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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Residual mesenchyme in temporal bones of children.

The role of mesenchyme in the temporal bone is still poorly understood. A microscopic study of residual mesenchyme was undertaken in temporal bones of children from birth to 5 years of age. Residual mesenchyme was found to be located in the mastoid antrum and epitympanum more often than in the mesotympanum. The amount of mesenchymal tissue remaining in the temporal bones decreased with increasing age. Persistence of mesenchyme in the temporal bone was related to congenital morphologic ear anomalies and syndromes. There was also an association evident with pulmonary disease, but not with congenital heart defects. Persistent mesenchyme was also found to be significantly associated with chronic middle ear inflammation, and in cases of unilateral otitis media the ear with otitis media had more residual mesenchyme than the non-otitis media ear.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Temporal bone and sinonasal inverted papilloma: the same pathological entity?

BACKGROUND: Inverted papilloma involving the temporal bone is an extremely rare occurrence. Reports in the literature suggest a higher recurrence rate and association with squamous cell carcinoma in Schneiderian-type papillomas of the middle ear than in sinonasal Schneiderian-type papillomas. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, markers of cell proliferation activity, and sex hormone receptors in temporal bone inverted papillomas and to compare this entity with sinonasal papillomas. Design and Subjects We investigated 2 rare cases of inverted papilloma of the temporal bone and a control group of 6 cases of sinonasal inverted papilloma. The expression of p53, Mib-1, p27, and progesterone and estrogen receptors was determined. RESULTS: In the 2 cases of temporal bone inverted papilloma, p53 expression was 43.75% and 4.92%; p27 expression was higher in temporal bone inverted papilloma (82.45% and 70.53%) than in the sinonasal inverted papilloma group. One of our 2 cases of temporal bone Schneiderian-type papilloma was positive for progesterone receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of progesterone receptor in 1 of our 2 cases and in the only other case reported in the literature may imply some degree of hormonal dependence of temporal bone inverted papilloma. Our analysis of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, markers of cell proliferation activity, and sex hormone receptors does not allow us to demonstrate that temporal bone and sinonasal inverted papilloma are different pathological entities.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Computed tomography of the temporal bone in diagnosis of adhesive otitis media].

CT of the temporal bone was made in 64 patients (age 2 to 66 years) with adhesive otitis media (AOM), in 21 of them AOM was bilateral. A total of 85 series of temporal bone tomograms were analysed. CT confirmed AOM in 62 cases, detected otosclerosis in 7 cases, local malformation of the auditory ossicula and/or labyrinthine windows in 11 cases. In 5 cases CT picture was normal. CT symptoms of AOM in the patients were the following: soft tissue streaks and/or sites of soft tissue density fixing the auditory ossicula or blocking niches of the labyrinthine windows (31 temporal bone), sclerosis or ossification of the middle ear ligaments and tendons (7 temporal bones), foci of calcification in the tympanic cavity (9 cases), osteosclerotic changes in the epitympanium (2 cases), scarry alterations of the tympanic membrane (24 cases), destructive alterations of the auditory ossicula (19 temporal bones). Thus, there is evidence for CT ability to differentiate between adhesive otitis media, otosclerosis and congenital anomalies of middle ear structures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone. Case report and literature review.

Chondroblastoma is a rare tumor of bone that represents approximately 1% of all primary bone tumors. In the temporal bone, only 33 have been reported. We present a case of chondroblastoma of the temporal bone, followed by a literature review and analysis of reported cases. We conclude that the best chance for a prolonged disease-free interval is total excision using a combined otolaryngologic and neurosurgical approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extracanalicular osteomas of the temporal bone: three cases].

Osteoma is a slow-growing tumor formed by mature bone tissue. In the temporal bone, intracanalicular osteomas are more frequent than extracanalicular osteomas. In Spain, only twelve cases of extracanalicular tumors of the temporal bone have been described in the literature. We present three new cases of extracanalicular osteoma (mastoids). The clinical and radiological features of each case are described and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Temporal bone study of Down's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To study temporal bone histopathologic characteristics of the inner ear and middle ear cleft of patients with Down's syndrome. DESIGN: Sixteen temporal bones from eight patients with Down's syndrome were studied. Ten temporal bones from subjects without pathologic ear lesions but with congenital heart disease served as controls. The two-dimensional graphic reconstruction method proposed by Guild and modified by Schuknecht was used to study the cochleas; measurement of the vestibules was based on Igarashi's method. SETTING: The temporal bone collection of the Otitis Media Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis. RESULTS: Six bones showed short cochlea, and four of six had Mondini's cochlea. The overall cochlear lengths in this study group were notably shorter than those of the controls. The spiral ganglion cell population and two of three vestibular dimensions also were notably less than the controls. Middle ear findings included residual mesenchyme, stapes abnormality, otitis media, and large facial canal dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: The difficulties encountered in rehabilitation of patients with Down's syndrome caused by mental retardation can be compounded by the hearing loss caused by middle and inner ear abnormalities. A complete evaluation of hearing loss and therapy before starting the rehabilitation gives the most favorable outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone findings in hemifacial microsomia.

The temporal bone findings in a case of hemifacial microsomia are described with photographs. The right facial hypoplasia was associated with anophthalmia and microtia on the same side. The right petrous bone was hypoplastic and showed total superior dehiscence of the internal acoustic meatus. Th otic capsule was deformed with an underdeveloped cochlear modiolus grossly deficient in spiral ganglion population. The spiralling cochlear shell showed partial deficiency of the interscalar septum between the middle and apical coils. The cochlear duct was shorter than that on the normal side; the organ of Corti however was normal. The vestibular system did not show any structural abnormality except for the degeneration and reduction of the Scarpa's ganglion cells and nerve fibers. An additional interesting fact was that the facial nerve was totally absent in the temporal bone except for its nervus intermedius component.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

[Microsurgery of the temporal bone (author's transl)].

Microsurgery of the temporal bone has opened a new frontier in otology, neurosurgery and head and neck surgery. The operative approaches used to reach the most hidden supra-, retro-, infra- and premeatal regions of the temporal bone are described and their surgical uses are illustrated. Particular attention has been paid to the subtotal petrosectomy with permanent anterior transposition of the facial nerve and is indicated for the extirpation of large infra- and premeatal tumors as well as for the repair of sub- and infratemporal aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1997

Use of cranial surface anatomic fiducials for interactive image-guided navigation in the temporal bone: a cadaveric study.

OBJECTIVE: Because of the intricate anatomy of the temporal bone, we examined the feasibility and reliability of cranial surface anatomic fiducials to register computed tomographic images of the temporal bone by using a frameless image-guided system. METHODS: One-millimeter thick computed tomographic slices and the smallest possible field of view were used to register 10 dry and 10 fresh temporal bones from cadavers. The fiducials used for registration included the umbo of the tympanic membrane, emissary foramina, the asterion, various sutures, the tip of the mastoid process, and Henle's spine. RESULTS: Mean initial fiducial registration error ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 mm, and was reduced to 0.5 and 0.4 mm for the dry cranial and cadaveric studies, respectively, by eliminating or reregistering inexact fiducials. Mean target localization error ranged from 0.91 to 2.44 mm for superficial structures of the temporal bone in the dry cranial specimens and from 0.71 to 1.52 mm for deep structures such as the facial nerve, semicircular canals and ossicles in the cadaveric study. CONCLUSION: Interactive image-guided navigation in the temporal bone is possible with registration of cranial surface anatomic fiducials. It may be useful to the neurosurgeon and otologist in identifying critical anatomic structures of the temporal bone encountered during the translabyrinthine, retrolabyrinthine presigmoid, and suboccipital approaches.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1988

Vulnerable site of the facial nerve. From histopathology of seven temporal bones.

In the present work, a series of studies was made of seven temporal bones taken from 5 newborns within 6 h of death. In the 5 cases considered in this study, all of which had suffered from severe circulatory disease of congenital or unknown origin, destruction of the facial nerve as well as severe congestions were noted. The following findings were common to all seven temporal bones. (1) Bleeding together with destruction of the nerve had originated in the mid-section of the tympanic portion and increased distally up to the distal portion of the mastoid. (2) Bleeding was restricted mainly to the inner side of the perineurium or in the nerve trunk. (3) There was little bleeding in the epineurium, with the exception of both temporal bones in one of the cases. Although destruction of nerve fibres and the perineurium was prominent in all cases, in six of the temporal bones, traces of nerve trunk remained as a mould, with or without erythrocytes. In one temporal bone in case 5, which survived only 16 days, most of the nerve fibres had changed into fibrous tissue around which bleeding and small vessels containing erythrocytes were prominent. From these findings, it is postulated that the pathological change in the Fallopian canal of six of the temporal bones resulted from acute congestion after birth (due to acute reduction of oxygen density in the arterial blood resulting from severe congenital heart disease), while that of the remaining temporal bone resulted from chronic congestion which had already existed during gestation. It may be concluded that disturbance of blood flow is likely to occur from and distal to the tympanic portion of the Fallopian canal and that this may be due to the peculiar structure of the blood vessels in this area.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental viral infections of the inner ear. II. Simian virus 40 induced tumors of the temporal bone.

Pathological and virological studies were performed on temporal bones of 23 hamsters which developed tumors subsequent to neonatal inoculation of simian virus 40 (SV40). Four to five months after viral inoculation, 22 hamsters developed undifferentiated sarcomas in the subcutaneous space adjacent to the temporal bone. Nine tumors invaded the temporal bone, occassionally extending to the subarachnoid space but not to the inner ear. Choroid plexus papillomas developed in four animals, with one tumor demonstrating invasion of the cochlear aqueduct, internal auditory canal, and cochlear modiolus. Cells grown from a sarcoma and a choroid plexus papilloma contained tumor antigen and established that the tumors were SV40 virus induced.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home temporal bone dissection: anatomic approaches to ear surgery.

The anatomy of the temporal bone can only be mastered by repeated surgical and anatomic dissections. For the otolaryngologist who does not have access to laboratory facilities, a technique for dissecting temporal bones at home using readily available and inexpensive equipment is described. The basic home dissecting kit consists of dry temporal bones, a high-speed hobby drill, dental burrs, loupes, and paints. The preparation of temporal bones for dissection and approaches to anatomic, transmastoid, transcanal, and neuro-otologic dissections are presented. The relative benefits of home dissection in learning temporal bone anatomy and developing new surgical approaches, such as a transcanal-transcochlear approach to the internal auditory canal, are discussed.

Dissection↗
PubMed1995

Computed tomographic evaluation of surgically significant vascular variations related with the temporal bone.

Variations of the vascular structures related with the temporal bone may cause important problems in diagnosis, treatment planning and surgery. High resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of 700 temporal bones of 350 patients were retrospectively examined for the incidence of dehiscent jugular bulb, high jugular bulb, diverticulum of jugular bulb, anteriorly located sigmoid sinus and dehiscent internal carotid artery. Dehiscent jugular bulb was seen in 27 (3.9%), high jugular bulb was seen in 142 (20.3%), jugular bulb diverticulum was seen in 55 cases (7.9%). The average distance between external acoustic canal and sigmoid sinus was found to be 13.3 mm and in 12.4% of the cases this distance was < 10 mm. Of 700 temporal bones, 10 (1.4%) showed dehiscent carotid canal. To aid diagnosis, treatment planning and surgery, CT scanning is currently a very reliable tool in determining these conditions. Special attention should be paid to the position of the vascular structures in the preoperative temporal bone CT scans.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed2005

Cupular deposits and aminoglycoside administration in human temporal bones.

In this study, the deposits of basophilic material on the cupula of the semicircular canals in temporal bones from patients who had aminoglycoside administration within six months prior to death were compared with normal temporal bones. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included 24 normal control temporal bones age-matched to group II patients. Group II consisted of 23 temporal bones that had received aminoglycosides within six months prior to death. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. One (4.2 per cent) of 24 temporal bones in group I (normal) showed basophilic deposits. In group II, deposits were observed in 8 (34.8 per cent) of 23 temporal bones. The prevalence of basophilic deposits in group II was significantly higher than group I. This study demonstrates that within six months after aminoglycoside administration there is an increased prevalence of basophilic deposits on the surface of the cupula. Such changes may be related to the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) seen in some patients who have had aminoglycoside administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation and management of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak may be defined as a leak without an apparent precipitating cause. These transdural fistulas occur rarely, and diagnosis is predicated upon a high index of suspicion. Leaks have been reported through both middle and posterior fossa defects, although the vast majority involve the middle fossa plate. In a previous study we reported 7 cases of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leaks, all involving the middle fossa tegmen. Upon further review of these cases and 5 previously unreported cases, the defect was localized to the tegmen tympani in 9 of the total 12 cases. Diagnostic methods are discussed, with the importance of high-resolution computed tomography stressed. The role of contrast cisternography is also evaluated. An outline for surgical management is presented based upon residual hearing and defect location and accessibility. A transmastoid procedure offers the advantage of visualization of both the middle and posterior fossa plates, and this approach can be supplemented with an obliterative procedure when indicated. The middle fossa approach provides optimal exposure of the tegmen plate with less likelihood of ossicular injury when dealing with tegmen tympani defects. Adjuncts to surgical therapy include intrathecal fluorescein dye and continuous postoperative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Lateral temporal bone resections.

Eighteen consecutive patients underwent a lateral temporal bone resection for the treatment of tumors originating in the auricle, the external auditory canal, the periauricular skin, or the parotid and were retrospectively analyzed. The different lateral temporal bone resections performed have been categorized into four types. The type I resection consists of the removal of the tympanic bone and the external auditory canal lateral to the tympanic membrane. The type II resection consists of the removal of the entire tympanic bone, the tympanic membrane, the incus, and the malleus, preserving the facial nerve and the inner ear. Type III resections remove, in addition to the those structures removed in type II resections, the distal facial nerve and fallopian canal, the mastoid tip, the styloid process, and the stylomastoid foramen. The type IV resection consists of the removal of only the mastoid tip and the inferior portion of the tympanic bone. When the techniques of lateral temporal bone resection are used appropriately, adequate surgical treatment of patients with selected advanced and recurrent malignant tumors of the external ear, the periauricular skin, and the parotid is possible with low morbidity and a high probability of local regional control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ménière's disease. Histopathological changes: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

The histopathological changes in the temporal bones of two deceased donors individuals with concomitant Ménierè's disease have been studied. In one temporal bone we have found a blockage of the endolymphatic duct by abnormal bone. The histopathological modifications and the different therapeutic options are discussed. Clinical guidelines are proposed.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with bilateral temporal bone involvement.

BACKGROUND: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with variable clinical appearance. The etiology of LCH remains unclear to date. It is currently believed that clonal accumulation and proliferation of CD1a-positive Langerhans' cells are causative. METHODS: A 2-year-old boy presented with hypacusis and disturbance of balance. Auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) revealed severe bilateral labyrinthine hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed inflammatory changes with bone erosion in both temporal bones including labyrinthine systems and mastoid processes. RESULTS: During bilateral surgical exploration, fragile slightly yellowish tissue with necrotic areas was found that turned out to be LCH on histology. Chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone was subsequently initiated, leading to continuing complete remission. CONCLUSIONS: The initial presentation of LCH with bilateral temporal bone involvement is a very rare condition. The signs and symptoms of otologic histiocytosis can mimic those of acute and chronic infectious ear disease. Only a surgically obtained biopsy leads to definitive diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗