Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STRAMONIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Datura intoxication in Riyadh.

Cases of stramonium poisoning due to deliberate abuse by young adults have been widely reported. There are also a few reports of accidental poisoning in children from contaminated food. The taste and shape of Datura stramonium makes it unattractive to both man and animals and, therefore, ingestion by children in ignorance of its toxicity is rare. Three such cases are described in this paper. In Saudi Arabia stramonium abuse is unheard of and poisoning of children as a result of food contamination is very unlikely. Cases of ingestion in ignorance are, however, likely to occur frequently since D. stramonium grows in many parts of the country. The doses taken under the circumstances, though toxic, were small. The patients, therefore, suffered mainly the peripheral signs of the anti-cholinergic action of atropine, the principal D. stramonium alkaloid. Central nervous system manifestations and toxic psychosis were minimal in contrast to intentional misuse or accidental poisoning. Due to the special susceptibility of children to atropine toxicity and the relatively small lethal dose (less than or equal to 10 mg), treatment with the specific antidote, physostigmine salicylate, is emphasized for all but the mildest cases, in addition to any symptomatic treatment that might be needed.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of ferredoxin-cDNAs among some Datura plants.

The nucleotide sequences of partial ferredoxin (Fd)-cDNAs (corresponding to the amino acid sequence of 22-87 in the total 97 amino acids of ferredoxin) were determined for Datura arborea, D. stramonium, D. metel, and related Datura plants. Non-synonymous substitutions were noted at 4 positions and a synonymous substitution was seen at position 82 (Gln [CAA] (arborea) vs. Gln [CAG] (stramonium and metel)). The nucleotide sequence of Fd-cDNA may provide more detailed information regarding the relative taxonomic positions of plants than the amino acid sequence. However, Datura plants in the same section (metel, fastuosa, and innoxia) and of different varieties (stramonium var. stramonium and stramonium var. tatula) showed identical Fd-cDNA nucleotide sequences. This result suggests that there are very close relationships among the plants in each group.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Protein chemotaxonomy of genus Datura. IV. Amino acid sequence of Datura ferredoxins depends not on the species but the section of Datura plants from which it comes.

The complete amino acid sequences of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins from Datura quercifolia (section Stramonium) and D. fastuosa (section Dutra) have been determined by automated Edman degradation of the entire Cm-protein and of the peptides obtained by tryptic digestion and CNBr treatment. The D. quercifolia and D. fastuosa ferredoxins exhibited identical amino acid sequences to D. stramonium (section Stramonium) and D. metal (section Dutra) ferredoxins, respectively. This result suggests that the amino acid sequence of Datura ferredoxins depends on the section but not the species of Datura plants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Rapid in situ detection of alkaloids in plant tissue under ambient conditions using desorption electrospray ionization.

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is applied to the in situ detection of alkaloids in the tissue of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). The experiment is carried out by electrospraying micro-droplets of solvent onto native or freshly-cut plant tissue surfaces. No sample preparation is required and the mass spectra are recorded under ambient conditions, in times of a few seconds. The impact of the sprayed droplets on the surface produces gaseous ions from organic compounds originally present in the plant tissue. The effects of operating parameters, including the electrospray high voltage, heated capillary temperature, the solvent infusion rate and the carrier gas pressure on analytical performance are evaluated and optimized. Different types of plant material are analyzed including seeds, stems, leaves, roots and flowers. All the previously reported alkaloids have been detected in C. maculatum, while fifteen out of nineteen known alkaloids for D. stramonium and the principal alkaloids of A. belladonna were also identified. All identifications were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results obtained show similar mass spectra, number of alkaloids, and signal intensities to those obtained when extraction and separation processes are performed prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Evidence is provided that DESI ionization occurs by both a gas-phase ionization process and by a droplet pick-up mechanism. Quantitative precision of DESI is compared with conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (after sample workup) and the RSD values for the same set of 25 dicotyledonous C. maculatum seeds (one half of each seed analyzed by ESI and the other by DESI) are 9.8% and 5.2%, respectively.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Lamp-1 does not acquire the large polylactosaminoglycans characteristic of F9 cells.

Although F9 cells labelled with [3H]glucosamine synthesize many glycoproteins that bind to Datura stramonium agglutinin-agarose, only a small proportion of these were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies to lamp-1 and lamp-2 (lamp = lysosomal membrane protein). Differentiation of F9 cells by retinoic acid increased labelling of all Datura stramonium-bound glycoproteins, including lamp-1 and lamp-2. Although the large polylactosaminoglycans excluded from Bio-Gel P-6 that are characteristic of F9 cells were obtained from total glycoproteins, little of these large polylactosaminoglycans was found on lamp-1 and lamp-2. There was no increase in large polylactosaminoglycans of lamp-1 and lamp-2 after retinoic acid treatment, but an increase in the size of small polylactosaminoglycans (included on Bio-Gel P-6) and tri- and tetra-antennary complex oligosaccharides. Therefore, other factors besides the expression of specific glycosyltransferases determine the extent of elongation of polylactosaminoglycans on lysosomal membrane proteins.

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed2001

Cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus coat protein coding sequence acts as an avirulent RNA.

Avirulent genes either directly or indirectly produce elicitors that are recognized by specific receptors of plant resistance genes, leading to the induction of host defense responses such as hypersensitive reaction (HR). HR is characterized by the development of a necrotic lesion at the site of infection which results in confinement of the invader to this area. Artificial chimeras and mutants of cymbidium ringspot (CymRSV) and the pepper isolate of tomato bushy stunt (TBSV-P) tombusviruses were used to determine viral factors involved in the HR resistance phenotype of Datura stramonium upon infection with CymRSV. A series of constructs carrying deletions and frameshifts of the CymRSV coat protein (CP) undoubtedly clarified that an 860-nucleotide (nt)-long RNA sequence in the CymRSV CP coding region (between nt 2666 and 3526) is the elicitor of a very rapid HR-like response of D. stramonium which limits the virus spread. This finding provides the first evidence that an untranslatable RNA can trigger an HR-like resistance response in virus-infected plants. The effectiveness of the resistance response might indicate that other nonhost resistance could also be due to RNA-mediated HR. It is an appealing explanation that RNA-mediated HR has evolved as an alternative defense strategy against RNA viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Jimson weed extract as a protective agent in severe organophosphate toxicity.

UNLABELLED: Treatment of patients following an organophosphate (OP) exposure can deplete a hospital's entire supply of atropine. Given the possibility of multiple severe exposures after a terrorist attack using OP nerve agents, there exists a need for either greater atropine stores or the development of alternative antidotes. Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) contains atropine and other anticholinergic compounds and is common and readily available. It is used recreationally for its central anticholinergic effects and is made easily into an extract by boiling the crushed seeds. The extract has rapid onset of effects and may be useful for treatment of OP poisoning. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pretreatment with an easily stored and prepared Datura seed extract (DSE) will increase survival following a severe OP poisoning. METHODS: Datura stramonium seeds were collected, crushed, and then heated in water to make a 2-mg/mL atropine solution (100 seeds contain approximately 6 mg of atropine or 0.007 mg/seed). Male rats were randomized to pretreatment with either saline (n = 10) or 7.5 mg/kg DSE (n = 10) given as a single intraperitoneal injection 5 minutes prior to a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg of dichlorvos. The endpoint was time to death recorded by a blinded observer. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 24-hour survival rate was 90% (95% CI = 56% to 100%) for the DSE-pretreated group and 10% (95% CI = 0% to 45%) for the control group. The log-rank test revealed a statistically significant longer survival for the Datura-treated animals (p = 0.0002). Median survival time was 22 minutes 30 seconds for the control group and greater than 24 hours for the DSE-pretreated group. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with DSE significantly increases survival following severe dichlorvos exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Datura contamination of hay as the suspected cause of an extensive outbreak of impaction colic in horses.

Datura poisoning of horses is extensively reviewed. An outbreak of intractable impaction colic affecting 18 of 83 horses was stopped by withdrawing dried tef hay contaminated with young Datura plants. The dried, botanically identified Datura stramonium and D. ferox contained respectively 0.15% mass/mass (m/m) hyoscyamine as well as 0.16% m/m hyoscine (scopolamine) and only hyoscine at a concentration of 0.11% m/m. Immature, unidentifiable plants resembling D. stramonium, contained 0.14% m/m and 0.12% m/m of the 2 respective tropane alkaloids. The outbreak was characterised by protracted and repeated colic attacks due to impaction of the large colon and/or caecum without any other anti-muscarinic signs. Comparative analyses of single specimens of dried seed of the 2 species collected from both fertilised and waste areas revealed that young South African Datura spp. had levels of tropane alkaloids comparable to those in the well-known toxic seed and were, consequently, equally toxic. The inherent danger of tef hay being contaminated with Datura is emphasised. To our knowledge this is the 1st field case of poisoning in horses ascribed to the vegetative parts of Datura spp.

Animals↗