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PubMed1993

[Pseudo-thrombophlebitis syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations of 2 cases].

Pseudo-thrombophlebitic syndrome is a frequent clinical entity but many times insufficiently diagnosed. Described more than a century ago by Baker it is characterized for being clinically undistinguishable from a true thrombophlebitis, being its cause the presence of a synovial cyst in the knee joint (Baker's cyst) which can be complicated or not (breakage or dissection). Diagnosis is easy and is based mainly in echography and arthrography. The anticoagulant therapy used in true thrombophlebitis is contraindicated in this syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The usage of light density heparin (fraxiparin) in the treatment of orbital phlegmonous cellulitis with orbital veins and thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus].

A case of 72 years old man, diabetic, suffering from phlegmonous cellulitis with orbital veins and sinus cavernous thrombophlebitis as a nasal vestibule furuncle complication is presented. Apart from the application of antibiotics and surgical procedure, the patient was treated from beginning with thrombolytics specimen, fraxiparine. The methods of treatment of cavernous sinus thrombosis with thrombolytic specimens evoke in the literature controversial opinions. In the author's opinion the early application of fraxiparine in presented case could be regarded as responsible for stopping the process orbital veins and sinus cavernous thrombosis and even causing it to recess. The complete cure without complications (e.g. blindness) is attributed by the authors to the anticoagulation treatment. The authors also stress that fraxiparine may by used for treatment of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis even when the surgical procedure is planned.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryo- and electrotherapy in acute thrombophlebitis].

Combinations of cryotherapy with galvanization or alternating magnetic field (AMF), of cryogalvanization with AMF were used in 43 patients with acute thrombophlebitis. Within the first 3 days of treatment the response occurred more frequently in females. Positive effects of the above combinations were registered in patients of all ages. The remission persisted for 1-3 years. The treatment proved safe and pathogenetic. Cryoelectrotherapy is thought valid for therapeutic and prophylactic application in any cases of acute thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency of the legs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Effectiveness and tolerability of heparan sulfate in the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. Controlled clinical study vs sulodexide].

One of the most interesting glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is heparansulphate, known as the physiological activator of antithrombin III and involved in the maintenance of the antithrombotic potential of uninjured endothelium. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of heparansulphate with respect to sulodexide, another GAG suitable for the treatment of venous diseases. The study was performed in a open-label, controlled, with parallel and randomized groups, design. Thirty patients (aged 32-72 years) suffering from superficial thrombophlebitis were treated for two weeks with heparansulphate 100 mg t.i.d. or sulodexide 250 LSU b.i.d., both given orally. Some coagulative and fibrinolytic parameters (PT; aPTT; fibrinogen; euglobulin lysis time; t-PA; PAI-1; ATIII; alpha 2-antiplasmin; D-Dimer and platelets count) were assayed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Moreover signs and symptoms of disease (skin trophism; local pain; itch and oedema) were assessed. Heparansulphate and sulodexide were able to reduce signs and symptoms with similar degree and to significantly modify t-PA, alpha 2-antiplasmin and ATIII levels without any difference between treatments. Our issues show that heparansulphate can be useful in superficial thrombophlebitis management.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Extensive thrombophlebitis with reactive thrombocytosis in a high risk Chinese parturient associated with retained placenta increta: a case report.

Postpartum thrombophlebitis is an infrequent disorder in Chinese women. A case is reported of extensive postpartum thrombophlebitis involving 23 cm of the femoral and pelvic veins. This 25-year-old splenectomized victim of beta-thalassemia was bedridden for 12 weeks because of threatened premature labor before Cesarean delivery. During the operation, placenta increta with massive bleeding was encountered. To save the uterus, ten percent of the placenta was retained. Duplex color Doppler imaging was performed for the diagnosis and follow-up of the thrombosis and vigorous anticoagulation therapy successfully cured this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Prevention of deep venous thrombosis associated with superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg by early saphenous vein ligation.

BACKGROUND: Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the leg used to be regarded as a mild and uncomplicated disease, particularly in German speaking countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective clinical study from 6/91 until 12/96 we followed the progress of all patients (n = 398) with thrombophlebitis of the vena saphena magna or parva. Parameters of interest were: the incidence of concomitant deep vein thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. All patients underwent colour duplex scanning, most of them repeatedly. In cases of proven ascending superficial thrombosis, or involvement of the saphenofemoral junction, proximal saphenous vein ligation was performed (n = 56, 49 vena saphena magna and 7 vena saphena parva). Among these groups, there were 10 patients with malignant disease (18%), ten with a history of thrombosis (18%), another five comprised diabetes, recent major surgery and organ transplantation. RESULTS: In 56 operations we found free-floating thrombi 6x (11%), 19x the sapheno-femoral junction was involved (33%), 24x the saphenous vein close to the junction (43%). Three patients develop deep vein thrombosis, despite surgery (0.75% of all and 5% of the operated cases). 2 patients suffered from (non-lethal) pulmonary embolism (0.5% and 3.5%, respectively). One embolism occurred before vein ligation. Perioperative morbidity amounted to 8.5% (superficial wound infection, hematoma). CONCLUSION: Venous ligation is probably effective in reducing the rate of fatal pulmonary embolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Deep venous thrombosis in a patient with superficial thrombophlebitis. Apropos of 2 cases].

Deep vein thrombosis in patient with superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Description of two cases. Two clinical cases already observed at our Department of Vascular Surgery, regarding patients with superficial thrombophlebitis (STF) associated with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are presented. The diagnosis of DVT was achieved exclusively on the basis of the duplex scanner because the two patients were completely asymptomatic. The chance that symptoms and clinical signs of STF cover a DVT is a possibility that should always be considered. For this reason every STF should be further investigated with duplex scanner in order to exclude that the deep venous circulation get involved at the same time. The DVT in these cases is generally due to the spreading of the thrombosis process from the perforating branches. The chance of a multiple onset of thrombosis in the superficial and deep circulation represents anyway an hypothesis worth of studying.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Surgical treatment of an acute thrombophlebitis of the varicose veins of the lower extremities].

The operation for an acute thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities varicose veins was conducted in 45 patients in an acute period of complication (1st group); in 22--after the durable ambulatory conservative therapy (2nd group); in 18--hospitalized for the next aggravation of the superficial veins chronical recurrent thrombophlebitis (3d group). Complications after the operation have occurred in the 1st group in 4.4% patients, in the 2nd group--in 13.6%, in the 3d group--in 22.2%. The duration of treatment of patients in stationary have constituted on average accordingly 7.6, 9.3 and 23.5 days. In elderly patients, having severe concurrent diseases, the segmental phlebothrombectomy conduction is indicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

CT in cerebral thrombophlebitis.

The authors report their experience based upon 56 cases of CT in cerebral thrombophlebitis. Direct signs of occlusion of the veins are infrequent and interest lies in the abnormalities due to brain edema or venous infarct. It is fundamental to recognize these infarcts as their evolution is favorable under treatment. Angiography is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis which can be only suspected on CT findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

Surgical management of Candida suppurative thrombophlebitis of superior vena cava after central venous catheterization.

Septic deep venous thrombosis is a major complication associated with central venous catheterization in intensive care units. The most common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli and Candida species. The incidence of Candida infections is increasing, especially in intensive care patients receiving total parenteral nutrition and long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although intravascular catheter-induced septic thrombophlebitis is quite common, superior vena cava obstruction is a rare complication. However, few data exist concerning the best strategy for managing septic thrombophlebitis, especially when medical therapy fails. We report successful surgical management of Candida albicans suppurative thrombosis of the superior vena cava in a young patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis: sonographic diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: We describe our experience with sonographic diagnosis of ovarian vein thrombosis, an uncommon but dangerous postpartum complication. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of seven patients in our institution who developed postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis within the past 5 years. RESULTS: In all cases the diagnosis was made by ultrasound, which showed tubular hypoechoic masses lateral to the great abdominal vessels. The postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis was on the right side in six cases and on the left side in one. In five cases, it protruded into the inferior vena cava. The first three cases were referred to computed tomography after the sonographic diagnosis. In the last four cases, the diagnosis relied solely on sonography and no further evaluation was necessary. CONCLUSION: Sonographic examination can be diagnostic for ovarian vein thrombosis if performed very carefully in symptomatic postpartum patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus associated with delayed retinal thrombophlebitis.

A 58-year-old woman developed typical herpes zoster ophthalmicus associated with delayed retinal thrombophlebitis and subsequent vitreous hemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography confirmed a diagnosis of thrombophlebitis and demonstrated sparing of the arteriolar circulation. The retinopathy cleared spontaneously and visual acuity returned to 6/6 (20/20).

Female↗
PubMed1985

Central venous septic thrombophlebitis--the role of medical therapy.

Suppurative thrombosis of a central vein is a serious complication of central venous catheter use. Surgical removal of the vein, the treatment usually recommended for peripheral vein suppuration, is technically difficult. We describe six patients with central venous septic thrombophlebitis. Four patients were receiving TPN; three from this group were successfully treated medically with removal of the catheter, intravenous antibiotics, and anticoagulants. The fourth patient improved clinically with 2 weeks of medical therapy prior to surgery, which showed the clot to be sterile. In contrast, two patients with suppuration adjacent to and secondarily involving a large vein required surgical drainage of the perivenous collection. Patients with central venous septic thrombophlebitis can be successfully managed with prompt catheter removal, intravenous antibiotics, and anticoagulation, but surgery should be considered when there is a suppurative focus around the vein.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ovarian vein thrombophlebitis diagnosed by computerized tomography.

Ovarian vein thrombophlebitis is often misdiagnosed because of vague symptoms leading to unnecessary surgery, morbidity, and mortality. CT findings in such a case are very useful in making a definite diagnosis of ovarian vein thrombophlebitis. We consider CT the preferred method for evaluating pain in the right lower quadrant associated with a mass in the postpartum patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The noninvasive diagnosis of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities: clinical value of plethysmography combined with augmentation methods and a new scoring system.

Venous impedance plethysmography and respiratory-compression Doppler augmentation responses have proved to be diagnostically valuable in suspected thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities. These noninvasive methods can provide quantitative and reproducible data on the basis of which the presence of increased deep venous resistance can be confirmed, suspected, or doubted. A new scoring system for the composite evaluation of data from 100 consecutive patients with possible thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, or both, is presented. These procedures assume added importance in view of the diagnostic limitations, and even potential hazards, of other methods. These methods indluce lung scanning, radioactive fibrinogen scanning, venography, and pulmonary angiography. Serial studies can be performed with impunity for following highrisk patients and evaluating various therapeutic or prophylactic measures. The importance of monitoring the femoral-popliteal segment is emphasized, because of the greater propensity for massive pulmonary thromboembolism from thrombi in these veins than in the calf vessels. Clinical observations coupled with these studies underscore the fallacy of several widely-held diagnostic biases pertaining to deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. The long-term followup of 12 patients in whom inferior vena cava unbrellas has been inserted for life-threatening pulmonary embolism is presented. The possible propensity to deep vein thrombosis from vitamin E therapy is raised.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Catheter-related septic thrombophlebitis of the great central veins successfully treated with low-dose streptokinase thrombolysis and antimicrobials.

BACKGROUND: Septic thrombophlebitis is an iatrogenic life-threatening disease associated with use of central venous devices and intravenous (IV) therapy. In cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, vein resection or surgical thrombectomy in large central venous lines is time-consuming, can delay administration of chemotherapy, and therefore can compromise tumor control. Experience with thrombolysis has been published for catheter-related thrombosis but for septic thrombosis, this experience is scarce. RESULTS: We describe three patients with cancer and septic thrombophlebitis of central veins caused by Staphylococcus aureus treated with catheter removal, thrombolysis, and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. In our reported cases, an initial bolus of 250,000 international units (IU) of streptokinase administered during the first h followed by an infusion of 20,000-40,000 IU/h for 24-36 h through a proximal peripheral vein was sufficient to dissolve the thrombus. After thrombolysis and parenteral antibiotic for 4-6 weeks the septic thrombosis due to Staphylococcus aureus solved in all cases. No surgical procedure was needed, and potential placement of a catheter in the same vein was permitted. CONCLUSION: Thrombolysis with streptokinase solved symptoms, cured infection, prevented embolus, and in all cases achieved complete thrombus lysis, avoiding permanent central-vein occlusion.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis and cervical abscess as a complication of chronic otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To focus on two rare complications of cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. METHODS: A case of two simultaneous complications of cholesteatoma (lateral sinus thrombophlebitis and Bezold's cervical abscess) in a 7 year-old boy is reported. Thereafter, a review of the international literature about both complications is carried out. RESULTS: A 7 year-old white male patient was referred for assessment with high fever, obnubilation, cervical mass and otorrhea, being non-responsive to the clinic treatment, with the diagnostic hypothesis of infectious parotitis. The clinical examination and radiologic study demonstrated lateral sinus thrombophlebitis and cervical abscess due to cholesteatoma in the right ear. After being submitted to surgery and prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy, the patient presented a favorable outcome, with little morbidity. CONCLUSION: Despite the incidence of complications of otitis had decreased in the last decades, they are still a challenge for the clinician, especially because of the insidious manner of presentation, usually hidden with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

Extension of saphenous thrombophlebitis into the femoral vein: demonstration by color flow compression sonography.

Five cases are presented in which compression and color flow sonography were used to diagnose extension of superficial saphenous thrombophlebitis into the deep system at the saphenofemoral junction. In one case thrombus originated in the calf, demonstrating an unusual mode of propagation into the deep venous system above the knee. Color Doppler imaging is especially helpful in diagnosing this complication of superficial thrombophlebitis.

Aged↗