Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sadness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Recombinant rabies virus vaccine strain SAD-l16 inoculated intracerebrally in young mice produces a severe encephalitis with extensive neuronal apoptosis.

Seven-day-old ICR mice were infected by intracerebral inoculation with recombinant rabies virus vaccine strain SAD-L16. Infected mice developed severe and fatal encephalitis with rabies virus-infected neurons in widespread regions of the brain. There was extensive neuronal death with predominant features of apoptosis, as assessed by light and electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunohistochemical staining for activated caspase-3. Although SAD-L16 is a neuroattenuated rabies virus, it is fully capable of spreading efficiently and inducing widespread neuronal apoptosis in the immature mouse brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnostic criteria for research in psychiatry (RDC) and guide for the diagnosis of affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS)].

The Research Diagnostic Criteria (RCD) and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) were developed in the mid-1970s by researchers at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and at Columbia University. This article shows their clinical and research interests. The authors of the french translations, compare them to the recent DSM-III. These criteria represent a widely used nosologic system for clinical research in psychiatry. The SADS was developed in an effort to provide research investigators with a clinical procedure which reduce information variance in both diagnostic and descriptive evaluations of subjects.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Five seasons of sadness.

In response to her grandmother's death, moving back to her family, and beginning kindergarten, Bridget experienced a very difficult adjustment. During the period of play therapy, she began grief work: "Emancipation from bondage to the deceased, readjustment ot the environment in which the deceased is missing, and formation of new relationships."15 Bridget, at the age of five, has experienced five seasons of sadness. Yet her quiet and determined strength has enabled her to readjust to her once threatening environment. The therapist suggested continued therapy in the school environment to aid Bridget in formation of new relationships. The shadow of Bridget's five seasons of sadness seems to have lifted. Her bright affect and look of expectancy seem to be asking of the other children: "Will you be my friend? For no reason that I know Except I want you so."16

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1990

[Transplantation of the kidney at the medical school in Novi Sad--3 years' experience of an interdisciplinary transplantation team].

The interdisciplinary transplant team on Medical faculty--Novi Sad is formed at the beginning of the 1986, and first successfully cadaver binephrectomy was performed in April 1986, and kidneys was transported in Transplant Centre in Belgrade. The first human renal transplantation with cadaveric kidney was performed 20, May 1986, and result was excellent. The first human renal transplantation with living related kidney was performed 27, Sept 1986, and result also was excellent. During the last three years our transplant team performed 32 renal transplantations. cadaveric kidney transplantations - 25 living-related kidney transplantation - 6 kidney autotransplantation - 1 Our Concept and organisation of interdisciplinary transplant team in Medical Faculty--Novi Sad is the very efficacy model of organisation and at the same time the cheapest solution. In this paper we discuss our organization of human renal transplantation, and technique of donor-neprectomy (cadaveric and living-related) and cold perfusion of kidney with Collins solution. Our rules for implantation are shown as the Algorythm. At the end of this paper we present our results, based on three year's experience and list of the members of our interdisciplinary transplant team.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS)].

This article represents the French translation of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), developed by researchers at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University (New York) to permit the selection of homogeneous samples of patients presenting with a defined psychiatric illness. The SADS was developed in the mid-1970s in an effort to provide research investigators with a clinical procedure which would reduce information variance in both diagnostic and descriptive evaluations of subjects. It provides: 1. A detailed description of the features of the current episode of illness when they were at their most severe; 2. A similar description of the major features during the week prior to the evaluation; 3. A detailed description of past psychopathology and functioning relevant to the evaluation of prognosis and overall severity of disturbance; and 4. A series of questions and criteria which enable one to make diagnoses using the Research Diagnostic Criteria. These criteria currently represent the most widely used nosologic system for clinical research in psychiatry, allowing for comparison of results and facilitation of replication by different research teams.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of the major cardiovascular disease risk factors in the adult population of Novi Sad].

This paper deals with distribution of cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol and body mass index) in elderly subjects living in Novi Sad for the period 1994-1995. We examined 1270 consecutive subjects of both genders, 25-64 years of age. Risk factors were analyzed by standardized methods of MONICA project. Results obtained by this technique revealed that the population of Novi Sad is highly jeopardized compared to other MONICA collaborative centers in regard to the following risk factors: smoking, obesity and serum cholesterol level, and a little less jeopardized in relation to high blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive reactivity to sad mood provocation and the prediction of depressive relapse.

CONTEXT: Episode remission in unipolar major depression, while distinguished by minimal symptom burden, can also be a period of marked sensitivity to emotional stress as well as an increased risk of relapse. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether mood-linked changes in dysfunctional thinking predict relapse in recovered patients who were depressed. DESIGN: In phase 1 of this study, patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to receive either antidepressant medication or cognitive behavior therapy. In phase 2, patients who achieved clinical remission underwent sad mood provocation and were then observed with regular clinical assessments for 18 months. SETTING: Outpatient psychiatric clinics at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 301 outpatients with major depressive disorder, aged 18 to 65 years, participated in phase 1 of this study and 99 outpatients with major depressive disorder in remission, aged 18 to 65 years, participated in phase 2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence of a relapse meeting DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode as assessed by the longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 16 or greater. RESULTS: Patients who recovered through antidepressant medication showed greater cognitive reactivity following the mood provocation than those who received cognitive behavior therapy. Regardless of type of prior treatment, the magnitude of mood-linked cognitive reactivity was a significant predictor of relapse over the subsequent 18 months. Patients whose mood-linked endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes increased by a minimum of 8 points had a significantly shorter time to relapse than those whose scores were not as elevated. CONCLUSIONS: The vulnerability of remitted depressed patients for illness relapse may be related to the (re)activation of depressive thinking styles triggered by temporary dysphoric states. This is the first study to link such differences to prognosis following successful treatment for depression. Further understanding of factors predisposing to relapse/recurrence in recovered patients may help to shorten the potentially lifelong course of depression.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Pena in the Ecuadorian Sierra: a psychoanthropological analysis of sadness.

In highland Ecuador, pena refers to a state of mind characterized by a mixture of sadness and anxiety as well as to an illness state resembling depression. This paper attempts to illustrate, through an analysis of the discourse on pena, how the ideology in which it is embedded serves to interpret a bodily problem at the same time as it reflects a more global attitude toward life. In essence, the folk theory states that the physical complaints caused by suffering are the result of a disturbance of the heart, the central organ of man, and of the emotional life which it controls. Because this suffering is often attributed to the immediate family group of the victim, the community at large often formulates accusations against one of its members. Though the therapy is limited to a cure of the symptoms through herbal remedies, a formal request can be made to a perceived wrongdoer to amend his behavior. The pena is also a state which can lead to colerin, a dangerous and sometimes lethal illness which is characterized by a sudden explosion of anger or madness and which will follow an unattended state of pena.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1993

A SCAN-SADS comparison study of psychotic subjects and their first-degree relatives.

Two diagnostic interviews, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (lifetime version) (SADS-LA) and the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) were compared for main diagnoses and for their acceptibility to psychotic subjects and their psychiatrically well relatives. Broad agreement for DSM-III, DSM-III-R and draft ICD-10 diagnoses was good, although there were areas of disagreement between the two interviews which are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The reliability of the SADS-LA in a family study setting.

The joint-rater and test-retest reliability study of two translated versions of the SADS-LA (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Lifetime version--modified for the study of anxiety disorders), one in French and the other in German, have been tested in family study settings, in a sample of patients and first-degree relatives. The test-retest reliability study demonstrated that identification of major affective disorders and schizophrenia was performed with sufficient reliability; however, diagnoses of subtypes of major disorders (e.g. bipolar II disorder) and identification of minor disorders was less reliable. The implications of these findings in phenotype identification during family studies in psychiatry are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric diagnosis of patients with substance abuse problems: a comparison of two procedures, the DIS and the SADS-L. Alcoholism, drug abuse/dependence, anxiety disorders and antisocial personality disorder.

We compared DSM-III and RDC diagnoses from the DIS to RDC diagnoses from the SADS-L for alcohol and drug use disorders, anxiety disorders and Antisocial Personality Disorder in a group of patients with substance abuse problems. Kappa values for substance use disorders were fairly good. The instruments did not agree well on anxiety disorders, or on Antisocial Personality Disorder. Criterion differences gave rise to some of the disagreement between the instruments on Antisocial Personality Disorder, but the causes of disagreement for the anxiety disorders were not so clear. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sadness, depression and social reciprocity in highland Ecuador.

Pena or llaqui in the Quechua area of Ecuador refers to a state of sadness and depression experienced following a variety of life events. This paper tries to explain why there is an elaborate discourse on such feelings in this culture. It is argued that the Quechuas stress the ideal of social reciprocity in human encounters and are accordingly sensitive to disturbances in social relationships. We observe that they pay a great deal of attention to the victim of pena and that they try to improve relationships with the social network and the family. The indigenous theory on pena also points to the importance of bodily elements closely associated to the psychological conditions. We conclude that knowledge of status relationships are important to understand the emotions experienced when loss occurs.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of suicide potential by nonpsychiatrists using the SAD PERSONS score.

We were unable to validate the predictive ability of a previously described mneumonic (SAD PERSONS score, SPS) for determining the need for hospitalization of patients who have expressed suicidal ideation or behavior. After reviewing published studies on the subject, we arrived at a modification of this scale (MSPS). The MSPS obtained by nonpsychiatric and psychiatric house staff was compared and correlated with patient disposition for 100 consecutive adult patients presenting to the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center emergency department for the assessment of suicidal behavior. We were unable to correlate the MSPS with patient disposition. However, four criteria were found to correlate with the need for hospitalization (P less than .001). After weighting the MSPS, giving two points for each of these four criteria, and one point for each of the other six, we found that a score of greater than or equal to 6 had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 71% in identifying need for hospitalization. A score of less than or equal to 5 had a negative predictive value for hospitalization of 95%. When two nonsuicidal patients, admitted for situational reasons only, were eliminated, a score of greater than or equal to 6 had a 100% sensitivity and a score of less than or equal to 5 had a 100% negative predictive value in identifying patients requiring hospitalization. Subsequent use of the weighted MSPS for an additional 82 patients confirmed these results. Follow-up of 97.5% (116/119) of all patients discharged from the emergency department at 6 to 12 months found no mortalities. Using a weighted MSPS, nonpsychiatrists can quickly and easily obtain the objective information necessary to make an initial assessment of suicidality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effects of smoking and abstinence on experience of happiness and sadness in response to positively valenced, negatively valenced, and neutral film clips.

Incentive motivation theories of addiction suggest that behavioural concomitants of compromised mesocorticolimbic reward activity during abstinence might include decreased affective reactions to natural reinforcers. This study tested implications for hedonic reactions in abstinent smokers. It was hypothesised that positively valenced (pleasurable) film clips would elicit lower ratings of happiness in abstinent than satiated smokers. Twenty-nine smokers, randomly assigned to either an 'abstinent' or a 'satiated' condition, and 15 non-smokers took part in a single session in which they rated (i) signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and (ii) affective responses to positively valenced, negatively valenced, and neutral film clips. Compared with satiated smokers, abstinent smokers rated positive clips as eliciting significantly lower levels of happiness, and this was independent of self-reported nicotine withdrawal symptoms; the scores of non-smokers fell between those of abstinent and satiated smokers, more closely approximating those of the latter. By contrast, sadness ratings in response to negative clips were not affected by smoking status, indicating that the effect on happiness was not simply due to general emotional blunting. These results suggest that, for regular smokers, stimuli that are motivationally salient for the general population may elicit reduced positive affective responses during periods of abstinence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Assessing pollution in the Danube River near Novi Sad (Serbia) using several biomarkers in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.).

The response of wild fish to pollutants was studied in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) collected in 2001 and 2002 at two sampling sites in the Danube River near Novi Sad (Serbia): in the vicinity of the oil refinery and at the Danube-Begec, remote from the oil refinery and considered a reference site. The following biomarkers were measured in sterlet collected from these two sites: the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase and the induction of CYP1A1 in liver and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in serum. The results demonstrated increase in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in sterlet collected from the Danube-oil refinery (DOR) compared to that from the reference site, while no differences were found in other enzymes. In conclusion, the overall results suggest that an alteration in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px during the observed period reflects the presence of certain prooxidative compounds that can lead to oxidative stress in the liver of sterlet at the DOR site.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2006

Child sexual abuse in Henan province, China: associations with sadness, suicidality, and risk behaviors among adolescent girls.

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) and possible effects on mental health and risky behavior among female adolescents living in China. METHOD: A retrospective survey was conducted among 351 female students in a medical secondary school in the central China province of Henan in June 2004. The anonymous, self-administered questionnaire included items about unwanted sexual experiences before age 16, depression, suicidality, and risky health-related behaviors. RESULTS: Over one in five young women (21.9%) reported at least one type of CSA (any one of 12 forms of nonphysical contact and physical contact CSA) before the age of 16 years, with one in every seven (14.0%) reporting CSA involving physical contact. Risk of CSA was not associated with parents' education level, existence of siblings, or rural/urban residence during childhood. Although some indicators of poor mental health were slightly elevated among girls who had experienced noncontact CSA only, the most significant impact is among victims of contact CSA, including higher rates of depression, overwhelming sadness, suicidal thinking and planning, alcohol drinking, smoking, fighting, and having sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CSA in this sample of Chinese female adolescents seems similar to young women in many Western countries, and the pattern of associated mental health and behavioral problems is entirely consistent with international research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Personality influences limbic-cortical interactions during sad mood induction.

The current study examined limbic-cortical activation under transient emotional stress as a function of personality style. A ventral cingulate (Cg25)-centred limbic-cortical network was identified using positron emission tomography (PET) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a sad mood challenge that demonstrated differences for individuals selected for specific patterns of Negative and Positive emotional traits, indexed by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Healthy subjects scoring both low on the dispositional Depression facet of Neuroticism (N3) and high on the Positive Emotions facet of Extraversion (E6) were compared to those scoring high on the Depression facet (N3) and low on Positive Emotions (E6), a combination of traits previously linked to normal variations in mood reactivity. Scan analyses were designed to further characterize known variations in Cg25 activity previously reported in studies of negative mood in both healthy subjects and depressed patients. A multivariate technique, partial least squares (PLS) demonstrated a divergent Cg25-mediated network that differentiated temperamentally negative (NAS) from temperamentally positive (PAS) subjects providing a potential neural link between these specific combinations of trait affective styles and vulnerability to depression.

Adult↗