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PubMed1992

[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas].

A comparative study between two distinctive groups of children documenting morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology was completed. 186 children belonging to a marginal and deprived suburban community from Valencia was defined as a experimental group (EG). 100 randomly selected children attending the emergency room of La Fe Children's Hospital was defined as control group (CG). Significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in: type and quality of prenatal care, vaccinations, low stature, depressive symptomatology and bizarre personality and behaviour. No significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in: breast feeding patterns, incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, weight, prematurity, low birth weight, caries and anxiety.

Child↗

PubMed2005

Fertility desires and intentions of HIV-positive patients at a suburban specialist center.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of fertility desires and intentions of HIV-positive patients receiving care at a suburban specialist clinic and assess how these may vary by their sociodemographic and health-related factors. METHODS: Questionnaire-based interview of a consecutive sample of HIV-positive men (18-55 years) and HIV-positive women (18-45 years) who presented at the HIV clinic of the Center for Special Studies, Sagamu, Nigeria, between November and December 2004. RESULTS: 63.3% of the 147 studied participants expressed the desire for childbearing, even though 50.4% of them already had > or = 2 children. Respectively, 71.5% and 93.8% of men and women who desired children intended to have > or = 2 in the near future. Only 4.3% of those who desired children did not intend to have any. All 30 individuals who had no children intended to bear children in the future, and they constituted 32.3% of those who expressed the desire for childbearing. Multivariate logistic regression analyses of associated factors indicated that decreasing age, shorter time since diagnosis of HIV infection and nondisclosure of serostatus to current partner significantly increase the odds of desire for childbearing, while having no children and a poor most-recent CD4 count significantly increase the odds of intention to have > or = 3 children instead of 1-2. CONCLUSION: The extent of the fertility desires and intentions of these patients poses a threat to the preventive strategies against vertical and heterosexual transmission of HIV in this region. In view of their compelling desire for parenthood, it may be wise for caregivers to desist from the conventional systematic advice against pregnancy but, in addition to laying emphasis on the risks, provide adequate information on practicable reproductive options for HIV-positive individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam.

An epidemiological study on intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam, was conducted. Of the 217 schoolchildren involved in this study, 166 (76%) were positive for at least one of nine species of parasite (six helminths and three protozoa). Among the helminth parasites, Trichuris trichiura (67%) was detected the most frequently followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (34%) and hookworm (3%). In the case of protozoan parasites, Entamoeba coli (8%) was the most frequently detected followed by E. histolytica (2%). No Cryptosporidium parvum or Cyclospora sp were found. A questionnaire survey revealed that there was no positive relationship between parasite infection and the children's school records, educational background or parental income, which have been known to play a role.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The big squeeze in search of a sustainable future for suburban community hospitals.

Suburban community hospitals face increasing competition from two sides-from larger regional providers and freestanding diagnostic and treatment centers. To effectively meet this challenge, these hospitals require rigorous integrated strategic financial planning. The hospitals should take a close look at their key differentiation strategies with respect to operational efficiency, performance and quality, program and service mix, market focus, physician staff alignment, and system linkage.

Economic Competition↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Its perspective of adolescent reproductive health behaviour in a suburban town in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Parent/Adult Child communication has been shown to influence adolescent reproductive health behaviour Adults need to pass correct information across to youths to help them make proper decisions that will promote their health. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude of parents to adolescent reproductive health behaviour in a suburban Nigerian town. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Ikenne, Ogun State. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 370 adults who were chosen by multi-staged sampling method. RESULT: About two-thirds of the adults surveyed (62.2%) were against premarital sex among adolescents. Although 46.8% said it was permissible for adolescents to use contraceptives, 87.1% will react negatively if they found contraceptives with their children. The condom was the most commonly approved contraceptive method for adolescents by 60.7% of those who approved of adolescents use of contraception, consisting of 14.6% of all the parents in the study. The major reasons against contraceptive use by adolescent were the promotion of promiscuity (41.5%) and infertility in the future (24.9%). Although gender difference was not statistically significant, the females expressed a more conservative attitude to adolescent sexuality and contraception than males; they were less likely to approve of sexual activity among young people (17.8% versus 23.6%) or contraceptive use by them (44.6% versus 49.2%). Eighty seven percent (87%) of those that had children/ward above 12 years had discussed sexuality issues with them. The major form of advice was sexual abstinence and the possibility of unplanned pregnancy. Only 8.5% had advised them about contraception. While 74.1% had approved of sex education in schools, only 31.9% approved of teaching about condom in schools. CONCLUSION: Adults are interested in the reproductive health of their children. Programmes that seek to involve parents in promoting the sexual health of youths will make significant progress if they specifically target parents (especially women) with information about the context of adolescent sexuality and address their misgivings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Lipid patterns and dietary habits of healthy subjects living in urban, suburban and rural areas.

Lipid patterns were determined in 167 healthy subjects in the age group 28 to 50 years living in an urban area, a suburban area and two rural areas to determine a possible relationship between their serum lipid patterns and food habits. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were determined in the sera of fasting subjects, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration was calculated. Risk of coronary heart disease as assessed by the body mass index, ratios of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, was significantly lower in subjects in rural area 2, who were agricultural workers with a high degree of physical activity, subsisting on a diet consisting mainly of plant food, despite a higher consumption of coconut, a saturated fat. It is possible that the hypercholesterolaemic effect of saturated fats was mitigated by the high fibre content of their diets.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Incidence of intrauterine cocaine exposure in a suburban setting.

This study endeavored to determine the incidence of intrauterine cocaine exposure in a socioeconomically mixed suburban setting. It also assessed the effectiveness of an anonymous questionnaire in eliciting information on maternal use of illicit drugs during pregnancy. Meconium was collected from 500 consecutively born infants and analyzed for the presence of cocaine and its metabolites. An anonymous two-page questionnaire also was distributed to all postpartum mothers. Of the infants' mothers, (73.2%) were covered by some form of insurance (private), whereas 26.8% either had no insurance or were covered by Medicaid (clinic). Fifty-nine (11.8%) babies tested positive for cocaine. The meconium of 6.3% of the babies whose mothers had private insurance tested positive, while the meconium of 26.9% of the babies whose mothers had Medicaid or no insurance tested positive. 316 (63.2%) of the mothers returned a questionnaire. 73% had private insurance and 27% were covered by Medicaid (clinic). Only five mothers with no insurance or covered by Medicaid admitted using cocaine. It appears that neonatal exposure to cocaine may be an even greater problem than previously imagined, particularly in the private population. In addition, anonymous maternal self-reporting forms probably will not be helpful in identifying infants at risk for illicit exposure to drugs.

Cocaine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Employment status of leprosy patients with deformities in a suburban slum.

In a poor slum area in suburban Bombay, a study of 129 leprosy patients with deformities revealed that only 46% were employed before the appearance of deformities and most of them had lost their jobs after deformities had appeared. Health education on care of anesthetic extremities did not have the desired impact on the patients, many of them had worsening of their deformities during the phase of their employment because they had to take up any kind of work in order to make a living. They were mostly poorly educated and lacked special skills. The only feasible alternative in this kind of situation appears to be a selective community-based rehabilitation of leprosy patients with deformities.

Persons with Disabilities↗

PubMed1989

Research note: the response of the clergy to spouse abuse in a suburban county.

An attempt was made to study the response of religious organizations to spouse abuse in a suburban county in the state of Maryland. Clergy members representing a variety of denominations from 143 churches and synagogues were surveyed. The presence of an ongoing problem-oriented discussion group as part of clergy functions was positively related to the identification of spouse abuse. More than half of the responding clerics acknowledged the need to improve efforts in addressing spouse abuse. Victim reticence to seek help, and lack of information about state law, legal options, and programs for spouse abusers were identified as major factors hampering response. Recommendations are made to improve linkages between the clergy and other involved community groups.

Attitude↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mothers' definition of diarrhoea in a suburban community in Tanzania.

A study was conducted in Temeke District, a suburban area of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, to assess the usefulness of a definition coined by mothers in the identification and subsequent management of diarrhoeal diseases. The mothers were asked about stool frequency and consistency of diarrhoeal episodes of their children aged under 5 and at what stage they would initiate remedial action. From their responses, seven categories of stool frequency per 12-hour period were established. Among the 630 mothers studied, it was observed that a majority of mothers (92%) would take remedial action for diarrhoea when the stool frequency was 3 or more per 12-hour period. It was, therefore, concluded that the mothers' definition for diarrhoea, being simpler, less confusing and less varied than the other definitions used commonly, could be adopted in surveys and epidemiological studies.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1988

Suburban accumulations of discarded tires in northeastern Illinois and their associated mosquitoes.

In response to a growing, human suburban population and an escalating problem of used tire disposal, a summer-long survey of discarded tires and their associated mosquitoes was conducted in northeastern Illinois in 1985. Within a 291 km2 area, a monthly average of 7,823 tires were distributed among 127 sources classified into 7 categories: fields/ditches (25% of total sources); salvage yards (7%); trucking/construction companies (13%); woodlots (15%); school playgrounds (11%); service stations (16%); and tire dealers (11%). Distribution and abundance of each source category appeared to reflect local land usage and extent of urbanization. Wooded sites surpassed service stations, dealers, and salvage yards in the average percentage of flooded tires (86% vs. 25% ea.) and percentage of those larval-infested (58% vs. 25% ea.). Overall, 6,398 mosquito larvae among 9 species were collected with Culex restuans (82%) and Cx. pipiens (13%) predominating. Species segregations with respect to the tire source are revealed. Possible control strategies of mosquitoes in tires are summarized.

Aedes↗

PubMed1983

Exposure to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in inner-city and suburban children: a serologic comparison.

This study explores the exposure of urban children to the spirochete Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. This organism is carried by 90 percent of the rats in Detroit. It is felt that these rats are a potential vehicle for childhood exposure to this organism. Strain-specific tests were performed comparing antibody levels in sera of inner-city (exposed) and suburban (unexposed) children. Study and control groups, numbering 124 and 113, respectively, showed significant serologic differences, with urban children having higher antibody titers. The findings are indicative of differential exposure rates and suggest that actual cases of leptospirosis may be present, yet undiagnosed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1980

Migrant and Australian born patients attending a suburban casualty service.

761 patients were interviewed at a suburban hospital casualty department, to examine usage of the department and to define differences between migrants and non-migrants. Whilst differences in socio-economic grouping, duration of illness before presentation and command of English were noted, surprising similarities in private insurance rate and general practitioner usage were found.

Accidents↗

PubMed1995

Suburban geriatric trauma: the experiences of a level I trauma center.

BACKGROUND: As the mean age of the US population increases, so does the incidence of geriatric trauma. Investigators have shown that the elderly have high morbidity and mortality rates associated with traumatic injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the severity of injury, mortality, and functional outcomes of geriatric patients with younger patients admitted to a suburban trauma center. METHOD: A convenience sample of trauma patients who were 65 years old or older was compared with trauma patients who were 35 to 45 and 55 to 64 years old. Demographic data, injury data, Injury Severity Scores, Revised Trauma Scores, length of stay, and functional ability outcomes were abstracted from a trauma registry in aggregate form and then analyzed. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 766 subjects (age 35-45, n = 223; age 55-64, n = 135; age 65 and older, n = 408) with a mean age of 64.6 years. A larger percentage of the elderly were victims of falls; younger trauma patients were more likely to be victims of motor vehicle crashes. Significant differences were found between age groups on Glasgow Coma Scale scores. Revised Trauma Scores, and length of stay. Significant differences were not found on Injury Severity Scores, mortality rates, or functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although anatomic injury severity of elderly patients was similar to that of younger patients, the elderly demonstrated greater physiologic compromise and longer hospital stays. Mortality rates were lower for the elderly group, but this result might be because a larger proportion of elderly patients were hospitalized with minor or moderate injuries.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1993

[Dental cavities in the urban, suburban, and rural environment among school children from the region of Dakar].

An epidemiological survey on 2.067 children from 7 to 12 years old in average carried in three urban, suburban and rural school environments, has shown that dental caries prevalence is not yet alarming in the district of Dakar, and that the caries index remain more high in the urban environment than in the rural environment. However face to the urbanization and the industrialization of this region, the modification of the alimentary habits appear to be facilitating factors of the raising of the dental caries prevalence in the coming years if nothing is done. It's why preventive measures have to be taken based over all on dental health education and dental health information in organized structures like school.

Child↗

PubMed1994

The epidemiology of male adolescent low back pain in a north suburban population of Melbourne, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in an Australian metropolitan, male adolescent population. DESIGN: Self-reported, pretested questionnaire that included a definition of LBP and a description of the body area it affects. SETTING: Three government operated secondary schools in a growth corridor of north suburban Melbourne, Australia. SUBJECTS: Six hundred ten males attending secondary (high) school, aged between 12 and 19 yr. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OBSERVATIONS: The point prevalence of LBP was found to be 16.7% and the sample prevalence 57%. The typical sufferer of adolescent LBP (ALBP) reported chronic LBP experienced up to a few days at a time, several times a month. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of ALBP found by studies in other populations is confirmed in Australia. There is a clear need for further study of the etiology and potential preventative factors of ALBP, and for consideration of whether nontraumatic occupational LBP results more from an aggravation of a preexisting (adolescent) condition than from an unsafe or unsuitable work environment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1993

A comparison of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcal) bacteremia at an urban and a suburban hospital. The importance of intravenous drug use.

BACKGROUND: There has been a recent resurgence of severe infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, including bacteremias and a toxic shock-like syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of intravenous drug use on the incidence, clinical epidemiology, and severity of S pyogenes bacteremia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective survey of medical records at a 500-bed tertiary care urban hospital and at a nearby 500-bed suburban university-affiliated hospital. All patients from each hospital with documented S pyogenes bacteremia from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 1989, were included. We examined demographic and clinical data from cases at the two institutions, serologic findings from a subset of isolates from the urban hospital, and factors associated with mortality from S pyogenes bacteremia by stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-five cases of S pyogenes bacteremia were identified, with 65% (62 cases) occurring at the urban center. Intravenous drug use occurred more frequently at the urban center (P < .005); the injecting drug users were significantly younger than the non-drug-using population (P = .001). Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus occurred in a subset of the injecting drug users at the urban center. Cellulitis and cutaneous abscesses were the most common sources of bacteremia at both centers. During the study period, the numbers of S pyogenes bacteremias increased at the urban center (P = .007), accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of infections associated with parenteral drug use (P = .003). There was no change in the prevalence of any T type throughout the study period and no clustering of T types among injecting drug users. The overall mortality was 23% (20/89). By logistic regression analysis, age older than 65 years (relative risk [RR], 14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 68) and the presence of the toxic shock-like syndrome (RR, 36; 95% CI, 2.2 to 600) were significantly associated with mortality due to S pyogenes bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous drug use accounted for an increase in cases of S pyogenes bacteremia at an inner-city hospital. However, advanced age and the toxic shock-like syndrome were the most important predictors of mortality.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The triad obesity, hypertension and glycoregulation complaints in a suburban population of Tunisia's Sahel].

Obesity, hypertension and glucose intolerance are often related, the relationship between hypertension and glycemia is well documented and may be explained through hyperinsulinemia. Most of the studies were conducted in western societies. The simultaneous study of this triad in a random sample (n = 555) of a suburban adult community of Tunisian's Sahel, showed an association between hypertension and level of overweight which was also related to diabetes prevalence after matching for age and sex. However serum glucose was related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure only for non obese subjects, when levels of overweight are stratified. The association between diabetes and hypertension therefore involves different mechanisms for obese and non obese subjects.

Adult↗