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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Influencing factors that affect the biological monitoring of workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide in textile coating factories].

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the factors influencing biological monitoring of textile coating factory workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). METHODS: We studied 35 workers who were occupationally exposed to DMF from 9 textile coating factories. The study was carried out in two phases; summer and winter. While air concentration of DMF, temperature and humidity were assessed in order to monitor the atmospheric conditions, biological monitoring was done to determine the internal dose by analyzing the N-methylformamide (NMF) collected from urine at the beginning and end of the shift. Questionnaires and medical surveillance were also obtained during the two phases. RESULTS: Median air concentrations of DMF in winter and summer were 1.85 ppm and 2.78 ppm respectively. Also the difference between the urinary NMF concentration at the beginning and end of the shift (delta NMF) was always significant in each season (P < 0.001). The correlations between log DMF in air, log end-of-shift urinary NMF (r = 0.555, P < 0.001) and log delta NMF (r = 0.444, P < 0.001) was statistically significant in summer. The temperature, humidity, a shift system and different styles of clothing worn were significantly different during the two phases. In a multivariate analysis, temperature and the concentration of DMF in the air were the main factors influencing biological monitoring of textile coating factory workers. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning more comprehensive prevention measures to reduce exposure for those workers occupationally exposed to DMF, dermal exposure conditions such as temperature and humidity together with the air concentration of DMF should be assessed and biological monitoring is necessary to reduce adverse health effects, especially during the summer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of byssinosis and other respiratory problems among textile mill workers in Asaba, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and severity of byssinosis and other respiratory problems in the different operation sections in a textile mill industry in Asaba. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and analytic study in which workers directly exposed to cotton dust are compared with those not directly exposed to cotton dust at one point in time. RESULTS: A total of 735 workers were interviewed and 437 workers had respiratory examinations carried out on them. Byssinosis was diagnosed in 8 out of 405 workers (prevalence of 1.98%) who were not directly exposed to cotton dust, and 21 out of 330 workers (prevalence of 6.36%) who were directly exposed to cotton dust. The difference was found to be statistically significant (chi2 =9.25; df=1; 0.01<p<0.001). The spinning department had the highest prevalence of 11.5%. The prevalence of respiratory abnormalities which did not necessarily meet the criteria for a diagnosis of byssinosis was 4.9% for persistent cough and persistent phlegm; 8.0% for dyspnoea grade 2+; 3.3% for dyspnoea grade 4 and 2.59% for dyspnoea grade 5. Smoking was not found to be associated with the disease as none of the byssinotics were current smokers CONCLUSION: Byssinosis and other respiratory problems were found to be more prevalent in sections of the textile mill industry that were directly exposed to cotton dust. These findings form a basis for making suitable recommendations for the prevention of byssinosis and respiratory diseases in textile mills in Nigeria.

Byssinosis↗
PubMed1990

[A method of determining trace amounts of aromatic amines in dyed cotton textiles].

A method is described for determination of trace amounts of aromatic amines present as toxic contaminants in samples of dyed cotton textiles. The study was carried out on samples of cotton textiles for children, two were dyed beige and aquamarine , one was white. A distillation-spectrophotometric method was used based on the diazo reaction of sodium nitrate + with amines and coupling reaction with alpha-naphthol. The intensity of the obtained colour was proportional to amine content in the sample. The absorbance of the colour solution was measured at 570 nm wavelength. It was shown that the tested samples contained only traces of aromatic amines calculated as aniline++--0.85-3.22 mg/kg (the acceptable amount is 40 mg/kg). The proposed method makes possible objective determination of aromatic amines in textiles, it is simple and highly effective, with detectability of the order of 10(-7) g/cm3. It may be used for amine determination in industry.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1989

Byssinosis in South Africa. A survey of 2411 textile workers.

The first study of the prevalence of byssinosis in the South African cotton textile industry is described. Questionnaires were administered to 2411 subjects from six textile mills. Height and weight were measured and pulmonary function was tested before and after the first shift of a working week. Dust concentrations were measured using a Lumsden-Lynch vertical elutriator sampler. The prevalence of byssinosis (all grades) according to work departments was as follows: spinning 11.2%, winding 6.1%, and weaving 6.4%. Subjects with symptoms of byssinosis had a significantly reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio when compared with controls matched for age, height and weight. Dust concentrations in many areas of the preparation and spinning processes exceeded the World Health Organisation's recommended permissible exposure limit for cotton dust in spinning operations. The prevalence of byssinosis in this study appears to be lower than that documented elsewhere. The mill design, machinery in use and environmental conditions in the South African cotton textile industry appear to be similar to those in Egypt and the USA before 1978. South Africa differs from these and other countries, including the UK, in having an exceptionally high labour turnover rate, which has reduced exposure periods. The subjects were found to have a high prevalence of previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (3.4% for males and 2.2% for females), and in this population this disease appeared to cause more respiratory impairment than byssinosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary function study of retired cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking.

A group of 173 retired cotton textile workers from one cotton mill in Shanghai was surveyed. A modified British Medical Research Council (BMRC) questionnaire was administered, and lung function tests were performed using an LR-80 flow-volume machine made in China. All workers had worked in the preparatory and spinning departments for more than 25 years. A group of 373 healthy age-matched individuals with similar social, economic, and educational backgrounds but with no history of dust or any toxic agent exposure was selected as the control group. Pulmonary function parameters from the forced expiratory effort were recorded. Prediction equations were derived from 157 controls who had never smoked and had no history of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders. The ratios of observed to predicted values in the male and female cotton textile workers and controls were examined using two-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. There was no significant difference between the cotton textile workers and the controls in lung function parameters, whereas cigarette smoking had a distinct impact on all the parameters except forced vital capacity. The effects of cotton dust exposure and cigarette smoking appeared to be additive. It is suggested that the effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract may be located mainly in the small airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Legal and organizational bases of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland in the 19th and beginning of 20th cent. (forms of insurance, work safety and sanitary regulations)].

The origins of state interventionism in the field of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland go back to the first half of the XIX-th century. It could not, however, be developed earlier than in the last quarter of this century, at which time it resulted from the class struggle of textile workers, mainly in Lódź and Zyraŕdów. Legal and organizational patterns of health care were of foreign origin, but soon they were modified and adapted to the local conditions of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. It has to be underlined that it was the textile industry that stimulated legal and organizational changes in the field of industrial health care, not only in the Congress Kingdom of Poland but also in the whole contemporary Europe.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1985

[Nonwoven textiles in the operating room].

Non-woven textiles are still not widely used in France, despite the great variety of their presentations. These products are clearly superior to traditional textiles in terms of a bacteriological barrier, which results in a lower rate of post-operative sepsis. It costs the same or less than classical textiles and it reduces the tasks of personnel and administration. Its presently limited used is essentially due to the reticence of surgeons, based on a poor understanding of the products and a psychological barrier which is difficult to overcome.

Clothing↗
PubMed1977

[Osteodystrophic changes in the hands of female textile workers].

The incidence of arthromyalgic complaints and osteodystrophy of the right hand of a group of textile workers were sought with the aid of the method for clinical-social study, clinical observation and X-ray macromorphological investigation of the bone structure. The high epidemiology index of rheumatoarthrological diseases is preceded by the accumulation, as early as the first years of textile period, of structural changes of the bone tissue (under the wide effect of labour-production environment). Two types of macromorphological changes are indicated: the first are with a maximum of 3-5 years from the beginning of the textile occupation and correlate with certain changes in the regulatory-adaptive customs and the second are mainly hyperostotic--age accounted for and an expression of summed effect of articular wear out and chronic microtraumatism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Occupational contact dermatitis in the workers employed in production of Texas textiles.

Pathological changes in the skin, of allergic type, have been detected in 35 of 131 weavers, employed in the production of primarily texas textiles. Patch tests yielded in 21 patients positive results with cotton and texas textiles. Approximately 50% of positive results of dermal tests have been found to be induced by naphthol compounds added to dyes in the process of preliminary dying. Moreover, 2 cases of extensive hyperchromatism in persons concerned with the above mentioned textiles have been observed which, due to the treatment procedures and removed from work in exposure have partly subsided.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new computer-assisted possibility for evaluating the evidence value of textile fiber traces].

This paper deals with the possibility of coding synthetic textile fibers. Using a small data bank the efficiency of a computer aided data search is demonstrated. It is intended to build up a large collection of textile fibers and to determine at least approximately the frequency of a certain fiber type. If this can be achieved the forensic scientist who has to examine textile fibers in case work will be able for the first time to answer the question about the frequency of an incriminating fiber, a question which is often asked in court.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

[Lower limb varicose veins in textile workers].

441 women working in various textile industry plants were examined to detect possible varicose veins, ulceration of shins, post thrombotic syndrome and active thrombotically inflammable changes. Frequency of the above mentioned changes was evaluated withthe following criteria: age, duration of employment in textile industry and work-post. Additionally, sickness absenteeism analysis was done in patients treated preventively and by operation. Investigations carried out indicate that the frequency of varicose veins in lower limbs, of trophic changes, shin ulceration, thrombotically inflamed processes increases with age and duration of employment in textile industry, resulting in considerable sickness absenteeism. The surgeon working in a given plant should detect varicose veins in lower limbs as early as possible and send his patients for an operation. Operation prevents many complications and shortens duration of disablement for work.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function of the lungs in wool textile industry workers].

Subjects in the study were 158 female wool textile workers and 87 control non-exposed workers. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Ventilatory capacity was measured in wool workers by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves on Monday before and after the work shift. Forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the vital capacity (FEF50, FEF25) were measured on MEFV curves. Significantly higher prevalences of all chronic respiratory symptoms were recorded in exposed than in control workers (P < 0.01). Exposure to wool dust caused significant across shift reductions of ventilatory capacity varying from 2.0 to 9.1%. Those reductions were similar in textile workers exposed to wool for more than 10 years showed similar across shift reductions of ventilatory capacity tests as those with shorter exposure. Smokers and non-smokers had similar acute and chronic lung function changes. In a larger number of wool workers FEF50 and FEF25 were below 70% of predicted normal values. Bronchoprovocation testing with wool dust extract did not demonstrate correlation with respiratory impairment. Our data suggest that dust exposure in wool textile mills may be associated with the development of chronic respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunological reactions and respiratory function in wool textile workers.

Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in a group of 64 wool textile workers (52 women and 12 men). A group of 46 workers not exposed to wool dust served as a control for the respiratory symptoms and immunologic testing. Skin testing was performed with different wool allergens (domestic and Australian) as well as with common allergens. Ventilatory capacity was measured in wool workers on Mondays before and after the work shift. The prevalence of positive skin tests to all allergens was higher in wool than in control workers, although the difference was statistically significant only for washed domestic wool (wool workers: 42.2%; control workers: 19.6%; p < 0.05). Increased serum IgE levels were more frequent in wool (26.6%) than in control workers (3.1%) (p < 0.01). In wool textile workers there was a high prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms. Significant across-shift reductions in ventilatory capacity tests, as well as abnormal baseline lung function, were recorded in wool textile workers. Individual data demonstrated that many of the wool workers had FEF25 lower than 70% of predicted. In general, the prevalence of symptoms and the lung function abnormalities did not correlate with the results of specific (wool) skin tests. Our data indicate that exposure to wool dust in some workers may be associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and impairment of lung function. Immunologic abnormalities, although frequent in this group, do not appear to be associated with the severity of these changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Radiographic findings in cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking.

A group of 140 cotton textile workers from Shanghai, Shandong, Guangxi, and Beijing have had their chest radiographs taken using similar requirements. Most had come from the preparatory departments of cotton mills and had a history of exposure to cotton dust for at least 20 years. As controls, 140 healthy individuals with no dust exposure were matched with respect to sex, age, and smoking history. All the radiographs were read according to the ILO International Pneumoconiosis Classification, and the manifestations belonging to categories 0/0 and 0/1 were grouped as "normal," whereas categories 1/0, 1/1, and 1/2 and above as "abnormal." There was no significant difference in X-ray abnormalities between cotton textile workers and controls (P greater than 0.05). But when the data on the cotton textile workers and controls were combined, an appreciable difference in the incidence of radiographic abnormalities was found between smokers and non-smokers (P less than 0.001). Cotton dust exposure may induce nonspecific interstitial pulmonary changes, but these changes were exaggerated by cigarette smoking. These two factors appeared to have an additive effect on the pulmonary X-ray findings.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Implementing hygiene monitoring systems in hospital laundries in order to reduce microbial contamination of hospital textiles.

As textiles sent to hospital laundries contain many types of pathogenic organisms, it is important that laundering not only has an appropriate cleaning effect but also has a satisfactory disinfecting effect. Critical to this process is the maintenance of an appropriate hygiene level in the clean area of laundries in order to prevent recontamination of textiles from manual handling when ironing, folding, packing etc. The aims of this study were to evaluate the hygienic state of a hospital laundry, to introduce continuous sanitary measures, and to introduce a continuous hygiene monitoring system with an infection control programme. Two systems for evaluating hospital laundry hygiene were combined: HACCP principles (hazard analysis and critical control points) and RAL-GZ 992 standards (quality assurance standard for textile care of hospital laundry). Evaluation of the hygienic state of the hospital laundry was carried out by evaluating the number and types of micro-organisms present at the critical control points throughout the whole laundering process, using RODAC agar plates for surface sampling and the pour plate method for investigating water samples. The initial examination showed that the sanitary condition of the laundry did not reach the required hygiene level. Therefore, fundamental sanitation measures were instituted and the examination was repeated. Results were then satisfactory. The most important critical control point was the chemothermal laundering efficiency of the laundering process. To prevent micro-organisms spreading into the entire clean working area, it is important that, in addition to regular sanitary measures such as cleaning/disinfecting all working areas, technical equipment and storage shelves etc., regular education sessions for laundry employees on proper hand hygiene is undertaken and effective separation of the clean and dirty working areas is achieved.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed2006

Mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of a textile azo dye processing plant effluent that impacts a drinking water source.

Recently a textile azo dye processing plant effluent was identified as one of the sources of mutagenic activity detected in the Cristais River, a drinking water source in Brazil [G.A. Umbuzeiro, D.A. Roubicek, C.M. Rech, M.I.Z. Sato, L.D. Claxton, Investigating the sources of the mutagenic activity found in a river using the Salmonella assay and different water extraction procedures, Chemosphere 54 (2004) 1589-1597]. Besides presenting high mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay, the mutagenic nitro-aminoazobenzenes dyes CI Disperse Blue 373, CI Disperse Violet 93, and CI Disperse Orange 37 [G.A. Umbuzeiro, H.S. Freeman, S.H. Warren, D.P. Oliveira, Y. Terao, T. Watanabe, L.D. Claxton, The contribution of azo dyes in the mutagenic activity of the Cristais river, Chemosphere 60 (2005) 55-64] as well as benzidine, a known carcinogenic compound [T.M. Mazzo, A.A. Saczk, G.A. Umbuzeiro, M.V.B. Zanoni, Analysis of aromatic amines in surface waters receiving wastewater from textile industry by liquid chromatographic with eletrochemical detection, Anal. Lett., in press] were found in this effluent. After approximately 6 km from the discharge of this effluent, a drinking water treatment plant treats and distributes the water to a population of approximate 60,000. As shown previously, the mutagens in the DWTP intake water are not completely removed by the treatment. The water used for human consumption presented mutagenic activity related to nitro-aromatics and aromatic amines compounds probably derived from the cited textile processing plant effluent discharge [G.A. Umbuzeiro, D.A. Roubicek, C.M. Rech, M.I.Z. Sato, L.D. Claxton, Investigating the sources of the mutagenic activity found in a river using the Salmonella assay and different water extraction procedures, Chemosphere 54 (2004) 1589-1597; G.A. Umbuzeiro, H.S. Freeman, S.H. Warren, D.P. Oliveira, Y. Terao, T. Watanabe, L.D. Claxton, The contribution of azo dyes in the mutagenic activity of the Cristais river, Chemosphere 60 (2005) 55-64]. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the possible risks involved in the human consumption of this contaminated water. With that objective, one sample of the cited industrial effluent was tested for carcinogenicity in the aberrant crypt foci medium-term assay in colon of Wistar rats. The rats received the effluent in natura through drinking water at concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 10%. The effluent mutagenicity was also confirmed in the Salmonella/microsome assay with the strains TA98 and YG1041. There was an increased number of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of rats exposed to concentrations of 1% and 10% of the effluent, and a positive response for both Salmonella strains tested. These results indicate that the discharge of the effluent should be avoided in waters used for human consumption and show the sensitivity of the ACF crypt foci assay as an important tool to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of environmental complex mixtures.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Influence of the textile structure on the degradation of explanted aortic endoprostheses.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate mechanisms of textile failure in explanted human aortic endoprostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endoprostheses (n31) underwent optical and scanning electron microscopy, filament dynamometry, and saturation index measurement. RESULTS: The macroscopic lesions observed in the Stentor and Vanguard devices were holes at the extremities of the stents and slipping of the warp yarns at the level of sutures or of the longitudinal seams. The macroscopic lesions observed in AneurX endoprostheses were holes, slipping of the warp yarns and ruptures of the ligatures. The macroscopic lesions observed in the two Talent endoprostheses were sections of fibers at the level of the suture holes and few areas lesions of wear, with sometimes holes at the contact of the stent extremities. Stentor, Vanguard and AneurX all demonstrated low saturation indexes of the fabric (44-59%) with an important anisotropy. Whereas the Talent endograft demonstrated a high index of saturation (124-131%) with a low anisotropy. We did not demonstrate significant polymer degradation in any of the endoprostheses. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to take into account the saturation index to optimally choose a woven textile for the construction of an endoprosthesis since this property of the textile may contribute to explain the macroscopic lesions observed. We did not observe significant polymer degradation by filament dynamometry but further studies are needed to confirm these data.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed2004

Ultrasounds: an industrial solution to optimise costs, environmental requests and quality for textile finishing.

Ultrasounds are widely used at industrial scale for cleaning of mechanical pieces for example. Potential applications exist for finishing of textiles. This work aimed to improve traditional textile finishing processes thanks to ultrasound. The technical objective was to develop specific applicators of ultrasonic energy which could be adapted on jigger, a widespread textile finishing machine. Laboratory studies have allowed to define the conditions for application of ultrasounds and check their effects on fibre structure, validated by trials in dynamic conditions. Ultrasound technology makes it possible to intensify the phenomena of diffusion and washing by the effect of cavitation and improves effectiveness of traditional washing treatments. Industrial ultrasound processes need further optimisation on industrial machines.

Journal Article↗