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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Preventive programmes for school children. Organization, duties and activities of the School Health Service of the city of Basel].

From a historical point of view it was the federal tuberculosis law of 1928 which gave an impulse to the Swiss School health services. Almost simultaneously a psychological service for school children was established in Basle. Besides physicians and psychologists, the present staff comprises speech pathologists and scientific coworkers. The mandate issued by the canton's government is mostly geared toward prevention of somatic, psychological and social disorders in the individual child and in risk groups, in the sense of social pediatrics. Carrying out this mandate requires a unity of investigation methods and the decisions resulting from findings. The statistical evaluation of epidemiological data depends on efficient computer use. High priority is given to data protection. With reference to the basic possibilities and limitations of activities in preventive medicine, questions of goals, acceptability and acceptance, curability and cost-benefit are discussed. The competitive situation between therapy and prevention is critically considered. An interdisciplinary approach including all the helping professions is strongly suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors in school shootings.

Nine incidents of multiple-victim homicide in American secondary schools are examined and common risk factors are identified. The literature dealing with individual, family, social, societal, and situational risk factors for youth violence and aggression is reviewed along with existing risk assessment methods. Checklists of risk factors for serious youth violence and school violence are used in reviewing each school shooting case. Commonalties among the cases and implications for psychologists practicing in clinical and school settings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia.

This article summarizes a series of studies conducted by our group that examined the social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia. Research suggested that social perceptual deficits are more pronounced in patients with nonparanoid schizophrenia than comparison groups comprising normal controls or individuals with paranoid schizophrenia. The social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia were affected by the level of abstraction of cue descriptors; the level of emotional arousal engendered by the situation; the presence of extraneous, emotionally arousing stimuli; and the familiarity of the situation. These deficits were not found in standardization and cross-validation samples of normal controls, suggesting that these differential deficits represent a characteristic of the disorder rather than a psychometric confound. Social perceptual deficits in schizophrenia were significantly associated with verbal recall memory and relatively unrelated to visual vigilance. These latter findings were used in a study on rehabilitation of cue perception which showed that memory rehabilitation significantly improved cue perception whereas attention focusing strategies had no appreciable effects.

Affect↗
PubMed1969

Changing times.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Behavior problems in patients with dementia. The impact on the career life].

Many studies have suggested that caring for patients with dementia may be associated with increased burden, particularly when subjects present with prominent behavioural problems. The present work aimed to review studies appearing on MedLine between 1990 and January 1998 that included the following keywords: 'burden or impact or cost' and 'dementia or Alzheimer's disease' and 'carer or caregiver or caregiving or family'. Only fourteen of the studies retrieved fulfilled the entry criteria for this review: crossectional or longitudinal studies looking at the association between behavioural problems in patients with dementia and burden of carers. All studies indicated that behavioural disturbances are an important cause of burden, although there was little consistency on the definition of 'behavioural disturbances'. As a consequence, it is still unclear which behavioural symptoms are more closely associated with increased burden of care. Future research in the area should aim to clarify these issues and develop management strategies to decrease burden on carers of patients with dementia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Music therapy in the behavior therapeutic combined treatment concept. Comparison between alcoholics with neurotic personality structure and patients with behavior disturbances].

From times immemorial, music closely associating with magic, played a significant part in the art of healing and in religion itself. It is not an invention of modern technical age and today it is legitimately involved in the overall rehabilitation programms in psychiatry. We have therefore attempted to conduct a study on this subject. The present investigation compares the behaviour of 100 alcoholics and 100 patients with neurotic personality disturbances drawn from the catchment areas of the Psychiatric University Clinic Vienna/Austria and the Anton-Proksch-Institut in Vienna-Kalksburg with regard to their respone to this type of therapy. We found that music provides a substantial contribution in reinforcing the basic ethical concept of the person concerned. It also breaks the barriere of expressivity by enriching the pool fo potential vocabulary. It appears to be the ideal medium of free communication. Investigation has to be continued, but music therapy will never develop from an ancilliary treatment into a therapeutic method in its own right. However, the music therapist should be prepared if necessary to allow for useful deviations from the traditional lines of musical concepts in his efforts to reduce the state of anxiety in his patients and prevent further deterioration instinct and traditional values, thus strengthening the ethical concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Childhood origins of teenage antisocial behaviour and adult social dysfunction.

The main aim of this research was to investigate the childhood predictors (age 8-10 years) of teenage antisocial behaviour (age 18 years) and adult social dysfunction (age 32 years). A sample of 411 London males was followed up from age 8 years to age 32 years. The most important childhood predictors of both outcomes (and of convictions) were measures of economic deprivation, poor parenting, an antisocial family and hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit. However, childhood nervousness and social isolation were negatively related to teenage antisocial behaviour but positively related to adult social dysfunction. It was concluded that the development of adult social dysfunction depended not only on established causes of antisocial behaviour such as economic deprivation and poor parenting but also on causes of internalizing disorders such as childhood nervousness and social isolation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A neurological model for childhood autism.

We analyze the behavioral and motor disturbances in childhood autism. On the basis of analogy to signs and conditions seen in adult neurology, we propose that the syndrome results from dysfunction in a system of bilateral neural structures that includes the ring of mesolimbic cortex located in the mesial frontal and temporal lobes, the neostriatum, and the anterior and medial nuclear groups of the thalamus. The mesolimbic cortex is cytoarchitectonically, angioarchitectonically, and neurochemically distinct and, along with the striatum, forms the entire target area of dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons. This raises the possibility that autism is related to neuromediator imbalance in those structures. Such dysfunction might be the result of macroscopic or microscopic changes in the target area or in structures functionally influencing them, consequent to a variety of causes such as perinatal viral infection, insult to the periventricular watershed area, or genetically determined neurochemical abnormalities.

Attention↗