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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Parasitic and phoretic arthropods of sylvatic and commensal white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in central Tennessee, with notes on Lyme disease.

Sixteen species of parasitic or phoretic arthropods were collected from 56 white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, live-trapped in central Tennessee from April through November 1987. Arthropod infestation was compared for mice taken from sylvatic (woodland) versus commensal (household) habitats. Three species were recorded from hosts in both habitats: the sucking louse Hoplopleura hesperomydis, the flea Epitedia wenmanni, and the laelapid mite Androlaelaps casalis. Twelve of the 13 remaining arthropod species were taken only from mice trapped in woodland whereas the phoretic glycyphagid mite Glycyphagus hypudaei was collected only from commensal mice. Arthropod faunas on commensal hosts clearly were impoverished. The 12 additional arthropod species recorded from the woodland mice consisted of 1 nidicolous beetle, Leptinus orientamericanus; 1 bot, Cuterebra fontinella; 3 fleas, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, Orchopeas leucopus and Peromyscopsylla scotti; 1 tick, Dermacentor variabilis; 2 mesostigmatid mites, Androlaelaps fahrenholzi and Ornithonyssus bacoti; 3 chiggers, Comatacarus americanus, Euschoengastia peromysci, and Leptotrombidium peromysci; and 1 undescribed pygmephorid mite of the genus Pygmephorus. Two nymphal and 100 larval D. variabilis were examined for spirochetes and found to be uninfected.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Costs of veterinary services and vaccines/drugs used for prevention and treatment of diseases in 60 Tennessee cow-calf operations (1987-1988).

Four percent of the total cost of disease in 60 Tennessee cow-calf herds in 1987 to 1988 was attributable to veterinary services, and 2.3% was attributable to the purchase of drugs to treat sick animals. When producers spent money on therapeutic veterinary services, it was most often attributable to diseases of the reproductive system ($0.69/cow annually), especially dystocia ($0.51/cow annually). When drugs were used therapeutically, the most was spent on products to treat respiratory tract disease ($0.37/cow annually). The cost of preventive veterinary services accounted for 8.8% of the total cost of preventive actions. Pregnancy examinations (considered here as a preventive action) was the most costly preventive service ($0.62/cow annually). The cost of drugs and biologicals used to prevent disease accounted for 69.4% of the total cost of preventive actions, with drugs to prevent intestinal and external parasites being the most costly ($7.79/cow annually). These figures are based on cow-calf herds randomly selected by use of a 2-stage, stratified plan. Herds were visited once a month for 1 year. Results of this study support other work that showed that beef producers perceive veterinarians as primary sources of information on diagnosis and treatment of sick animals and on reproduction/breeding, but less knowledgeable or cost effective in the areas of animal/herd management, feed nutrition, and agribusiness/economics.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

Effects of Medicaid eligibility expansion on prenatal care and pregnancy outcome in Tennessee.

To investigate the effects of a 1985 Tennessee Medicaid regulatory change that expanded eligibility coverage specifically for married women during pregnancy, we studied vital statistics files linked to Medicaid enrollment files. The greatest Medicaid coverage increase in terms of an absolute difference in rates and the number of women covered occurred in white married women younger than 25 years with less than 12 years of education, where enrollment increased 18%. However, in that group of mothers, as well as for the total of all mothers studied, there were no concomitant improvements in use of early prenatal care, birth weight, or neonatal mortality. Analysis of the timing of enrollment relative to the beginning of pregnancy showed that more than two thirds of the women who enrolled did so after the first trimester.

Eligibility Determination↗
PubMed1990

Ectoparasitic and phoretic arthropods of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in central Tennessee.

Thirteen species of ectoparasitic (12) or phoretic (1) arthropods were collected from 26 adult Virginia opossums, Didelphis virginiana, live-trapped from April through September 1987 in Davidson County, Tennessee. The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis were the predominant species with respect to mean intensity and prevalence. The macronyssid mite Ornithonyssus wernecki and the atopomelid mite Didelphilichus serrifer, both specific parasites of this host, showed high intensities but low prevalences. Other fleas collected were Cediopsylla simplex, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, and Orchopeas howardi. The tick Amblyomma americanum, the myobiid mite Archemyobia inexpectatus, and the trombiculid (chigger) mites Eutrombicula splendens, Leptotrombidium peromysci (first record from this host) and Neotrombicula cavicola (first record from this host), were also recorded. One phoretic species, the glycyphagid mite Marsupialichus brasiliensis, was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A survey of equine parasite control practices in Tennessee.

A weighted, random sample of 130 horse owners in Tennessee was selected from subscribers to an equine newsletter published by the Agricultural Extension Service. Data about the participants' farms, horses, parasite control practices, and sources of information regarding equine parasite control were obtained through a telephone survey. The response rate was 98%. The typical respondent kept 4 horses on 2 pastures totaling 15 acres, and did not rotate pastures as a parasite control measure. The majority (83%) of horse owners indicated that they administered anthelmintics according to a regular schedule; 9% delayed deworming until the onset of weight loss. Proportions of owners deworming the various classes of horses at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 times annually were as follows: foals (0 to 6 months) 100, 60, 15, and 0%, respectively; weanlings (6 to 12 months) 100, 91, 32, and 0%, respectively; yearlings (1 to 2 years) 100, 100, 86, and 51%, respectively; and adults (greater than 2 years) 100, 94, 56, and 24%, respectively. Median treatments of yearlings and adults were evenly spaced at 6-, 4-, or 3-month intervals when the owners dewormed 2, 3, or 4 times annually, respectively. Mean intervals between treatments of foals and weanlings were less regular. Of the horse owners who dewormed 2 or more times annually, most (53 to 80%) used the same product exclusively for all treatments. In all age classes of horses, ivermectin paste (46 to 63%) was the most common product used, followed by tube deworming (23 to 38%) and use of benzimidazoles (4 to 16%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Prescribing of tetracycline to children less than 8 years old. A two-year epidemiologic study among ambulatory Tennessee medicaid recipients.

The committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics finds virtually no indications for administering tetracyclines to children less than 8 years old. This study analyzes tetracycline prescribing to ambulatory children less than 8 years of age in the Tennessee Medicaid program during a two-year period. Of the nearly 59,000 children in the study, 4,026 (7%) received 7,046 tetracycline prescriptions. Twenty-seven percent (527) of 1,947 participating physicians prescribed tetracycline; 26 physicians (5%) wrote 54% of the prescriptions for 45% of the children. Physicians in family practice prescribed the greatest quantity of tetracycline. Surgeons and internists prescribed more tetracycline to young children than did pediatricians. Rural location of practice was independently associated with increased tetracycline prescribing for all specialties. Recent graduates from medical school were less apt to prescribe tetracycline than were earlier graduates.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the CDC gravid trap for the surveillance of St. Louis encephalitis vectors in Memphis, Tennessee.

Collections with CDC Gravid Mosquito Traps on 954 trap-nights from May through September 1983 are compared to 2,608 concurrent resting site collections made in the same area of Memphis, Tennessee. Gravid Traps yielded 88 times more Culex per collection and 96 times more Culex per man hour. The total Gravid Trap catch was 135,724 mosquitoes, 99% of which were either Culex pipiens or Cx. restuans, whereas these species comprised only 63% of the 6,613 mosquitoes collected from resting sites. Gravid Traps also collected significant numbers of Aedes aegypti and Ae. triseriatus. On most nights, more than 95% of mosquitoes in the Gravid Trap catch were gravid females. These results demonstrate that the trap is an effective and efficient device for collecting several important vector species. The preponderance of gravid mosquitoes should enhance the probability of encountering pathogens acquired by blood-feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Oligohydramnios sequence (Potter's syndrome): case clustering in northeastern Tennessee.

The oligohydramnios sequence (OS) is manifest in newborns when prolonged oligohydramnios has been present during pregnancy. The most important signs are an infant small for gestational age, with wrinkled skin, Potter facies, compression deformities of the limbs, and respiratory distress caused by pulmonary hypoplasia. The recurrence rate of kidney conditions implicated in OS depends on the severity of the condition in the previously affected sib. While absent or encysted kidneys (Potter types II and IV) are incompatible with life, chronic leakage of amniotic fluid may result in a viable infant who shows some signs of OS. The usual incidence of absent or encysted kidneys is 1 per 6,250 births. This rate was exceeded recently in northeastern Tennessee, in a clustering of cases for which no environmental causes are evident.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Adolescent suicide. A review of 87 cases of completed suicide in Shelby County, Tennessee.

Suicide among adolescents is reported to be on the increase recently, and much attention from the news media to medical circles has been focused on this problem. This paper presents a comprehensive study of 87 completed adolescent suicides occurring between January 1, 1970, and January 31, 1985, in Shelby County, Tennessee. Factors including age, sex, race, and manner of death are examined as well as psychological, sociological, familial, and other environmental influences related to the deaths. In our series, the older white male adolescent dominated the statistics by far, and the most frequent mode of death was by firearm injury to the head. A brief discussion of studies related to suicide in general, and especially to adolescent suicide, is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Helminth parasites of the coyote (Canis latrans) in Tennessee.

From 1980 to 1984, 267 coyotes (Canis latrans) from Tennessee were examined for helminth parasites. Hearts were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis, diaphragms for Trichinella spiralis, and digestive tracts for other helminths. Six species were found including 5 nematodes (D. immitis, Physaloptera rara, Trichuris vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum, and Toxascaris leonina) and 1 cestode (Taenia pisiformis). Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to assess parasite prevalence and intensity. For prevalence data, a matrix of correlation among characters was computed, and the first 3 principal components were extracted from the original distance matrix. These accounted for 93.7% of the variation in the character set. Three-dimensional projections of localities showed spatial variability on each component. Significant relationships were found between principal component I and longitude, component II and latitude and mean January temperature, and component III and mean July precipitation and mean January actual evapotranspiration. For intensity data, no spatial variability was determined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary care in an underserved rural area: the Goodlark experience in Middle Tennessee.

With the assistance of Federal funding and three National Health Service Corps physicians, the Goodlark Rural Health Care System was established during the first 8 months of 1979 in a four-county, medically underserved area of Middle Tennessee. Four primary care clinics and a health screening and weight reduction clinic were initiated, and efforts were made to make the clinics responsive to community needs and complementary to existing area resources.A study of the results of these efforts through December 1981 showed that community acceptance, measured by patients' use of the clinics and satisfaction with the services provided, was generally high; however, one of the small primary care clinics was closed after 1 year because of a continuing decline in patient visits. Many patients continued to follow former patterns of reliance on larger centers for specialized care (and occasionally primary care), using the Goodlark clinics primarily for convenience.The primary care clinic that provided the most comprehensive services and that represented an expansion of an area physician's family practice showed a continuing increase in the number of new- and return-patient visits during the period of the study. Indeed, this clinic generated revenue sufficient to support the remaining clinics in the system, allowing Federal funding to be discontinued. The health screening and weight reduction clinic, however, met with poor community response.Acceptance of nurse practitioners by patients of the primary care clinics was high, and the Goodlark experience suggests that these practitioners may be the most cost-effective providers of primary care in more sparsely populated areas.Innovations in health planning must take into consideration local community factors and previous patterns of health care in order to complement existing health resources. Findings with respect to the Goodlark experience may be worthy of consideration by health planners in other localities.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predistribution of potassium iodide--the Tennessee experience.

Tennessee public health officials made a decision to predistribute potassium iodide tablets (KI) to householders in the vicinity of a nuclear powerplant. The tablets would be stored until needed in the event of a radiation emergency. The officials believed that it was important to have the option available as a means of protecting nearby residents. KI, ingested before or soon after exposure to radioactive iodine, can act as a thyroid blocker to protect the gland from accepting further iodine and, therefore, the radiation. A pilot project was undertaken to deliver, door to door, a package that contained KI tablets in sufficient quantity to supply a starter dose to each member of households within a 5-mile radius of the Sequoyah nuclear powerplant near Chattanooga. The package consisted of a vial of 14 130-mg tablets and a package insert from the manufacturer enclosed in a larger vial with a childproof cap. Home visitors who delivered the vials were professionals from the local public health departments, especially trained to answer questions about the project. About 66 percent of 5,591 homes accepted the medication. Extensive coverage of the project by information media was helpful in explaining local emergency plans as well as the KI distribution to the public.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1995

Human rabies--Alabama, Tennessee, and Texas, 1994.

In October and November 1994, three persons (one each in Alabama, Tennessee, and Texas) died from rabies. This report summarizes the investigations of these cases by state and local health departments and CDC.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1994

Effect of increased Medicaid fees on physician participation and enrollee service utilization in Tennessee, 1985-1988.

Integration of low-income persons, now covered largely through Medicaid, into mainstream provider networks requires sufficient numbers of physicians willing to serve them. This paper examines a 1986 change in fees in Tennessee that was aimed explicitly at increasing physician participation in Medicaid. County/monthly panel data from 1985-1988 were used to examine visits per enrollee, physician participation, and caseloads. Higher fees were found to lead to increased participation in both urban and rural countries, but were less effective in increasing the number of visits per enrollee in urban areas and physician caseloads in both urban and rural areas. A measure of the residential segregation of Medicaid enrollees within each county was found to have a negative influence on the number of visits per enrollee, on participation, and on caseloads when measured across all participating physicians.

Fees, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure to vaccinate children against measles during the second year of life. An analysis of immunization practices in two Tennessee county health departments.

In many Tennessee counties, children under the care of health departments have low measles vaccination levels. An immunization survey and a health department record audit of 2-year-olds were undertaken in two counties to determine the reasons for this situation. The results indicated that faulty clinic procedures played a large part in the failure to vaccinate against measles. Nearly half of the unvaccinated 2-year-olds with health department records had been present in the health department clinic at the appropriate age for measles vaccination; the remainder had dropped out of the well-child program before their first birthday. Emphasis on tuberculin skin testing and delay in the administration of the basic series of DTP immunizations correlated with the failure to vaccinate against measles. For more than half of the children who attended the clinic after their first birthday, no reason was recorded for the failure to vaccinate them against measles. Improved clinic procedures could bring measles vaccination levels within the acceptable range. These procedures would include new methods for correcting immunization delinquency, simultaneous tuberculin skin testing and measles vaccination of children without a history of tuberculosis exposure, emphasis on vaccinating at-risk groups, and more convenient vaccination clinic hours.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae--Kentucky and Tennessee, 1993.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia worldwide in children and adults and a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis. In addition, it is the etiology of 30%-50% of episodes of acute otitis media, the most frequent reason for pediatric office visits in the United States (approximately 24.5 million per year). Because sensitive and rapid diagnostic tests are not available, most pneumococcal infections are treated empirically; until recently, penicillin (PCN) and related drugs have been the treatment of choice. However, because of the emergence of infections with drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP), decisions regarding the management of infections caused by this pathogen have become increasingly complicated. This report summarizes results of recent investigations by CDC and state public health officials of DRSP in communities in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Child↗