Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Snoring”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Association of asthma-related symptoms with snoring and apnea and effect on health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association of asthma-related symptoms with snoring and apnea, and to assess their effects on health-related quality of life (HRQL). DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 10,224 parents and grandparents of students from 14 randomly selected primary schools in city center were asked to answer questionnaires sent by their children. All subjects were questioned for asthma-related symptoms, sleep-related disorders (snoring and apnea), and for HRQL using the Respiratory Questionnaire, Sleep and Health Questionnaire, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey, respectively. RESULTS: The overall response rate to questionnaires was 97.7%, and all analysis was performed on 7,469 subjects (3,920 women and 3,549 men) who provided sufficient responses to questions. There were 2,713 subjects who reported asthma-related symptoms. The snoring and the observed apnea were more prevalent in subjects with asthma-related symptoms (54.0% vs 41.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 1.8; p < 0.001) than those without asthma-related symptoms (16.7% vs 7.0%; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.3 to 3.1; p < 0.001), respectively. Asthma-related symptoms were found to be associated with snoring (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.6; p < 0.001) and observed apnea (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5; p < 0.001) after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, income, education, and smoking. Also, HRQL was found to be adversely affected by asthma-related symptoms, snoring, and observed apnea (beta = - 0.26, p < 0.001; beta = - 0.07, p < 0.001; and beta = - 0.08, p < 0.001, respectively, for SF-12 overall score) after adjusting for other confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Present data suggest that there is a link between the sleep-related breathing disorders and asthma-related symptoms. Moreover, the presence of snoring and observed apnea in individuals with asthma-related symptoms causes further impairment in HRQL. The effects on HRQL of coexistence of these three disorders should be supported by clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relative validity of self-reported snoring as a symptom of sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of responses to three different questions about snoring as indicators for sleep apnea in a population referred to a sleep clinic. Secondary goals were to evaluate the meaning of a "don't know" response to these questions and to examine how the associations between snoring and sleep apnea are influenced by demographics. Results from 1,409 patients in a sleep clinic indicated that nearly all levels of estimated snoring frequency were associated with a greater likelihood of sleep apnea. In addition, a "don't know" response indicated a likelihood of sleep apnea. In the sample from this clinic, sensitivities approximating 90 percent were obtained in men, and specificities approximating 90 percent were obtained in women, but high diagnostic accuracy (high specificity in men; high sensitivity in women) could not be achieved with the three snoring questions used here. Generally, associations between snoring and sleep apnea were independent of age and sex. Single persons, persons living alone, and persons customarily sleeping alone of both sexes all showed associations between self-reported snoring and the presence of sleep apnea.

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed2004

Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children.

OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines for the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suggest that primary snoring (PS) in children is benign. However, PS has not been well evaluated, and it is unknown whether PS is associated with serious morbidity. This study investigated whether PS is associated with neurobehavioral deficits in children. METHODS: Parents of 5- to 7-year-old snoring children in public schools were surveyed about their child's sleeping habits. Children with a history of snoring and nonsnoring children were invited for overnight polysomnographic assessment and a battery of neurobehavioral tests. Only children who did not have a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and were not considered hyperactive by parental report were tested. RESULTS: Children with a history of snoring, an obstructive apnea index of <1/hour of total sleep time (hrTST), an apnea/hypopnea index <5/hrTST, and no gas exchange abnormalities were classified as PS (n = 87). Control subjects were defined as children without a history of snoring, an obstructive apnea index <1/hrTST, an apnea/hypopnea index <5/hrTST, and no gas exchange abnormalities (n = 31). Although means for both groups were in the normal range, the PS children were found to perform worse on measures related to attention, social problems, and anxious/depressive symptoms. In addition, although within the normal range, both overall cognitive abilities and certain language and visuospatial functions were significantly lower for the PS group than for the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: PS seems to be associated with significant neurobehavioral deficits in a subset of children, possibly related to increased susceptibility to sleep fragmentation. Larger studies are urgently required because current guidelines for treatment of snoring in children may require reevaluation.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
PubMed2001

The prevalence and awareness of hypertension and the relationship between hypertension and snoring in the Korean population.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most important, and yet modifiable, risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. But in many countries, hypertension remains poorly controlled. Moreover, sleep apnea syndrome has shown that it is correlated with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among the Korean people and to evaluate the relationship between hypertension and snoring. METHODS: A total of 640 subjects living in Ansan, a regional city in Korea, were selected randomly, and trained nursing students investigated their age, sex, medical history, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and snoring score. Blood pressures were measured three times with a 10-minute interval and then averaged. The degree of snoring was estimated using a questionnaire. We divided the subjects into hypertensive (BP > or = 140/90 mmHg) versus normotensive group and snorer versus non-snorer group, and correlated hypertension with snoring. RESULTS: Of 640 subjects, 311 were male. The mean age was 39.7 +/- 14.6 years (18-77 years), the mean BMI (body mass index) was 22.4 +/- 3.0 kg/m2. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 121 +/- 15.7 mmHg and 79.5 +/- 11.6 mmHg. The prevalence and awareness of hypertension were 22.2% and 16.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of snoring was 35.2%. With the increment of age, in the male, the prevalence of hypertension and snoring were higher, and the snorer group showed a higher risk of hypertension than the non-snorer group (Odds ratio 2.32, CI = 1.56-3.39, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In Korea, the prevalence of hypertension was similar to that in the western countries, but the awareness of hypertension was much lower compared with western countries. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in the snorer group, so more research on the correlation between the two conditions should be advanced in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Patients' and partners' perceptions of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring.

OBJECTIVE: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has become a routine operation for snoring. Many centres have published their results. Few, if any, have questioned their patient's subjective feelings regarding the operation and more importantly, the patient's partner. METHOD: The study involved postal questionnaires and a retrospective case note review. Between the years 1988 and 1995, 125 patients underwent a UPPP for snoring at Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England, a large district general hospital. Postal questionnaires were sent to all patients and their partners, asking them about their experience of snoring and of the operation. The subjective postoperative change in the patient's snoring and their day time sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Score. RESULTS: The number of joint questionnaires returned was 90. The number of patients who felt that their snoring had improved after the operation within the first year was 100%, but this fell to 71% after 1 year. There was a significant improvement in the patient's daytime sleepiness after the operation. The list of complications included pain and nasal regurgitation, along with a dry mouth and altered taste. Overall, 78% of patients would recommend the procedure to others. CONCLUSIONS: The operation of UPPP is successful in reducing the severity of snoring noise in the majority of patients, as well as in improving the quality of the patient's sleep. This success, however, decreases with time and must be put in context with the relatively high morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The efficacy of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea].

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty was performed in 34 patients (30 males, 4 females; mean age 45.7 years; range 17 to 70 years) with simple snoring and mild OSAS. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and in the first and sixth months postoperatively with the use of the Epworth sleepiness scale, polysomnography, and snoring scores. A questionnaire was administered to assess patient satisfaction. RESULTS: All patients had decreased snoring. The quality of sleep increased in 79%. The clinical improvement seen in the first month continued through the sixth postoperative month. Satisfaction rates for the patients and their families were 88% and 85%, respectively. Significant decreases were found in the Epworth sleepiness scale (p=0.000) and visual snoring scores (p<0.001). In addition, postoperative desaturation indices decreased and minimal desaturation levels increased. However, no significant decreases occurred in the apnea/hypopnea index. No complications were encountered during and after operation. CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty has high efficacy in the treatment of snoring and mild OSAS, with such additional advantages as ease, low complication rate, and no need for hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome among a snoring community.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between snoring and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in terms of relevant health parameters and questionnaire responses. METHODS: Selective random sampling within a household survey in the cities of Al-Khobar and Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a 3 month period during the year 2000, was carried out. One hundred and fifty-two persons, aged 17-62 years, with a positive history of snoring as determined by the spouse or other members of the family were selected. RESULTS: The presence of OSA was determined using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). The predictors included age, gender and body mass index. Snoring was found to be more associated with OSA as suggested by ESS in the study sample. The severity of snoring and its pattern are more associated with apneic patients. CONCLUSION: Snoring is common and may be a serious medical problem. This study revealed that snoring is associated with symptoms suggesting OSA syndrome as detected by ESS. The family doctor and his team should be aware of the condition, using simple screening test such as ESS, improves the patient care, and finding of suspected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of snoring in Taichung area: an epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND: Snoring is the cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To our knowledge, no epidemiological data of sleep-disordered breathing in Taiwan is reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of snoring in the area of Taichuing, Taiwan. METHODS: Data were collected from a random sample of Taichung area residents listed in the Taichung Resident Telephone Directory. Questions were asked by telephone and the answers were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 1,252 people who were successfully interviewed, 606 were males and 646 were females. The overall prevalence of snoring was 46.8%, while habitual snorers accounted for 13.8%. The prevalence of snoring among males was higher than females (57% vs. 37%, p < 0.001). In addition, adults aged 40-59 years were more likely to snore (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Snoring in the area of Taichung, Taiwan is more prevalent in middle-aged adults, especially men. How to ascertain those who have OSAS economically and efficiently requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The oropharyngeal airways are smaller in those who snore than in those who do not. We sought to determine which soft-tissue component surrounding the airways contributes to upper airway narrowing in those who snore. METHODS: Ten control subjects and 19 snoring patients underwent CT, with 2-mm-thick axial sections obtained every 0.6 seconds during the respiration cycle at the same oropharyngeal level. We selected two sections with the widest and narrowest parts of the oropharyngeal airway to measure the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the airway and the thickness of the bilateral parapharyngeal fat pads, pterygoid muscles, and parapharyngeal walls. Mean values were calculated for each phase. For each subject, differences were calculated by subtracting the values in narrowest phase from those in the widest phase. RESULTS: Changes in airway dimension (P < .05) and lateral parapharyngeal wall thickness (P < .01) were significantly different between snorers and control subjects. Changes in parapharyngeal wall thickness and transverse oropharyngeal airway diameter changes were significantly related (P < .01) in those who snored but not in control subjects. CONCLUSION: Airway narrowing predominantly occurs in the lateral dimension in people who snore. Changes in the lateral pharyngeal wall are more important than the parapharyngeal fat pads in airway calibration. Narrowing of the upper airway area at the end of the expirium and the beginning of the inspirium is thought to be the cause of snoring and due to augmented muscle mass and prolonged laxity rather than inadequate activation of the pharyngeal dilating muscles.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

[Radiofrequency thermal ablation of the soft palate in patients with snoring and mild sleep apnea].

OBJECTIVES: We examined the early effects of radiofrequency thermal ablation performed to the soft palate on snoring level, apnea index (AI), and daytime sleepiness of patients with simple snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 88 patients having a diagnosis of simple snoring without apnea (n=61), apnea with AI < or = 5 (n=13), and mild OSA with 5 < or = AI < or = 15 (n=14). Radiosurgery was performed to three or four locations on the soft palate and uvula under local anesthesia, with some patients requiring a subsequent procedure. The results were evaluated two months after the final session using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The complaints completely disappeared in three patients (3.4%). Improvement was more than 50% in 79 patients (89.7%) and less than 50% in two patients (2.2%). There was no change in four patients. The mean snoring symptom level, snoring noise level, ESS score, and apnea index were 3.01+/-1.96, 1.43+/-0.79, 3.55+/-2.58, and 3.20+/-1.85, respectively. The results were significantly improved compared to pretreatment values in all the patient groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is an effective and well tolerable treatment method for simple snoring, mild OSA, and associated daytime sleepiness, with minimal postoperative morbidity and a low complication rate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalence of habitual snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in Afyonkarahisar].

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 0.7-3% of children and snoring is an important symptom. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of habitual snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in primary school students in Afyonkarahisar city. There are 41 primary schools in üç education regions in Afyonkarahisar city. One school from each region was randomly selected and all the students in that school were given a questionnaire. Of the 1100 given questionnaires 786 (71.5%) were filled in adequately and were accepted for evaluation. Of the students 407 (51.8%) were girls and 379 (48.2%) were boys. Mean age was 9.9 +/- 2.0 (7-15). The prevalence of habitual snoring was found as 4.8%. With regard to gender, occasional snoring and habitual snoring was significantly more prevalent than never snoring in boys. The prevalence of sleep disordered breathing symptoms was found to be significantly higher in habitual snorers. Maternal and paternal smoking frequency and passive smoke exposure was more common in habitual snorers but there were no significant differences among the groups. Hyperactivity symptoms were significantly higher in habitual snorers. In our study, school performance was found to be 10.9 folds lower in habitual snorers than non-snorers. We think that questioning the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome symptoms in children and performing diagnostic procedures and treatment when suspected will decrease the morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Laser-assisted outpatient septoplasty and laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for nasal obstruction and snoring.

OBJECTIVE: Nasal obstruction always occurs when the nasal passages are narrowed by a hypertrophic turbinate or a deviated nasal septum. Patients with nasal obstruction often have associated snoring. Laser-assisted outpatient septoplasty (LAOS) has a specific clinical application in chronic nasal obstruction due to moderate anterior septal deviation. Significant improvement has been reported in the measures of nasal obstruction following LAOS. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LAOS as an adjunctive procedure for snoring resulting from nasal obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty-five patients with septal deviation and bothersome snoring were enrolled. Patients underwent a polysomnography study to rule out significant obstructive sleep apnea. Ablation of the nasal septum was undertaken with a carbon dioxide laser. No nasal packing was required. LAOS procedures were performed in conjunction with other snoring procedures (laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty or laser turbinectomy) on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Data on the patients were compared from the preoperative to the postoperative assessment. Statistics used were determined by the Student's paired t test. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the procedure well. The additional surgical time needed to perform this procedure averaged 10 minutes. The mean nasal obstruction scale improved from 6.2 + 3.2 to 1.6 + 0.8 (p < 0.01) and the mean total nasal resistance decreased significantly after operation. Significant improvement was observed in the snoring scale (8.8 + 2.2 vs 2.8 + 1.7, p < 0. 05). No significant complications were noted. There were 2 cases of minor bleeding, which were easily treated. Postoperative pain was rated as minimal (VAS < 4). Follow-up of 4 to 6 months showed overall improvement of nasal obstruction and snoring symptoms in more than 90% of the patients. CONCLUSION: LAOS is a simple and well-tolerated treatment for deviated nasal septum. It appears to be a safe and effective adjunct surgical procedure for snorer with nasal obstruction on an outpatient basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The relation between snoring and smoking, body mass index, age, alcohol consumption and respiratory symptoms.

Potential risk factors for snoring were studied in a population of 457 middle-aged men. Eversnoring was reported by 60% of the men and snoring with an age of onset before or equal to 20 years by 13%. Eversnoring was significantly related to older age, higher body mass index and smoking habits. Alcohol consumption, estimated by questionnaire and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was unrelated to a history of snoring. Logistic regression showed that snoring was independently associated with age, body mass index and smoking habits. An exposure-effect relationship clearly appeared between tobacco consumption and snoring. After adjustment for smoking habits, none of the upper or lower respiratory symptoms was significantly related to snoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Cognitive symptoms in persons with snoring and sleep apnea. An epidemiologic study of 1.504 women and men aged 30-60 years. The Dan-MONICA II study].

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between every-night (habitual) snoring, sleep apnoea and cognitive complaints (concentration and memory complaints) in an adult population-based sample. In the DAN-MONICA (MONItoring trends in CArdiovascular iseases) 1504 males and females aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years were classified according to their snoring habits. Nocturnal respiration was measured in 748 participants. The following measures were regarded as potential confounders: age, gender, unintended sleepiness, insomnia, depression, hypnotic use, alcohol consumption by questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Concentration and memory problems were both related to depression, insomnia and unintended sleepiness. Snoring and sleep apnoea (defined as a respiratory distress index-RDI > or = 5) were associated with concentration problems and unintended sleepiness. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between snoring, concentration and memory problems, calculated by logistic regression analysis after adjustments for the above confounders, were 1.90 (1.23-2.91, p < 0.01) and 1.38 (0.97-1.99, NS). For those with sleep apnoea, the odds ratios were 3.53 (1.42-8.73. p < 0.001) and 1.51 (0.81-2.14, NS) for concentration and memory problems, respectively. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that cognitive complaints show a high correlation to mood, insomnia and hypersomnia. Habitual snoring and sleep apnoea show a correlation to concentration problems, but not to memory problems. This suggests that part of the association between snoring, sleep apnoea and cognitive dysfunction is related to the presence of sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Habitual snoring as a risk factor for acute vascular disease.

We wanted to assess habitual snoring as a credible risk factor for acute vascular disease, mainly stroke and myocardial infarction. The patients selected for the study had been admitted to the hospital through the emergency department, and were evaluated by means of multidimensional interviews and clinical records: 164 had acute cerebrovascular disease, and 136 cardiovascular disease; 330 patients with nonvascular disease were the controls. The evaluation showed 48% of vascular disease patients to be habitual snorers, but only 30% of the controls; the difference was statistically significant. Compared with the controls, in the cerebrovascular patients the risk (odds ratio) associated with habitual snoring was significantly increased, and of the same order as the risk associated with age over 65 yrs, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia; whilst the risk associated with hypertension was higher. In the cardiovascular patients, the risk associated with habitual snoring was again significantly increased and of the same order as the risk associated with male gender, body mass index > 29 (kg.m-2), dyslipidaemia, heavy smoking, excessive alcohol intake and hypertension. A logistic regression analysis, entering the variables in the following order: age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, and habitual snoring, showed that habitual snoring carries a significant risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, even after adjusting for other factors. Since habitual snoring carries a definite risk for acute vascular disease, we conclude that inquiring about it should become routine practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Dental appliances in the treatment of snoring. A comparison between an activator, a soft-palate lifter, and a mouth-shield.

Different dental appliances have been recommended in the treatment of snoring. The aim of the present study was to compare three different dental appliances regarding patient tolerance and the effect of snoring. Fifteen consecutive snorers were randomly selected to treatment with either a mandibular advancement device (activator), a soft-palate lifter or a mouth-shield. The activator satisfactorily reduced snoring in four out of five patients. At four-year follow-up, two patients had discontinued the treatment, one due to craniomandibular disorder. The soft-palate lifter had insufficient effect on snoring in four out of five patients. The results suggest that the activator has a satisfactory tolerance and effect on snoring, while the soft-palate lifter and the mouth-shield are ineffective in the treatment of snoring.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical significance of snoring].

Habitual snoring, nocturnal apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness are leading symptoms of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, simple snoring without apnea is a more common and normal phenomenon. In certain habitual snorers increased upper airway resistance during sleep may lead to sleep fragmentation and hypersomnolence even in the absence of frank apnea; this condition is termed upper airway resistance syndrome. There is no convincing evidence that snoring in the absence of sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The evaluation of symptomatic snorers includes a specific history and physical exam, followed by a sleep study if treatment is considered necessary. The choice of treatment modality for snoring is guided by the individual needs and symptoms of the patient. Weight loss, nocturnal application of continuous positive airway pressure, or intraoral appliances which hold the mandible in protrusion during sleep are non-surgical treatment options. According to the patients' subjective assessment conventional or laser-assisted uvulo-palato-pharyngoplasty (UPPP) has a high cure rate for snoring. However, objective documentation of the effect of these interventions on measured snoring noise is scant.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1997

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty versus laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of snoring.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the efficacy, pain, and complication rates between laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and conventional tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. METHOD: Eighty patients who had undergone the laser procedure and 29 the conventional procedure were studied prospectively. Snoring was measured using a new numeric snoring scale. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for final snoring scores, pain, or complication rates. The criteria for selecting uvulopalatopharyngoplasty candidates, which is described, resulted in a 97% success rate in the treatment of snoring. CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and conventional tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty are equally effective in the management of snoring in correctly selected patients. They are similarly painful procedures. A new and simple numeric snoring scale is described.

Adult↗