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PubMed2002

[In vitro resistance acquisition in Mycoplasma gallisepticum against ofloxacin, tylosin and spectinomycin].

To clarify a mechanism of acquired resistance of two Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strains against ofloxacin (OFLX) along with tylosin (TS) and spectinomycin (SPCM) as the controls, in vitro resistance acquisition test was carried out for 10 subcultures of each strain with increasing the amount of antimicrobials, and maximum growth allowance concentrations (MAC) in 10th and primary subcultures were compared. Acquisition of resistance in the strains against OFLX was moderate and MAC of the 10th subculture increased twice for one strain and 16 times for another one as compared to that of their primary subcultures. Acquisition of resistance in the strains against TS was also moderate and MAC of the 10th subculture increased 8 times for both strains as compared to that of the primary subcultures. Acquisition of resistance against SPCM was quite different between the strains. Namely the MAC of one strain increased 512 times, while another one did not acquire any resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Symbiotic efficiency in spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium legumino-sarum resistant to streptomyocin, spectinomycin, or kanamycin].

Symbiotic effectiveness of 45 mutant strains selected from four wild effective strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin or kanamycin was determined on Vicia faba. Loss of effectiveness occurred in twenty of these mutants; distribution of ineffective mutants was uniform among the three types of antibiotic resistant mutants but varied with the parent strain from which mutants have been derived.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1975

Efficacy of lincomycin and spectinomycin on canine pathogens.

Lincomycin (L), spectinomycin (S), and both (L-S) were evaluated in vitro and vivo against canine pathogens. In vitro, a wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity was achieved with L-S than with either L or S. The therapeutic effects of the antibiotics were investigated in 36 dogs inoculated with a mixture of the microbal agents. Tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, abscess formation, and necropsy findings were measured. The L-S combination was effective for the treatment of tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia in dogs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

[Spectinomycin (Trobicin) in Male Gonorrhoea (author's transl)].

28 male patient with uncomplicated acute gonorrhoea were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 2.0 g spectinomycin. All of them were cured. The suitable alternative to penicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea, but it will not cure simultaneously-acquired syphilis. Its use should, therefore, be restricted to specific indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a single injection of lincomycin, spectinomycin, and linco-spectin on early chick mortality caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

The efficacies of lincomycin (L) and spectinomycin (S), alone and in various combinations (L/S), were determined against Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) of avian origin, both in vitro and in vivo. L contributed significantly to L/S activity against SA, while S contributed significantly to L/S activity against EC, and L/S (2.5 mg L + 5.0 mg S) was more effective than either L or S against SA and EC. The suggested optimum dose for controlling early chick mortality caused by SA and EC is 2.5/5.0 mg of L/S per chick.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

In vitro activity against aerobes and anaerobes of trospectomycin versus spectinomycin.

The general antibacterial properties of trospectomycin (TRO) were compared with those of spectinomycin (SPEC) in an in vitro study using a collection of recent clinical isolates: 50 Gram-positive and 25 Gram-negative aerobes and 30 Gram-positive and 15 Gram-negative anaerobes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined for all strains by microtitre using serial dilutions in Mueller-Hinton broth for aerobes and Brucella broth for anaerobes. The final inoculum in each well was 10(5) cfu/ml. This study shows that none of the Gram-negative organisms was sensitive to TRO; the most sensitive were streptococci aerobic strains; TRO exhibited antibiotic activity against all anaerobes tested, which was not seen with SPEC, and also exhibited bactericidal activity. The MICs of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacteroides fragilis tested with TRO and SPEC were not significantly affected by the size of bacterial inoculum tested, and the nature of the growth medium did not alter the susceptibility tests.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence and the results of treatment of beta-lactamase-positive gonorrhea with spectinomycin (trobicin)].

Beta-lactamase-positive gonorrhoea was rather sporadic in Poland. In spring 1988 a marked rise was observed in the proportion of therapeutic failures in the treatment of gonorrhoea with procaine penicillin (4.8 million u) with probenecid among patient treated in the outpatient clinic of the Venereology Institute in Warsaw. The cause was infection with beta-lactamase producing gonococci. Up to June 1989 beta-lactamase production ability was tested in gonococci cultured from 415 patients (363 men and 52 women) with positive results in 73 cases (61 men and 11 women) that is in 18%. Most (85%) patients were treated with spectinomycin (2 g intramuscularly in men and 4 g in women in one dose) with cure in all cases. Treatment with tetracycline (2 g daily for 7 days) given to 12 patients failed in 2 cases. These results, if confirmed in other parts of the country, will cause the necessity of revision of the presently accepted indications for gonorrhoea treatment with penicillin with probenecid as the basic method.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on gonococcal infections--one shot therapy by spectinomycin--[Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD]].

From January through March of 1985, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 69 cases of gonococcal infections (61 cases of male gonococcal urethritis and 8 cases of female gonococcal cervicitis) at its facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of one shot therapy of Spectinomycin (SPCM) was investigated, and an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were made. The male patients were between 19 and 55 years old, with a peak age distribution in the younger half of the twenties. The female patients were between 18 and 40 years old. The major source of infections was a so-called special massage parlor which accounted for 36.1% of male cases. The isolation rate of PPNG were 16.7% (11/66). The MIC (inoculum size; 10(6) CFU/ml) of SPCM ranged from 3.13 to 25 micrograms/ml regardless of beta-lactamase production. In male patients, the eradication rate (efficacy rate) of N. gonorrhoeae by SPCM was 94.7% on the first day, 93.6% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy. In female patients, the rate was 100% on the third and seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy, and 75% on the first day, 66.7% on third day and 100% on seventh day after 4 g one shot therapy. We considered that one shot therapy of SPCM was effective for gonococcal infection also in the present time. Especially SPCM was effective for infections by PPNG, since it was not resolved by beta-lactamase of N. gonorrhoeae. Positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 16.3% in male gonococcal urethritis, and the serous discharge tended to remain longer in the positive patients than in the negative patients. There was only one side effect (1.4%), therefore SPCM was recognized to be a safely administrated antimicrobial agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Trospectomycin, a novel spectinomycin analogue: antibacterial activity and preliminary human pharmacokinetics.

Trospectomycin (TSP; U-63366F) is a novel spectinomycin (SP) analogue with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The in vitro activity of the analogue was compared to that of SP against approximately 400 bacterial isolates. The in vivo activity of the compound was assessed using experimental infection models for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative facultative bacteria. The preliminary human pharmacokinetics of TSP were evaluated following single-dose i.v. or i.m. administration. TSP was more active in vitro than SP (2 to 32-fold) against strains of numerous bacterial species, including staphylococci, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Proteus spp., Bacteroides spp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis. The activity of TSP for most species of the family Enterobacteriaceae was comparable to that of SP. TSP was more active than SP (2 to 32-fold) in curing experimental infections due to streptococci, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. TSP was well-absorbed following both i.v. and i.m. administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of microbiological assay data for the 1000 mg dose yielded the following mean values for the i.v. and i.m. routes, respectively: Cmax = 81.2, 28.7 micrograms/ml; serum half-life = 2.2, 2.2 h; Tmax = 25, 75 min; and AUC = 156.6, 116.2 h micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic analysis of assay data derived using the more sensitive HPLC assay revealed the biphasic nature of trospectomycin elimination, highlighted by a short apparent serum half-life (2.2 h) and a prolonged tissue half-life (approximately 36 h). TSP inhibits a variety of clinically important organisms, including agents of sexually transmitted diseases and pelvic inflammatory disease, and demonstrates favourable pharmacokinetic properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of lincomycin-spectinomycin water medication on Mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in commercially reared turkey poults.

A field trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a combination of the drugs lincomycin and spectinomycin (LS) with Tylan (tylosin, T) against Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) airsacculitis in 50,320 commercially reared turkey poults in Ohio. Both drugs were administered at 2 g per gallon of drinking water for the first 5 days of life. The poults were allotted randomly to two treatment groups with 8 or 5 replicates each. Initially, 250 poults were weighed, necropsied, and examined microbiologically and grossly for airsacculitis. At 3 weeks of age, 33 poults from each replicate were randomly selected, necropsied, and examined for airsacculitis. The data indicate that LS is superior to T as an aid in the control of MM airsacculitis in poults, as reflected by fewer air-sac lesions and greater improvement in weight gain (P less than 0.05).

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1983

[5 years' experience with spectinomycin in treating gonorrhea].

Incidence of gonorrhoea in over 50,000 outpatients of the University of Bologna Department of Dermatology reduces to 50% in the five-year period 1976-1980. At the same time effectiveness of spectinomycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea remains unchanged.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1983

[Bacterial flora isolated from the cervical secretions of patients with acute gonorrhea and their sensitivities to spectinomycin and ampicillin].

Subsequent to studies of clinical effects of spectinomycin (SPCM) and ampicillin (ABPC) given in combination on acute gonorrhea in female patients, sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to each of these antibiotics was determined. Furthermore, cervical discharge of female patients was searched for other organisms. Combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC were also examined. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were obtained from cervical discharge of 20 cases of acute gonorrhea. The predominant aerobe (45%) was S. agalactiae, while the predominant anaerobes (combined 70%) were Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.. The results indicate that mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae and aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci should be considered in acute gonorrhea in female. MICs of SPCM for 20 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were determined. SPCM showed MICs of 3.13 approximately 12.5 micrograms/ml against 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml. There were no strains with MICs of 25 micrograms/ml. ABPC had MICs of 0.2 micrograms/ml against 10(8)CFU/ml and 0.1 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml. Five strains (25%), MICs of which were greater than or equal to 6.25 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml and greater than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml against 10(6) CFU/ml, were all beta-lactamase producing. In vitro combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC is additive.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1970

Resistance factor-mediated spectinomycin resistance.

Of 100 natural isolates of drug-resistant enteric bacteria, 51 were resistant to spectinomycin (Spc) and 46 contained transferable R factors mediating Spc resistance. All Spc(R) R factors mediated streptomycin and bluensomycin resistance and were fi(+) type. Extracts of R-Spc(R) strains adenylated Spc, dihydrospectinomycin, actinamine, streptomycin, and bluensomycin in vitro in the presence of adenosine triphosphate and Mg(++). Results of genetic and biochemical studies support the hypothesis that these reactions are mediated by a single enzyme.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Proposed MIC quality control guidelines for National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards susceptibility tests using seven veterinary antimicrobial agents: ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, penicillin G-novobiocin, pirlimycin, premafloxacin, and spectinomycin.

The present multicenter study proposes broth microdilution quality control (QC) ranges for the antimicrobial agents ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, penicillin G-novobiocin, pirlimycin, premafloxacin, and spectinomycin, which are used in veterinary practice. Six separate laboratories tested replicates of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)-recommended QC organisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) on medium lots both common and unique to all laboratories. The proposed ranges were within 3 or 4 log2 dilution steps of the modal MICs for all organism-antimicrobial agent pairs, depending on their MIC distributions. With > or = 94.7% of all MIC results being within the proposed QC ranges, all combinations tested comply with NCCLS guidelines and all have been accepted by the NCCLS subcommittee developing susceptibility testing procedures for veterinary laboratories.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗