scale promotion of alternatives across the Ukraine and Russia. The InterNICHE outreach produced a number of positive results: presentations, demonstrations and training in alternatives to over 500 teachers and students; agreements at two institutes to replace harmful animal use in education across a whole department and faculty respectively; information gathering, and discussions with teachers about potential future replacement; reaching a massive audience through positive media coverage; and empowerment of campaigners, including InterNICHE National Contacts who successfully organised the majority of the activities. To continue the successes, funds to enlarge the Russian micro-Loan System of alternatives and to make donations of alternatives to institutes are urgently needed. Support for broadening the InterNICHE impact across Ukraine, Russia and Asian republics through the distribution of translated literature, video, freeware alternatives and web-based resources is also required. Such activity not only supports the development of a progressive, humane education, but impacts positively on animal use in research and testing by creating an environment more conducive to alternatives in general. This is important now as animal testing laboratories consider relocating in or sub-contracting to ex-Soviet countries and in central Asia. New InterNICHE connections have already been made with Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan, and there are many open doors.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphic short tandem repeats for PCR-based diagnosis of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A duplication in Ukraine.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is one of the most common hereditary disorders, affecting 1:2500 individuals. The major mutation--microduplication of 1.4 megabases in 17p11.2 region, which is responsible for 68-90 % of cases of CMT1, results in CMT1A. In the present article we provide the population genetic study in 52 unrelated non-CMT volunteers from population of Ukraine in three STRs (D17S921, D17S1358 and D17S122) from the 17p11.2 chromosomal region to determine their ability for the CMT1A-duplication detection using STR-PCR method in Ukraine. The informativity for the CMT1A detection in current use STR panel is calculated to be 93,6%. It has been shown that current use STR panel analysis is important for CMT1A duplication detection, early differential diagnosis of CMT including prenatal diagnosis and genetic consulting in high risk families.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Actual medical and ergonomic problems in agriculture in the Ukraine.

A new agrarian policy in a number of countries caused the necessity to introduce additional measures aimed at preventing of agricultural workers' health. The epidemiological studies in the Ukraine revealed the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension) particularly among operators of agricultural machines and workers being in contact with pesticides. The state of health of women working in greenhouses and those in sugar beet growing is assessed. The rate of spontaneous abortions and other pregnancy disorders as well as the retardation in physical development of newborns and infants are evaluated. The necessity to improve the ergonomy of agricultural machines, to increase their quality and reliability is emphasized. The search of physiological optimum of efforts to steering wheel and pedals is given as an example. This approach is of general significance and can be applied to road-building machines as well. The role of pesticide management in the Ukraine is also considered in this paper. The damage to human health and the environment is most often connected with violations of regulations, or persistent usage of highly toxic substances. The most urgent tasks are the revision of the registered and applied pesticides, development of new ecological and hygienic standards, improvement of biomonitoring methods and efficiency of the state sanitary supervision.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of mutations in the 7th, 10th and 11th exons and of the polymorphism of the 4 nucleotide tandem repeats from the 3' end of the 6th intron of the CFTR gene in families from Ukraine with a high risk of mucoviscidosis].

Mutations in the CFTR gene have been screened in 110 families from Ukraine with high risk of cystic fibrosis. Deletion F508 was found in 121 (55%) of 220 CF alleles. Among the rest mutant alleles (with the absence of delta F508) six other mutations occurring in the 7th, 10th, 11th exons of the CFTR gene were screened. In this way, 5 CF alleles may be characterized: 1 allele with R334W (the 7th exon) 1 with 1677 delTa (the 10th exon), 1 allele with G551D and 2 alleles with R553X (the 11th exon). We have screened 865 healthy donors for F508 from different regions of Ukraine. The frequency of heterozygous carriers in different regions ranged from 1:28 to 1:170. Strong linkage imbalance was found between polymorphic markers of 4 bp tandem repeats from the 3'-end of the sixth intron in the CFTR gene and deletion F508.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The priorities of scientific research efforts in Ukraine on social hygiene and public health organization over the last decade].

A study is presented of the structure of research on the problem "Social hygiene and public health organization" and a detailed logometric analysis has been carried out of primary research data in the Ukraine during 1980-1989. Expertise values were used for determination of the priority and development, as well as practical significance of scientific trends in the Ukraine.

Health Priorities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The DNA polymorphism in the inhabitants of Ukraine detected with an M13 phage-based probe].

BspRI and HinfI polymorphism of DNA in the inhabitants of Ukraine was analyzed with probe based on M13 phage. In the region 3 - 8 kb, the mean probabilities of coincidence of to marker bands comprised 0.22 for BspRI polymorphism and 0.34 for HinfI polymorphism. The indexes of similarity by Lee between the parents comprised 0.44 for BspRI polymorphism and 0.45 for HinfI polymorphism. The characteristics obtained may be used for the correct description of DNA fingerprints in the inhabitants of Ukraine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epidemiological problems of hereditary diseases and congenital developmental defects in Ukraine].

A description is provided of significance of epidemiological investigations designed to study hereditary pathology to be able to assess health status of the population. The state-in-the-art in this branch of medical science in Ukraine is reviewed. It is shown that the is a problem in this country of hypodiagnosis and inadequate recording of hereditary diseases and congenital developmental anomalies. The contributors to this article submit a system of registration of hereditary pathology, worked out on the basis of a medicogenetical service that starts functioning in Ukraine.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diphtheria in Ukraine. The current aspects of diphtheria epidemiology (1)].

From 1991 forth, a diphtheria epidemics has been spreading in Ukraine, the cause of which is decline in the level of collective immunity. The highest incidence rates are registered in large industrial centers. In rural areas, morbidity rates were found to be half as high as those in urban ones, particularly so among the adults. Morbidity and mortality were greater among those children of under school age who did not attend the child's pre-school institutions. Immunization of the adults done on a single-procedure basis does not protect them either against the disease or lethal outcome. The observed decline in mortality is due to the detection of mild forms of the disease, earlier diagnose and, therefore, start of the treatment. But even in 1994 the epidemic situation with respect to diphtheria looks serious in Ukraine, which fact necessitates inaugurating antiepidemic measures on a continuous basis, the mainstay of which is vaccinal prevention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The current problems in training military medical personnel for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the measures for their resolution].

At the time when formation of independent Ukraine and radical reformation of the military-medical service take place the demand for competent military medical specialists tends to grow, with the range of demand being rather wide in respect of paramedical staff as well as that of physicians. One of the efficient ways of solving the existing problems is further integration of systems of military medical and civilian medical education in the country, to which issue a joint sitting of boards of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine was dedicated. With the purpose of improving military medical education in the country it is recommended that national Military Medical Academy should be established without expanding the permanent staff of the existing organizational structures-those dealing with financing, organizational matters, logistics, training and instruction-from the numbers it runs to at present.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of disseminated sclerosis in the southern region of Ukraine].

Some aspects were studied of the occurrence of disseminated sclerosis (DS) in the south of Ukraine (Odessa and Nikolaev Provinces) with special reference to geoclimatic, ecological and ethnic factors over the period 1992-1993, DS incidence was noted to be on the increase in the region, which fact permits classifying the South territories of Ukraine as a zone with moderate DS prevalence. Data are submitted on nonuniformity of distribution of frequency of DS cases on the territory in question. Lineage was traced to the climatic-and-geographic factors of the region, locality one lives in as well as to sex and race.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A population genetics study of the allelic polymorphism in the hypervariable region of the apolipoprotein B gene in the population of different regions of Ukraine].

The allelic variation of the hypervariable locus from 3'-untranslated region of apolipoprotein B gene in healthy volunteers from different regions of Ukraine was analysed. Among 396 DNA samples studied, 13 allelic variants were identified with the number of repeats ranging from 29 to 53. The frequency of alleles varied from 0.0013 to 0.3575 with the mean heterozygosity index 77.9%. The investigation of the genetic differences between 4 populations of different regions of Ukraine has been performed. A high level of the polymorphism and a heterozygosity index of APOB locus allow to recommend this polymorphic system as an informative marker for study of genetic structure population and to forensic medical analysis.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in children of different regions of Ukraine].

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the children of Ukraine increased by 7% during the period from 1985 to 1992. The incidence that are revealed each year does not change. Different regions are significantly distinct from each other. The high and stable level of this disease incidence in Cherkassy Province, including cases revealed for the first time, two times exceeds these indices for Ukraine that attracts considerable interest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Latent thyroid pathology in residents of Kiev, Ukraine.

Thyroid glands from 162 patients were examined for occult thyroid pathology at autopsy. The patients were residents of Kiev, aged 16 to 82 years, without known thyroid disease. Abnormalities were observed in 66 of the 162 cases (40.7%) and included nodular hyperplasia (13.6%), follicular adenoma (4.9%), and thyroiditis (9.5%). Thyroid carcinoma was found in 11.7% of cases (18 papillary microcarcinomas and one follicular oncocytic carcinoma). No cancer was found in the thyroids of patients under 35 years of age. Cancer was predominant in women, but there were no significant differences in the frequency of occult carcinoma with increased age. The neoplasms varied in size from microscopic foci to 9 mm in diameter; most (63%) were over 5 mm. The cancer incidence rate in our study was lower than that found in Finland and Japan, but higher than in most other published series. The absence of a correlation between the rather high frequency of latent thyroid cancer in autopsy data and the relatively low annual incidence of clinically evident thyroid cancer in Ukraine residents may reflect the impact of initiating factors on carcinogenesis of the thyroid. Our results suggest that environmental factors in the area of Ukraine, contaminated by the Chernobyl accident, may play an important role in the etiology of thyroid cancer, but further research is needed.

Adolescent↗